Each national language system has its peculiar legal terms and documents that undoubtedly provide the basis for the effective learning of English by future lawyers, judges, law enforcement bodies and clerks. Taking into consideration the training of highly qualified lawyers in independent Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as international and foreign legislative practice in our country, in order to develop a national legal system, it is necessary to create an educational and terminological dictionary for translating words of different branches from foreign language into native language and from native language into foreign language. The expressions of legal meaning reflect the aspects relating to legal relations among people.
The Uzbek-Russian-English dictionary of legal words and phrases consists of terms and words necessary for reading, understanding and translating legal literature of legal subjects by students, cadets, and academic staff of higher educational establishments.
In the current period of advanced technology, the topic of legal terminology is very broad, and it penetrates into the most advanced industries from everyday life to science and technology. So, it is natural that the lexical layer related to jurisprudence is huge and the semantic structure of its words is complex. From this point of view, attempts have been made to include words and expressions in this dictionary reflecting the main activities of the legal branches. The sources used to compile the dictionary include Russian-Uzbek dictionary of law terms, prepared by G.Ahmedov and Kh.Bektemirov, and the explanatory dictionary of the English language, general and special English-Russian and English-Uzbek dictionaries. Many of the terms given in this dictionary arc translated into Russian and English.
The dictionary contains terms and phraseological units in English, arranged in alphabetical order. The dictionary reflects translations of Uzbek legal terms into Russian and English as well.
The dictionary of legal expressions is compiled on the bases of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and consists of more than 3300 words and phrases. The dictionary is intended for researchers, translators, academic staff, students of academic lyceums, university students, doctoral students and applicants who are interested in English and learn language independently, as well as the wide range of readers.
This article discusses abundant legal terms and law words in connection with lexical and semantic features of them in diverse context. It is entirely important to identify linguistic feature of legal terms to reach absolute or adequate translation of legal texts and legal terms. The use of language is crucial to any legal system, not only in the same way that it is crucial to politics in general, but also in two special respects. Legal language is the language which is used by the people (like lawyers and other legal professionals), engaged in legal profession. Like English and Uzbek languages, legal language itself is now a global phenomenon. It contains a number of unusual features which are related to Terminology, linguistic structure, and linguistic conventions. Due to its rich vocabulary, we find many problems in legal language like “ambiguity”, “multiple meaning”, and “doubtfulness in its contents”[1]. The article conveys numerous English and Uzbek legal terms and their lexical features.
This very article discusses the study of Uzbek legal terms, main features of legal terminology and the internal and external opportunities in the formation of Uzbek legal terms. Indeed, prior to the discussion of these very terms, views of both Uzbek and international scholars including lawyers and linguists were provided. Comparing their opinions, the author then expressed own perceptions in a bid to reach an ample conclusion. For this research primary and secondary data were applied entailing encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesis, legal documents, codes and others. Mostly qualitative method was utilized so as to analyze the gained outcome with the help of these materials. Besides, most of the examples were provided in Uzbek since this work is devoted to the Uzbek legal terminology. All in all, it shows the importance of both internal and external factors influencing the formation of Uzbek legal terms apart from the reasons why these very terms have been altered over the years.
It is known that the lexicology of Arabic language has not been deeply studied by orientalists of Uzbekistan as compared to other fields of the Arabic linguistics. Therefore, the article examines legal terms and particularly the terms of criminal law in the Arabic language that are considered to be important lexical layer of this sphere today. In the research work, the concept of terminology, legal terms, criminal law terms, and the history of the legal language of the Arab countries that have passed certain historical stages, as well as examples from the Qur'an and hadiths, which are considered as the main pillars of the fiqh methodology, have been discussed on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature. In verses (ayats) of the Qur'an Karim Sura, there are a number of laws related to different areas of law, including criminal law, which are enriched with the concepts of religious law. In the Qur'an, several types of grave crimes are mentioned. In particular, theft, robbery, premeditated murder, infliction of bodily harm, bribery, adultery, slander, espionage, rebellion, alcohol consumption, deliberate murder of a child by its own parents, danism, etc. In this regard, the Qur'an and Hadiths have been considered as factors affecting the formation of the Arabic legal language. The Sunnah, which is considered to be the second source of Islam, also contains a number of terms related to criminal law. Authentic hadiths reflecting the criminal law and punishment issues in Imam al-Bukhari's collection of Al - Jame'as-sahih hadiths, have been studied as the object of research. In the Hadith collections named" Golden sets: Sahihul Bukhari", parts 3 , 4 and 8 also contain hadiths that describe the types of crimes and the issues which are subject to punishment. The article from "The Book (chapter) of Hadds" contains Hadiths by the Prophet Mohammed about punishment for consumption of wine and commission of thievery. In turn, "The Book on Witnessing" includes Hadiths about testimonies of the hidden witness, honest witnesses and false testimonies. Furthermore, "The Book of Diyakh", besides the descriptions of details of concrete crimes that existed in the period of the Prophet Mohammed, also contains Hadiths about punishments for premeditated murder, infliction of bodily harm and other criminal actions. Issues of law and fiqh as well as the terms provided in ayats of the Koran, Hadiths and Sunnah have been substantiated by a number of examples which served as the basis for creation and formation of criminal law terms in the Arabic language.
Any social contact, communication and communication, including all legal relations through language it will be wet. It is impossible to express thoughts without language as it is not, the language also forms its expression without flkr can't. Therefore, the right is the basic human needs and if there is a means that ensures and guarantees the interests of language is the main factor in the realization of this right serves as a factor. Any idea, concept, sign, action and attitude related to law is expressed in words, i.e. made up of words, phrases, terms and terms relation to the form of expression, until it falls into the form of expression, social contact, interaction does not occur. The reality and existence of an opinion, especially a legal opinion also appears in the language. Without language, without words, nothing is clear and there will be no ready-made legal opinion. Opinion in legal language words, terms, and certain ones formed with the participation of these formed only through syntactic devices - sentence models and finds its expression in speech: language is a condition for the "existence" of law. That is why language and law serve society social, spiritual-educational and spiritual phenomena, language gives spirit to law. This article discusses some indispensable English and Uzbek legal terms from the linguistic point of view.
The article discusses the features of teaching legal vocabulary in English to law students. When studying English, students of law faculties have many difficulties, since it is necessary to master not only the basic level of the language, but also the special legal terminology used in the practice of the legal language. To do this, students need to be introduced not only to grammar and vocabulary, but also to the specifics of the legal realities international legal systems. Legal terminology reflects the legal culture of every country.
This article is about the norm of chapter 12 – “Procedural law” of Civil procedure code. In this article the conception and kinds of procedural terms, practical and theoretical issues of this institute are analyzed. Introduction of the procedural terms and the terms of claims to civil proceedings, suggest the opinion on the solution of problems collided in the sphere of observance of procedural and actionable terms.
This article examines legal translation and its role in the interpretation of international legal documents from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Regarding the theoretical aspects, legal translation from the point of view of civil law and common law systems, the status of legal translation in international law, the principles of plain language, and the equivalence of legal words are discussed. Accordingly, the interrelationship between legal translation and interpretation of international legal documents is considered
The article covers the concept, essence and principles of interpretation of normative legal acts. There is a scientific discussion on the views of a number of scientists. During the discussion, issues related to the correct understanding and interpretation of the content of legal norms, their application to social relations were considered. Methods of interpretation of normative legal acts are explained. At the same time, special attention was paid to the subjects, types of interpretation of legal norms, the factors leading to the ambiguity of some norms in the normative legal acts, gaps in the law were studied in depth, and developed proposals for their effective elimination. In addition, a comparative analysis of national and foreign experience in the interpretation of normative legal documents was carried out, showing the peculiarities of different legal families. At the end of the article, the author puts forward appropriate proposals for amendments and additions to the interpretation of normative legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, aimed at improving the existing legislation.
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases.
In the markets of goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing. It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects. Based on the methods of a comparative study, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
SUMMARY
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases. In the markets for goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing.
It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
In order to eradicate corruption in all spheres of society, Uzbekistan is improving the appropriate legal, institutional and organizational measures. The Law "On Combating Corruption" adopted on the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan dated 03.01.2017. In addition to measures to prevent corruption in the field of public administration, he identified as measures to prevent corruption in the field of socio-economic development and entrepreneurship:
elimination of administrative and bureaucratic barriers, simplification and increase in the efficiency of registration, permitting and licensing procedures;
optimization of the control and supervisory functions of state bodies, improvement of the system of inspections of the activities of business entities, prevention of illegal interference in their activities;
widespread introduction of remote forms of relationships between government bodies and business entities;
creating equal conditions for doing business and preventing unfair competition;
introduction of effective legal mechanisms for public procurement, ensuring publicity, transparency and maintaining a competitive environment in the placement of public procurement;
creation of fair conditions and equal opportunities for the population in the field of education, health care, social security, public services and other areas of social and economic development, prevention of corruption offenses;
introduction of effective anti-corruption mechanisms in non-governmental organizations, etc.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects.
On the basis of comparative research methods, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
In order to improve the efficiency of the anti-corruption system, create the most favorable business climate, promote a positive image of the country in the international arena, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-5729 dated 05/27/2019. the State Anti-Corruption Program for 2019-2020 was approved, which provided for strengthening anti-corruption measures in organizations with a state share in the authorized capital by: introducing a system of anti-corruption “compliance control” and monitoring its effectiveness, еnsuring internal order in accordance with the relevant anti-corruption standard (ISO 37001), as well as introducing special anti-corruption measures in the private sector, ensuring strict measures and control procedures, ensuring strict ethical rules when participating in public procurement, encouraging collective anti-corruption actions of businesses.
In order to improve the investment attractiveness and strengthen the image of our country in the international arena, introduce new mechanisms for working with ratings and indices in state bodies and organizations, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international ratings and indices, as well as introducing a new mechanism of systematic work with them in government agencies and organizations ”No. UP-6003 dated 02.06.2020. the Republican Council for work with international ratings and indices was created.
Republican Council for improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices 06/13/2020 the program of measures to improve the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices was approved.
In order to increase the effectiveness of state policy aimed at preventing and combating corruption in all spheres of society and the state 29.06. In 2020, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-6013 was adopted
In accordance with the Decree, the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the National Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Combating Corruption were created.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
The article studies the classification of law terms, the requirements for terms and terminology as a whole. General approaches Io terms formation and the main characteristics of the terms denoting legal notions are reviewed.
Based on the study of the legal system, normative legal acts, scientific literature, lawmaking and law enforcement practice of foreign countries, the article analyzes their experience of using legal technology in legal activity
This article examines the importance of notary deed authentication in the Indonesian legal system and its role in empowering justice. Through a review of literature and legal documents, the article highlights the significance of notary deed authentication in ensuring the validity of legal documents and preventing fraud. It also discusses the legal framework governing notary deed authentication in Indonesia, including the role of the government and professional notary associations in regulating the profession. The article concludes that notary deed authentication plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the legal system, and that continued efforts should be made to strengthen its effectiveness and accessibility. This abstract provides an overview of the article titled "Empowering Justice: The Significance of Notary Deed Authentication in Indonesia." The article examines the role of notary deed authentication in the Indonesian legal system and its importance in promoting justice. Through a review of literature and legal documents, the article highlights the significance of notary deed authentication in ensuring the validity of legal documents and preventing fraud. It also discusses the legal framework governing notary deed authentication in Indonesia, including the role of the government and professional notary associations in regulating the profession. The article concludes that notary deed authentication plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the legal system, and that continued efforts should be made to strengthen its effectiveness and accessibility.
Raising legal awareness and legal culture in society is of great importance in strengthening legislation, building respect for the law, human rights and freedoms in every person, as well as creating an environment of intolerance for violations. This article examines in detail the role of legal awareness, legal culture and legal education in the activities of employees of the National Guard.
This article describes in detail the rights and privileges of women. Along with the analysis of national legal system and regulations, the experience of developed countries was studied and analyzed. There were described the registration of children born to single mothers and benefits to mothers. The author made suggestions based on analysis. In particular, it is desirable to create a legal definition for the single mother sentence and to reflect it in the Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Second, to be considered as a single mother, not only is it not in a legal marriage, but a woman in a legal marriage can provide her child alone for subjective reasons, unless she is legally divorced; There is a legal marriage, but such circumstances as early death of a spouse must also be taken into account. Third, it is desirable to unify normative
legal acts that protect the legal protection of single mothers in the national legal system.
The article analyzes the features of videoconferencing as a form of mutual legal assistance in criminal cases and the need for its The article analyzes the features of videoconferencing as a form of mutual legal assistance in criminal cases and the need for its use. The author explores the international and national legal framework for using video conferencing tools as innovative technologies. As a result of the study, gaps in the legislation on the use of videoconferences in matters of international cooperation in criminal matters were identified. In addition, the experience, advantages and disadvantages of foreign countries in using this form of mutual legal assistance are considered, and the relevant practice is studied in detail. Current article is enriched with real life examples. As a result, the features of the use of videoconferencing in mutual legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the consequences and conveniences of using these tools in pandemic situation were identified, and proposals were developed to amend the relevant legislationuse. The author explores the international and national legal framework for using video conferencing tools as innovative technologies. As a result of the study, gaps in the legislation on the use of videoconferences in matters of international cooperation in criminal matters were identified. In addition, the experience, advantages and disadvantages of foreign countries in using this form of mutual legal assistance are considered, and the relevant practice is studied in detail. Current article is enriched with real life examples. As a result, the features of the use of videoconferencing in mutual legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the consequences and conveniences of using these tools in pandemic situation were identified, and proposals were developed to amend the relevant legislation
The continuous development of medicine, which is an integral part of human life, allows to constantly replenish the terminological layer of the lexicon by introducing new names and developing stable ones. The fact that terminology in various disciplines exceeds the number of words in common use makes it necessary to study special vocabulary. In particular, severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused by 2 (SARC-CoV-2) detected in China on November 17, 2019, a new infectious disease COVID - 19 coronavirus infection, has now led to a pandemic situation worldwide. This reaffirms that an in-depth study of medical terminology is one of the most pressing issues. In this article, the features of the construction of Chinese medical terms; we have identified suffixes, semi-suffixes, prefixes, and semi-prefixes that are most actively involved in word formation, affixation methods, and term formation. It was considered that terms borrowed from other languages also played an important role in the Chinese medical lexicon. Terms learned from other languages also play an important role in the medical lexicon of Chinese; a pure phonetic assimilation is often found in the names of these substances 夫 南西林 [fūnánxīlīn ] “furatsilin" , many of which have a semantically assimilated alternative 因素林 [yīnsùlín] "insulin", some of them 阿摩西林 [āmóxīlín] and 阿莫西林 [āmòxīlín ] “amoxicillin” have been considered. Abbreviated complex words make it difficult to understand medical texts because they are formed in different ways, so abbreviations in Chinese 脱氧核糖核酸 [Tuōyǎng hétáng hésuān] "deoxyribonucleic acid" = 脱氧核 酸 [Tuōyǎng hésuān] «DNA»), that is, the abbreviations were studied separately. During the study of the construction of medical terms, we found that most terms and terminological phrases are formed by the method of addition and affixation. Systematization of these allows to determine the methodological basis for the translation of new terms in Chinese. In the article it has been investigated and drawn relevant conclusions on the subject of the works of Russian and Uzbek linguists such as Karimov A.A, Gorelov V.I. ,. Popova D.E., Xorechko U.V., Frolova O.P.,Ochirov O.R, Superanskaya, AV, Superanskaya, A.V, Karimov A.A, Nosirova S.A, Hashimova S.A, Mustafaeva S.
This article focuses on the translation of scientific and technical compound terms with Latin and Greek elements. The scientific and technical terms of the English language were studied on their transfer to the Uzbek language, as well as the Turkish language. In this case, compound terms were considered in terms of synchronic and diachronic issues. As you know, not all scientific and technical terms have their translations in Uzbek. In this regard, in the absence of a translation of the term in the Uzbek language, a translation of the term is proposed taking into account its characteristics, etymology and grammatical sides of the term. All terms were selected from the scientific book “Materials for Engineers and Technicians”.