ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
57
JAHON IQTISODIY INQIROZI DAVRIDA KANADA IQTISODIYOTI
Srojeva Gulbahor Vahobovna
Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti
Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi o’qituvchisi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10925726
Annotatsiya.
1933 yilning birinchi choragida asosiy ko'rsatkichlarning eng past darajalari
va iqtisodiyotning tadbirkorlik faoliyati, ishlab chiqarish va ishlab chiqarishning jismoniy hajmi,
eksport va import hajmi, ulgurji narxlar va universal do'konlarning chakana savdosi pasayishi
kuzatildi.Yangi investitsiyalar egri chizig'i davom etdi. 1933 yil o'rtalariga qadar pasaydi va
keyinchalik bu o'sish shunchalik ahamiyatsiz ediki, yillik ko'rsatkich 1932 yilga nisbatan past
bo'ldi. 1933 yilning ikkinchi choragida bandlikning eng yuqori darajasi qayd etildi.
Kalit so’zlar:
Kanada,Jahon iqtisodiy inqirozi, xom ashyo, yarim tayyor mahsulotlar,
burjuaziya, fond birja.
THE CANADIAN ECONOMY DURING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS
Abstract.
In the first quarter of 1933, the lowest levels of the main indicators and the
entrepreneurial activity of the economy, the physical volume of production and production, the
volume of exports and imports, wholesale prices and retail sales of department stores were
observed. The curve of new investments continued. It declined until the middle of 1933, and
thereafter the increase was so insignificant that the annual figure was lower than that of 1932.
The highest level of employment was recorded in the second quarter of 1933.
Key words:
Canada, World economic crisis, raw materials, semi-finished products,
bourgeoisie, stock exchange.
КАНАДСКАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА ВО ВРЕМЯ МИРОВОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО
КРИЗИСА
Аннотация.
В первом квартале 1933 года наблюдались самые низкие уровни
основных показателей и предпринимательской активности экономики, физического
объема производства и производства, объема экспорта и импорта, оптовых цен и
розничной торговли универмагов. Кривая новых инвестиций продолжила Оно снижалось
до середины 1933 года, а затем прирост был настолько незначительным, что годовой
показатель оказался ниже, чем в 1932 году. Самый высокий уровень занятости был
зафиксирован во втором квартале 1933 года.
Ключевые слова:
Канада, Мировой экономический кризис, сырье, полуфабрикаты,
буржуазия, фондовая биржа.
Jahon kapital bozoriga asosiy xom ashyo va yarim tayyor mahsulotlar yetkazib beruvchi
Kanadaning o'ziga xos vaziyati tufayli 20-yillarning oxirida jahon almashinuvining buzilishi va
tabiiy ofatlar mamlakat iqtisodiyotiga ayniqsa noqulay ta'sir ko'rsatdi. . So'nggi yillarda ishlab
chiqarishning sustlashuvi ko'lami bo'yicha va inqirozning halokatliligi nuqtai nazaridan Kanada
jahon iqtisodiy inqirozining markazi sifatida AQShdan ancha orqada edi.
Turg'unlikning aniq belgilari 1928 yildayoq o'zini ko’rsatdi, ammo ular Kanadadagi biznes
va siyosiy soha vakillari tomonidan e'tiborga olinmadi. Ular 1929-yil oxirida avjiga chiqqan
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
58
qimmatli qog‘ozlar va qimmatli qog‘ozlar bo‘yicha chayqovchilik orgiyasidan ham xavotirga
tushishmadi. Hatto 1929-yilning oktabr va noyabr oylarida Nyu York fond birjasida, shuningdek,
Monreal va Toronto fond birjalarida millionlab aksiyalarning vahima sotilishi ham ularni
tashvishga solmadi. , Kanada burjuaziyasi o'rtasida dastlabki uch yeti yillikda ildiz otgan "iqtisodiy
haddan tashqari yaqinlik va abadiy "farovonlik" illyuziyasini silkitish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. XX
asr qimmatli qog'ozlar bozorining qulashi dastlab shunchaki spekulyativ bum (chayqovchi urilish
portlash)natijasida qimmatli qog'ozlar narxining pasayishiga "texnik tuzatish" sifatida qaraldi.
Kanada Bankirlar Assotsiatsiyasi 1930 yil yanvar oyida aksiyalarning qadrsizlanishi
tendentsiyasini e'tiborsiz qoldirib, umumiy indeks, ishbilarmonlik faolligining biroz pasayishiga
e’tiborsiz qaradi. Bu takabburlik ham xarakterli edi. mamlakatning siyosiy rahbarlari, shu
jumladan Kanada hukumati rahbari Liberal Bosh vazir King. o'z kundaligida 1929 yilning
oxirigacha har kuni juda ko'p mayda narsalarni, shu jumladan uning qarorgohidagi Puare
Hakayadagi yotoqxonaning devorlari boshqa rangga bo'yalganligi, Klemenso vafot etgani va
hokazolarni qayd etgan. uning uzun yozuvlarida birja fondi haqida esa hech qanday gap yo'q
Bir necha oydan beri xavotirli signal berib, iqtisodiy jihatdan qichqira boshlagan.
1930 yil bahorida parlament sessiyasi mamlakatni 1929 yil oxiridagi tanazzuldan so'ng
Kanada yaxshi davrlarga qaytganiga ishontirishga harakat qildi. Hatto 1920 yil iyun oyida kapital
sanoatchilarning yog'och zavodi prezidenti sessiyada yaxshilanishning ba'zi jonli bo'lmagan
belgilari allaqachon mavjudligini ta'kidlashga jur'at etdi.
Ko'p jihatdan eksportga yo'naltirilgan Kanada iqtisodiyoti uchun jahon narxlari
strukturasini yo'q qilish halokatli oqibatlarga olib keladi. 1929 yildan boshlab barcha iqtisodiy
ko'rsatkichlar qor to'pi kabi pastga tushdi. 1933 yil boshiga kelib sanoat ishlab chiqarishi ikki
baravar, bandlik uchdan bir qismga qisqardi, ishsizlik 700 ming kishidan oshdi. Dashtlardagi
chang bo'ronlari quyoshni ko'mib, tabiatning o'z-o'zidan paydo bo'lgan g'alayonini iqtisodiy
inqirozning barham topishi bilan birlashtirdi
Sanoat aholini ro'yxatga olish ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 1932 yil boshida sanoat ishlab
chiqarish quvvatlaridan foydalanish protektsionizm bilan himoyalangan mashinasozlikda 25% dan
to'qimachilik sanoatida 70% gacha o'zgarib turardi. Po'lat sanoati ishlab chiqarishni 1920 yil
darajasidan 10% gacha, avtomobil ishlab chiqarishni 16 taga, harakat tarkibi zavodlari va quyish
zavodlari 25% gacha qisqartirdi.
1933 yilning birinchi choragida asosiy ko'rsatkichlarning eng past darajalari va
iqtisodiyotning tadbirkorlik faoliyati, ishlab chiqarish va ishlab chiqarishning jismoniy hajmi,
eksport va import hajmi, ulgurji narxlar va universal do'konlarning chakana savdosi pasayishi
kuzatildi.Yangi investitsiyalar egri chizig'i davom etdi. 1933 yil o'rtalariga qadar pasaydi va
keyinchalik bu o'sish shunchalik ahamiyatsiz ediki, yillik ko'rsatkich 1932 yilga nisbatan past
bo'ldi. 1933 yilning ikkinchi choragida bandlikning eng yuqori darajasi qayd etildi.
Xodimlar soni taxminan bir xil darajada saqlanib qoldi va ularning o'rtacha ish haqi deyarli
10% ga kamaydi. Ishchilar soni 45 foizga, ish haqi esa o‘rtacha 15 foizga kamaydi. Shubhasiz,
mehnatning intensivlashuvi ortdi. Agar 1929 yilda ishlab chiqarish sanoatida bir ishchiga o'rtacha
3 ming ulush nisbatan sof mahsulot (qo'shilgan qiymat) to'g'ri kelgan bo'lsa, 1932 yilda u
allaqachon 3430 dollarni tashkil etdi.
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2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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1937 yilgacha asosiy fondlarga yangi xususiy investitsiyalar amortizatsiyani qoplamadi.
Inqiroz asosiy kapitalni takror ishlab chiqarish jarayonini chuqur izdan chiqardi va bu jarayon
Ikkinchi jahon urushi boshlanishiga qadar hech qachon normal holatga qaytmadi.
Zararli tarmoqlardan kapitalni o'tkazish bir qancha sabablarga ko'ra qiyin bo'lgan, ulardan
eng muhimi Kanadaning xorijiy kapitalga qattiq qaramligi edi. 1930 yilda Kanada biznesiga va
davlat obligatsiyalariga qo'yilgan barcha investitsiyalarning 40% ga yaqini u yoki bu shaklda
xorijiy mulkdorlarga tegishli edi. 1928-1929 yillarda Tashqi qarz majburiyatlari va xorijiy
aktsiyadorlarning dividendlari eksport va xizmatlardan tushgan barcha tushumlarning 1% ni va
1932-1933 yillarda o'zlashtirildi. "Qayta kapitallashuv" hodisasi ayniqsa yaqqol namoyon bo'lgan
eksport tarmoqlarida xorijiy kapitalning muhim roli kapitalning boshqa tarmoqlarga harakatini
deyarli istisno qildi. "Eksport tarmoqlaridagi katta miqdordagi kapitalni boshqa sohalarga
aylantirib bo'lmaydi ", - deyiladi qirollik komissiyasining federal-viloyat munosabatlari bo'yicha
hisobotida."
Inqiroz yillarida ishchilar sinfi, dehqonlar va o'rta qatlamlar ommasining iste'moli keskin
qisqardi. Ichki bozorga xizmat ko‘rsatuvchi barcha tarmoqlarda eksport tarmoqlari kabi ishlab
chiqarish va aholi bandligining deyarli bir xil qisqarishi kuzatildi. 1930 yilda AQShda qabul
qilingan va Kanada iqtisodiyotining qishloq xo'jaligi va eksport tarmoqlariga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan
protektsionistik Xouli-Smoot tarifiga, shuningdek, 1932 yilda Kanadadan AQShga olib kelingan
yog'och va misga qo'shimcha bojlarning kiritilishiga qarshi chiqdi. o'z navbatida Kanada hukumati
protektsionizmni kuchaytirdi. Bu burjuaziya va sanoatchilarning ichki bozorga yo'naltirilgan
qismining manfaatlariga javob berdi.
Protektsionizmning kuchayishi Kanada burjuaziyasi uchun bir qator kutilmagan
oqibatlarga olib keldi, ulardan asosiysi Amerika kapitalining kengayishining o'sishi (asosan,
mamlakatda qolgan Amerika kompaniyalarining daromadlarini investitsiya qilish shaklida). Bu
yillar davomida u unchalik yangi loyihalar yaratmadi
Kichik ishlab chiqarish va metall ishlab chiqarishni ekspropriatsiya qilish tizimida metan
fikr uyasi muhim o'rin egalladi. Inqirozning eng past nuqtasida monopoliya maqsadlari 1925 yil
darajasining atigi 87 foizida ishlaydi; yaqinda kartel kelishuvlari narxlarni 81 foizdan pastga
tushirdi. Va shu bilan birga, raqobat sharoitida shakllangan jarimalar (2-hozirgi qishloq xo'jaligi
mahsulotlari bozoridagi narxlarda 48,4% darajasiga. L. Bu sakrashda, tizim monopol jazolar
inqirozdan chiqish vaqtini qiyinlashtirdi va kechiktirdi".
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