ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
953
QOYATOSH SURATLARNING TARIXIMIZDA TUTGA O’RNI.
Bobohusenov Akmal Ashurovich
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti tarix fani o’qituvchisi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11033233
Anontatsiya.
Maqola Buxoro vohasi va O’zbekiston hududida joylashgan qoyatosh
suratlari va ularnig o’rganilishi haqida insoniyat hayotida o’rnihaqida diniy qarashlari va
xo’jalik hayoti haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.
Kalit so’zlar:
Abdujabbor Kabirov, qoyatosh suratlari, Sarmishsoy qoyatosh suratlari,
o’ymakorlik, qoyadagi belgilar, arxeologik topilmalar, etnografik dalillar, rassomlarining
mehnati.
ROCK PAINTINGS HAVE A PLACE IN OUR HISTORY.
Abstract.
The article contains information about the rock paintings located in the Bukhara
oasis and the territory of Uzbekistan and their study, as an example of religious views and
economic life in human life.
Key words:
Abdujabbor Kabirov, rock paintings, Sarmishsay rock paintings, carving, signs
on the rock, archaeological findings, ethnographic evidence, work of artists.
НАСКАЛЬНЫЕ РИСУНКИ ИМЕЮТ МЕСТО В НАШЕЙ ИСТОРИИ.
Аннотация.
В статье речь идет о наскальных рисунках, расположенных в
Бухарском оазисе и на территории Узбекистана, и их изучении, как примере в жизни
человечества, о религиозных воззрениях и экономической жизни.
Ключевые слова:
Абдуджаббор Кабиров, наскальные рисунки, наскальные рисунки
Сармишсая, резьба, знаки на скалах, археологические находки, этнографические
свидетельства, работы художников.
O‘zbekistonda qoyatosh suratlarini o‘rgangan arxeolog Abdujabbor Kabirovning
yozishicha, Sarmishsoy qoyatosh suratlari,asosan, chorvador qabilalarning ijodiy mahsuli bo‘lib,
bu yerda qadimgi davr rassomlarining mehnati o‘z ifodasini topgan va ular o‘z davrining xo‘jalik
hayoti, ideologiyasi va madaniy dunyosi haqida hikoya qilganlar.
Sarmishsoy qoyatosh suratlarining mazmuni, mavzusi va ulardan olingan arxeologik,
etnografik dalillarga tayanib shuni aytish mumkinki, mazkur daradagi tasvirlar negizida ibtidoiy
kishilar, qadimgi qabilalarning kundalik turmushi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan ba’zi hayotiy voqealar,
ularning g‘oyaviy tushunchalari bilan aloqador bo‘lgan diniy e’tiqodlari yotadi, desak to‘g‘ri
bo‘ladi. Chunki, qoyatoshlarga ishlangan suratlar ham irim-sirimlar, sehr-jodularning bir
ko‘rinishi bo‘lgan
1
.
Muayyan davrda yashagan kishilar guruhi va qabilalar uchun muqaddas dargoh
hisoblangan daralarga, qoyatoshlarga, g‘orlarga va kamarlarning devorlariga ishlangan odamlar,
hayvonlar, qurol-yarog‘ va boshqa narsalarning tasviri tushurilgan suratlar tasodifiy holat emas.
Sarmishsoy suratlarining g‘oyaviy mazmuni haqida bayon etilgan fikr-mulohazalar
qanchalar ravon bo‘lsa-da, bu borada qoyatosh suratlari yangi tadqiqotlarga muhtoj hisoblanadi.
1
Кабиров Дж.
Наскальные изображения Сармишсая // ИМКУ. Вып.9. -Ташкент, 1972.-С.50-55.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
954
- Qoyatosh rasmlari qadimgi ajdodlarimizdan qolgan muhim tarixiy manba bo‘lib xizmat
qiladi.
Bu qoyatosh rasmlari o‘tmish ajdodlarimizning tarixi, kundalik turmush tarzi, diniy,
madaniy va ma’naviy hayoti haqida ma’lumot beruvchi muhim manba hisoblanadi;
- Sarmishsoy qoyatosh suratlarining ishlanish texnikasi va tasviriga o‘xshash suratlar
Farg‘ona hamda O‘rta Osiyoning boshqa hududlarida ham uchrashi qadimgi davr Buxoro vohasi
aholisining etnomadaniy aloqalari natijasi hisoblanadi;
- Insonlar tabiat moʻjizalarini va uning sir-asrorlarini tasavvur etishi tufayli tirik jonzotlarga
taqlid etishgan, ularning qiyofalarini yaratishgan. Insonlar rasmlar chizish orqali tabiatdagi narsa
va hodisalarga o‘z ta’sirini o‘tkazish yoki undagi asov holatlarni bo‘ysundirishga hayolan harakat
qilgan.
Ana shu tasavvurlar ta’sirida shakllangan va o‘zlarining ilk ibtidoiy tajribalarini to‘play
boshlagan dastlabki insonlar moʻjizakor tabiatdagi osori-atiqalarning rasmini chizish uchun tabiiy
tayyor g‘orlardan, qoyalardan foydalangan;
- Sarmishsoy suratlarining ishlanish texnikasi, mavzusi va mazmuniga qarab, xronologik
jihatdan qadimiy suratlar, Ilk temir davri suratlari va keyingi davr suratlariga bo’linadi. Agar
bronza va ilk temir davri tasvirlarining asosini yovvoyi va yirtqich hayvonlar tashkil etgan bo‘lsa,
o‘rta asrlar va keyingi davrlarda qoyalarda ko‘proq uy hayvonlari, tog‘ echkilari, tuya, ot, eshak,
bo‘ri, it, qush, tamg‘a shaklidagi belgi va noaniq, tushunarsiz tasvirlar aks ettirilgan. Bulardan
tashqari qoyalarda ot choptirib ketayotgan chavandozlar yoki cho‘ponlar, olis safarga otlangan
tuyalar karvoni, otliq ovchilarning tog‘ echkilari ortidan ta’qib qilib ketayotgan turli-tuman
mazmunga ega bo‘lgan manzaralari aks ettirilgan.
Bu tasvirlar, nisbatan qo‘pol, ko‘pincha oddiy sxematik uslubda, urib-cho‘kichlash, tirnash
texnikalari asosida bajarilgan;
- Qoyatosh san’ati yodgorliklari rasmlari turi, mazmun-mohiyati, ishlanish texnikasi, uslubi,
saqlanish darajasi, hajmining katta-kichikligi kabi jihatlari bilan bir-biridan tubdan farq qiladi. Bu
farqlar ularning turli tarixiy davrlarda ishlanganligidan dalolat beradi. Bu rasmlar ustidan ikkinchi
rasmning ishlanishi ham ularning boshqa-boshqa davrlarga oidligini ko‘rsatadi;
- O‘lkamizda arablar istilosidan so‘ng, islom dinining keng yoyilishi natijasida qoyalarga
rasm ishlash ancha sustlashib ketgan. Chunki, islom dinida rasm solish shakkoklik, ya’ni gunoh
hisoblangan.
Bu bilan qoyalarga rasm solish butunlay yo‘qolib ketmagan. Ammo, ularning mazmuni va
mohiyatiga putur yetadi. Odamlar endi qoyalarga rasm ishlashda biror-bir maqsadni ko‘zlab emas,
balki ermak sifatida qaray boshlaganlar. Keyingi davr tasvirlari,asosan, kelib ketuvchi odamlar,
mahalliy xalq yoki cho‘ponlar tomanidan qoyatoshlarda o‘zlari ko‘rgan rasmlarni qayta
chizishgan;
- Buxoro vohasi qoyatoshlariga urib-cho‘kichlab tushirilgan rasmlarning ishlanish texnikasi
ancha murakkabdir. Petrogliflar o‘yish, urib-cho‘kichlash, chizish, ishqalash va tirnash texnikalari
asosida bajarilgan. Qoyatosh rasmlarining ishlanish texnikasini amaliy jihatdan o‘rganish qadimiy
tasvirlarning chizilgan davrini aniqlashda muhim ahamiyatga egadir. Yodgorliklardagi qadimiy
rasmlar biroz qo‘pol urib-cho‘kichlangan bo‘lib, sak-skif davri tasvirlari esa, o‘ta noziklik bilan
ishlangan;
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
955
- Yuqorida keltirilgan ma’lumotlardan kelib chiqib aytishimiz mumkinki, Buxoro vohasi
qoyatosh rasmlari qadimgi ajdodlarimizdan qolgan muhim tarixiy manba bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Bu
qoyatosh rasmlari o‘tmish ajdodlarimizning tarixi, kundalik turmush tarzi, diniy, madaniy va
ma’naviy hayoti haqida ma’lumot beruvchi muhim manba ekanligi shak-shubhasizdir. Bu tarixiy-
madaniy yodgorlikni hozirgi holatidagidek qilib saqlashni ta’minlash, ularni har tomonlama
o‘rganish va kelajak avlodga yetkazish bizning asosiy vazifalarimizdan biridir. Bugungi kunda
qoyatosh suratlari ustida olib borilayotgan ilmiy tadqiqot ishlarimiz davom etmoqda.
Yuqoridagi xulosalar asosida quyidagicha
taklif va tavsiyalar
bildirildi:
- Buxoro vohasida mavjud qoyatosh suratlarining mazmun-mohiyatini targ‘ib qiluvchi turli internet
sahifalarini yaratish;
- Buxoro vohasida mavjud qoyatosh suratlarining kam o‘rganilgan va hamon yechimini kutayotgan
qoyatosh suratlarini o‘rganish uchun arxeologik ekspeditsiyalar tashkil qilish;
- Vohada mavjud qoyatosh suratlarini yagona arxeologik kompleksga aylantirish, zamonaviy
texnologiyalar (3D Max dasturi) asosida ularning xaritasini yaratish va bu hududlarga sayyohlarni faol jalb
qilish.
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