ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
960
BUYUK IPAK YO’LI
Xushiyeva Muxlisa
Osiyo xalqaro unversteti tarix yo’nalishi talabasi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11033484
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqola qadimgi Buyuk Ipak yo’li xaqida. Buyuk Ipak yo’li XVI
asrgacha ya’ni buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar davriga qadar sharq va g’arb mamlakatlari orasida
katta axamiyatga ega bo’lgan. Tarixchilar dastlab bu yo’lni buyuk meridanal yo’l deb ham
nomlashgan.
Kalit So’zlar:
Xitoy, Xan, Qang’, Parfiya, Rim, Ferdinand Paul Vilgilim Rixitgofen, U-di,
Chjan Siyan, Xun, Xotan, Davan, Baqtrya, Zariasp, Fu Xao, In, Xenan, A’non, Ishtaxry, Nautak.
THE GREAT SILK ROAD
Abstract.
Three articles about the Great Silk Road. The Great Silk Road was of great
importance between Eastern and Western countries until the 16th century, that is, until the era of
great geographical discoveries. Historians called this road the Great Meridian Road.
Key Words:
China, Han, Kang', Parthia, Rome, Ferdinand Paul Wilhelm Richithofen, U-
di, Zhang Siyan, Hun, Khotan, Davan, Bactria, Zariasp, Fu Hao, In, Henan, A'non, Ishtakry,
Nautak.
ВЕЛИКИЙ ШЕЛКОВЫЙ ПУТЬ
Аннотация.
Три статьи о великом Великом Шелковом пути. Великий шелковый
путь имел большое значение между странами Востока и Запада вплоть до XVI века, то
есть до эпохи великих географических открытий. Историки назвали эту дорогу Великой
меридиональной дорогой.
Ключевое Словa:
Китай, Хань, Канг, Парфия, Рим, Фердинанд Пауль Вильгельм
Рихитхофен, У-ди, Чжан Сян, Хун, Хотан, Давань, Бактрия, Зариасп, Фу Хао, Инь, Хэнань,
Анон, Иштакри, Наутак.
KIRISH
Milodan avvalgi I ming yillikning oxiri milodiy I ming yillikning boshlariga kelib Tinch
okeanidan Atlantika okeanigacha cho’zilgan ulkan geografik hudud madaniyati yuksak
rivojlangan sivilizatsiyalarning yagona tizimiga birlashadi. Bu hududda joylashgan davlatlar
Xitoydagi Xan saltanati, kushon podsholigi, Qang’ davlati, Parfiya davlati, Rim saltanatining
chegaralari bir-biriga tutash edi. Ushbu zabardast saltanatlar va sivilizatsiyalar markazlari
insoniyat tarixida birinchi bo’lib “Buyuk Ipak yo’li’’ deb nomlanuvchi bir yo’l bilan bog’landilar.
Umumiy uzunligi 12 ming km bo’lib Xitoydan O’rta Yer dengizining shimoliy
qirg’oqlariga qadar cho’zilgan bu yo’l orqali ko’pgina xalqlar va elatlar turli tamonlama
munosabatlar o’rnatadilar. Podsholarning o’zaro elchilar yuborishlari, bir-biriga turli xil sovg’alar
in’om etishlari an’anaga aylandi. Sharq bilan g’arb madaniyatining bir-biriga ta’siri kuchaydi. Bu
yo’lga XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmida ya’ni 1877-yilda nemis olimi Ferdinand Paul Vilgilim
Rixitgofen tamonidan ilk marta ‘’Ipak Yo’li’’ degan nom tilga olinadi va keyinchalik butun dunyo
tadqiqoqchilari tamonidan e’tirof etiladi.
Asosiy qisim
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
961
Bu Ipak yo’ling qisqacha tarixiga nazar tashalaydigan bo’sak, Xan imperiyariyasining U-
di hukmronligi davrida (mil. avv.140.86) mamlakatning g’arbiy hududlariga bo’lgan qiziqish
kuchaydi. Xitoyliklar bu hududlarga bo’lgan qiziqish kuchaydi. Xitoyliklar bu hududlarda o’sha
davrda ancha xavfli bo’lgan harbiy kuchlar Xunlar bilan to’qnashadilar. Xunlarga qarshi
ittifoqchilar topish uchun imperator U-di mil.avv.138- yilda diplomat, sayohatchi va savdogar
Chjan Syanni O’rta Osiyoga jo’natadi. CHjan Siyan bir necha yil xunlar qo’lida asirlikda bo’ladi
va mil.avv.128-126-yillarda Farg’ona (Davanga) keladi. Davan hokum dorlari bilan harbiy ittifoq
tuzishda muvoffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan Chjan Syan ko’p qiyinchiliklardan so’ng yurtiga qaytib
keladi. Chjan Syan missiyasi Xitoy uchun g’arbiy o’lkalarga chiqishda muhim ahamiyatga ega
bo’ldi. Miloddan avvalgi 111-115-yillarda imperator U-di Parfiya podsholariga, Qang’
davlatlariga keyinroq esa Baqtirya yerlariga o’z elchilarini yuborib ular bilan diplamatik va savdo
aloqalarini o’rnatadi. Shu tariqa milloddan avvalgi II-I asrlarda sharq bilan g’arbni bog’lovchi
Buyuk Ipak yo’liga asos solinadi. Ammo bugungi kunda olib borilayotgan ko’plab tadqiqotlar va
izlanishlar natijasida bu faktni to’ri deb ham atay olmaymiz. Chunki elchi bu yo’lning qadimoy
Xitoy bilan Turkiston shaharlarigacha bo’lgan qismini ochib bergan.
Elchigacha bo’lgan ming yildan ortiq davr davomida Yevropa va Yaqin Sharq
davlatlaridan O’zbekiston orqali Xitoyga boradigan savdo yo’li mavjud bo’lgan. Unda asosan
turkistonliklar faoliyat ko’rsatgan. Xitoy manbalariga chuqurroq yondashilsa “Buyuk Ipak yo’li”
kamida 3-4 ming yillik tarixga ega ekanligi ma’lum bo’ladi. Buni arxeologik manbalar ham
tasdiqlaydi. Masalan so’ngi 30 yil davomida Xitoy arxeologlari tamonidan qadimiy Xitoy
viloyatlaridan topilgan ashyoviy dalillar ushbu fikrni tasdiqlaydi. Chunonchi 1976- yili Xenan
o’lkasi A’non viloyatida joylashgan In xonligi hukmdori Udinning (mil.av. 1365-1324) kanizagi
Fu Xao qabri Xitoy arxeologlari tamonidan ochilganda uning ichidan ko’p miqdorda qosh toshidan
yasalgan buyumlar topilgan. Maxsus tekshirish va tadqiqotlar natijasida qabr ichidan olingan 1928
ta buyumdan 756 tasi oq, qora, yashil, novot va sariq rangli qosh toshlaridan nihoyatda ustalik
bilan bundan 3,5 mimg yil muqaddam Xitoy bilan Xo’tan orasida savdo yo’li mavjud
bo’lganliging isbotidir.
Hozirgi Shinjong Uyg’ur Muxtor o’lkasida ham miloddan avvalgi IV-III asrlarga oid
qabrlar ichida Xitoyda lakdan yasalgan likopcha, bronza va boshqa metaldan yasalgan oynaklar
topilgan. Ushbu ashyoviy dalillar Chjan Syangacha ham qadimiy Xitoydan g’arb tamonga qarab
yuriladigan yo’llar mavjud ekanligini ko’rsatadi.
Miloddan avvalgi IV-III asrlarda qadimiy Xitoyda ishlab chiqilgan ipak matolarning
Hindiston va Yevropa mamlakatlarida keng tarqalishi ham Chjan Syanning Farg’onaga borishidan
avval Xitoyda Janubiy Osiyo va Yevropa mamlakatlariga O’zbekiston orqali o’tadigan qadimiy
savdo yo’li borligini ko’rsatadi.
O’z davrida nihoyatda katta ahamiyatga ega bo’lgan bu yo’lning dastlabki tarmog’I
Xitoydagi Sian shahridan boshlanib, Sharqiy Turkiston O’rta Osiyo Eron Mesapatamiaya orqali
O’rta Yer dendiziga qadar cho’zilgan. Akademik Ahmadali Asqarov ma’lumotlariga qaraganda
“Buyuk Ipak yo’li” yuqorida ta’kidlanganidek Xitoyning qadimiy markazi Siandan boshlanib
Lanchjau orqali Dunxungach boradi. U yerda u ikki tarmoqqa bo’linadi.
1.Janubi-g’arbiy tarmoq
2.SHimoli g’arbiy tarmoq
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
962
Ipak yo’lining janubi-g’arbiy tarmog’I Taklamokon sahrosi orqali Xotan (Xo’tan) undan
Yorkentga kelib Pomir tog’ining daralari orqali Voxanga, undan Baqtiryaning bosh shahri
Zariaspga (Balx) kelgan. Balxda yo’l yana uch tarmoqqa ajraladi. G’arbiy tarmog’I Mavrga,
Janubiy tarmog’i Hindistonga, shimoliy tarmog’i Darband, Nautak, Samarqandga qarab keladi.
Ipak yo’lining shimoli-g’arbiy tarmog’I esa Dunxundan Bami, Kuchi, Turfon orqali Tarim
vohasiga ya’ni Qashqarga boradi. Bu yerda Toshqo’rgo’n orqali O’zgan, O’sh, Quva, Axsikent,
Popga undan keyin Asht orqali Xo’jand, Zomin, Jizzax, so’ngra Samarqandda Nautak yo’li bilan
birlashadi. Yo’l Samarqanddan g’arbga Dobusiyga, Malik cho’li orqali Buxoro va Romitanga
Undan Varaxsha orqali Boykent va Farobga borib Amul shahriga o’tadi. Amulda Marvdan
Urganch tamon Amu bo’ylab kelayotgan yo’lga qo’shiladi. Ipak yo’lining asosiy karvon
yo’llaridan tashqari ichki savdo yo’llari ham mavjud edi.
Qadimdi Marv shahri o’zing qadimiy an’analari va turli geografik qulayliklariga ko’ra Ipak
yo’lidagi eng yirik shahar edi. Shuning uchun ham Marvda mahalliy din zardushtiylik
ibobodatxonlaridan tashqari Hindistonning budda, Vizantiya xiristian olamining tayanchlari bor
edi
Ipak yo’li va uning jahon madaniy taraqqiyotidagi ahamiyatini o’rganishda
“Tungshi”(Umumiy tarix),”Ziji tunjyan”(hukmdorlar faoliyatiga yordam beruvchi muhim tarixiy
voqealar davomi),”Sing Tangshu”(Tang sulolasining yangi tarixi),”Musulmon tabobati”,”Sinchau
chjilu maoyi shi”(Ipak yo’li savdo aloqalari tarixi),”Yuan shi “(Yuan sulolsi tarixi), “Sayyid Ajjol
shjarasi”, “Syanyang sulolasi”,”Jeng sulolasi shajarasi”,”Ma sulolasi shajarasi”,Jeng Xe sulolasi
tarixi”, shuningdek Suyuan Szyanning “G’arbiy hududlar bo’lab sayohat haqida qaydlar” kabi
xitoy manbalari muhim o’rin tutadi.
Buyuk Ipak yo’lining IV-XIII sarlar davrini o’rganishda Plono Karpini, Rubruk, Marka
Polo (XII), Ibn Faldan (X) kundaliklari, Abu Rayhon Beruniyning “Qadimgi xalqlarda qolgan
yodgorliklar”, ”Hudud ul-olam” (X), Nosir Xusravning “Safarnoma”(XI), Al Hakim at-
Termiziyning “Novro’znoma”, ”Salnoma” (IX), Sadiy SHeroziyning “Sayihatnoma” (XIII), arsab
tarixchilari Istaxriy, Yoqut, Al-Maqsidiylarning Markaziy Osiyo to’risidagi qimmqtli
ma’liumotlar berilgan asarlarida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
Xulosa qilib shuni aytishimiz mumkinki qadimgi karvon yo’llarining yo’nalishi faqatgina
geografik shart-sharoitlar bilan bog’liq bo’lmagan, ba’zi vodiylar orqali o’tadigan karvon yo’llari
vaqt o’tishi bilan o’z ahamiyatini yo’qotib ketar edi. Ammo Buyuk Ipak yo’li ko’p asrlar davomida
sharq va g’arb mamlakatlar hayotida juda katta ahamiyatga ega bo’lgan. Bu yo’l orqali olib
borilgan ko’plab savdo va diplamatik munosabatlar orqali mamlakatlarning bir-biriga madaniy va
ma’rifiy ta’siri kuchayadi.
REFERENCES
1.
Uktam Mavlonov “Markaziy Osiyoning qadimgi yo’llari ”Akademiya nashriyoti Toshkent
2008 2. Akbar Zamonov “O’rta asr tarixiy shaxslari hayotining ayrim noma’lum sahifalari”
Bayoz nashriyoti Toshkent 2020
2.
Yakubova Shaxnoza Abdurahmonovna. Buyik Ipak yo’lida joylashgan shaxarlar. Qarshi
2019.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
963
3.
Bobohusenov, A. (2024). THE RESULTS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
WORKS CARRIED OUT IN BACTRIA.
Modern Science and Research
,
3
(2), 671–675.
Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science research/article/view/30363
4.
Ashurovich, B. A. (2024). Results of the Archaeological Research Works Carried Out in
Bactria.
EUROPEAN
JOURNAL
OF
INNOVATION
IN
NONFORMAL
EDUCATION
,
4
(3),
113–119.
Retrieved
from
https://www.inovatus.es/index.php/ejine/article/view/2686
5.
Bobohusenov, A. (2024). HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF BUKHARA OASIS.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
3
(2),
634–640.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/29429
6.
Akmal, B., & Ismat, N. (2023). BAQTRIYANING BRONZA DAVRI ARXEOLOGIYA
YODGORLIKLARINING JOYLASHUVI VA MODDIY MADANIYATI. Innovations in
Technology and Science Education, 2 (8), 73–80.
7.
Akmal B. (2024). THE GREAT WALL OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES - KANPIRAK
WALL.
Modern
Science
and
Research,
3(1),
694–698.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/28381
8.
Bobohusenov Akmal. (2023). BUXORO VOHSINING ANTIK DAVRI SHISHA
BUYUMLARI.
TADQIQOTLAR
,
25
(2),
208–211.
Retrieved
from
http://tadqiqotlar.uz/index.php/new/article/view/307
9.
Bobohusenov Akmal Ashurovich. (2023). THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE
TOMBS OF THE ANCIENT AND EARLY MEDIEVAL PERIOD.
International Journal
Of
History
And
Political
Sciences
,
3
(11),
24–29.
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue11-06
10.
Bobohusenov Akmal. (2023). ANTIK VA ILK O‘RTA ASRLAR DAVRI MOZOR-
QO‘RG‘ONLARI MODDIY MADANIYATI .
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ
ИДЕИ
В
МИРЕ
,
35
(3),
65–70.
Retrieved
from
https://www.newjournal.org/index.php/01/article/view/10037
11.
Tursunova, M., & Bobohusenov, A. (2023). QADIMGI VARAXSHA DEVORIY
GANCH
VA
LOY
BEZAKLARI.
SCHOLAR,
1(28),
303–308.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10026873
12.
Bobohusenov Akmal. (2023). BUXORO VOHSINING ANTIK DAVRI SHISHA
BUYUMLARI.
TADQIQOTLAR
,
25
(2),
208–211.
Retrieved
from
http://tadqiqotlar.uz/index.php/new/article/view/307
13.
Bobohusenov Akmal Ashurovich. (2023). VARAKHSHA MURAL GANCH AND CLAY
PAINTINGS.
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
,
3
(12), 48–53.
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue12-09
14.
Bobohusenov Akmal, & Naimov Ismat. (2023). BAQTRIYANING BRONZA DAVRI
ARXEOLOGIYA
YODGORLIKLARINING
JOYLASHUVI
VA
MODDIY
MADANIYATI.
Innovations in Technology and Science Education
,
2
(8), 73–80.
Retrieved from
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
964
15.
Bobohusenov
A.
(2023).
BUXORO
VOHASINING
ANTIK
DAVRI
YODGORLIKLARI.
SCHOLAR
,
1
(28),
298–302.
Retrieved
from
https://researchedu.org/index.php/openscholar/article/view/5055
16.
Bobohusenov Akmal. (2023). BUXORO VOHASI QOYATOSH SURATLARINING
DAVRIY TASNIFI.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В
МИРЕ
,
29
(1),
142–146.
Retrieved
from
https://newjournal.org/index.php/01/article/view/8667
17.
Bobohusenov, A., & Ganiyev, H. (2024). ORIGIN PROBLEMS OF SAK
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE OF CENTRAL ASIA. MODERN SCIENCE AND
RESEARCH, 3(2), 641–645.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10667306
18.
Gulamova D. (2024). EUPHEMISM INTERPRETATION IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
LANGUAGE.
Modern Science and Research
,
3
(1), 817–823. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/28458
19.
Gulamova, D. (2023). METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE CULTURE OF
USING EUPHEMISMS IN 9TH GRADE NATIVE LANGUAGE CLASSES.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(12),
483–493.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/26960
20.
Gulamova, D. I. (2023). 5-6-SINF ONA TILI DARSLARIDA EVFEMIZMLARDAN
FOYDALANISH MADANIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISH USULLARI.
21.
Gulamova, D. I. (2023). EVFEMIZMLAR O ‘QUVCHI NUTQ MADANIYATINI
RIVOJLANTIRUVCHI OMIL SIFATIDA.
22.
Gulamova, D. (2024). EXPLORING EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODS:
STRATEGIES
FOR
ENGAGING
LEARNERS
AND
FOSTERING
UNDERSTANDING. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 658–663. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/29434
23.
Gulamova,
D.
I.
(2023).
NUTQ
MАDАNIYATI
INSОNIYAT
UMUMMАDАNIYATINING BIR QISMI. Educational Research in Universal
Sciences, 2(4
SPECIAL),
981–985.
Retrieved
from
http://erus.uz/index.php/er/article/view/2985
24.
Gulamova, D. (2024). EXPLORING EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODS:
STRATEGIES
FOR
ENGAGING
LEARNERS
AND
FOSTERING
UNDERSTANDING. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 658–663. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/29434
25.
Bobojonova D. (2024). MANIFESTATION OF LEXEMES RELATED TO THE
PROFESSION OF BLACKSMITHING IN FOLK PROVERBS.
Modern Science and
Research
,
3
(1),
687–693.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-
26.
Bobojonova, D. (2024). TYPES OF OCCUPATIONS RELATED TO THE LIFE OF THE
UZBEK PEOPLE (within the profession of blacksmithing).
Modern Science and
Research
,
3
(2),
739–746.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-
. More Citation Formats
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
965
27.
Okhunjonovna, B. D. (2024). Analysis of Folk Proverbs Based on Medicine.
EUROPEAN
JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN NONFORMAL EDUCATION
,
4
(3), 125-131.
28.
Oxunjonovna, B. D. (2023). MAHMUD QOSHG'ARIYNING “DEVONU LUGOTIT
TURK” DAGI SHAKLINI HAM, MAZMUNINI HAM SAQLAGAN IDIOMALAR
TAHLILI.
29.
Bobojonova Dilnoza Okhunjonovna. (2023). Mahmud Kashgari’s Work "Devonu Lug’otit
Turk" is an Important Scientific Heritage.
American Journal of Language, Literacy and
Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
,
1
(10), 538–543. Retrieved from
https://grnjournal.us/index.php/STEM/article/view/2169
30.
Bobojonova, D. (2023). MAHMUD KASHGARI’S WORK "DEVONU LUG’OTIT
TURK" IS AN IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE.
Modern Science and
Research
,
2
(12), 742–748. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-
31.
Bobojonova, D. (2023). THE ROLE OF MAHMUD KASHGARI’S WORK "DEVONU
LUG’OTIT TURK" IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(4),
568–5672.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/19394
32.
More Citation Formats
33.
Okhunjonovna, B. D. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Proverbs in "Devonu Lug`Otit
Turk" and Currently Available.
European Journal of Higher Education and Academic
Advancement
,
1
(2),
194–198.
Retrieved
from
science.com/index.php/EJHEAA/article/view/139
34.
Bobojonova Dilnoza Okhunjonovna. (2023). A Proverb is a Product of Folk
Wisdom.
American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education
(2993-2769)
,
1
(9),
333–338.
Retrieved
from
https://grnjournal.us/index.php/STEM/article/view/1509
35.
Oxunjonovna,
B.
D.
(2022).
O'ZBEK
TILSHUNOSLIGIDA
LISSONIY
INTERFERENSIYANING KO'RINISHLARI.
PEDAGOGS jurnali
,
14
(1), 22-25.
36.
Bobojonova, D. (2023). THE IMPORTANCE OF UZBEK FOLK PROVERBS.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(10),
670–675.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/25751
37.
More Citation Formats
38.
Bobojonova, D. (2023). MAHMOUD QOSHGARI’S ”DEVONU LEXICOTIT TURK"
AND ITS PLACE IN LINGUISTICS.
Modern Science and Research
,
2
(10), 538–540.
Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/24506
39.
Bobojonova, D. (2023). ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS THAT PRESERVE BOTH FORM
AND CONTENT
IN MAHMUD KASHGARI’S "DEVONU
LUG`OTIT
TURK".
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(9),
64–67.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/23909
40.
Gadayeva M. (2024). ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE VEIL OR MEDIEVAL
WOMEN’S DRESS.
Modern Science and Research
,
3
(2), 1097–1103. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/29537
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
966
41.
Universiteti, G. M. M. O. X. (2023). UCHINCHI RENESANS DAVRIDA
AJDODLARIMIZ MEROSINI ORGANISH ORQALI INTEGRATSION TA’LIMNI
YANADA TAKOMILLASHTIRISH TAMOYILLARI: ЧАСТЬ 1 ТОМ 1 ИЮЛЬ 2023
год.
Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования
,
1
(1), 11-16.
42.
Gadayeva
Mohigul
Muxamedovna.
(2023).
HISTORY
OF
PATRIOTIC
WOMEN.
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
,
3
(12), 69–75.
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue12-12
43.
Gadayeva, M. (2023). THE UNIQUE SIGNIFICANCE OF MASTERING SOCIAL
SCIENCES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW UZBEKISTAN.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(10),
459–464.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/25292
44.
Gadayeva, M. (2024). EFFECTIVE WAYS TO USE THE "THOUGHTSTORM"
METHOD ON THE THEME OF THE "EASTERN RENAISSANCE" ERA.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
3
(1),
1024–1027.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/28631
45.
Gadayeva, M. (2024). ATTACK ACTION.
Modern Science and Research
,
3
(1), 1028–
1033. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/28634
46.
Gadayeva M. (2023). ONE OF THE TIMURID QUEENS IS BIBIKHONIM.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(12),
749–754.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/27189
47.
Gadayeva Mohigul Muxamedovna. (2023). INNOVATSION TA`LIM-BUYUK
KELAJAK POYDEVORI.
World Scientific Research Journal
,
17
(1), 74–76. Retrieved
from
http://www.wsrjournal.com/index.php/wsrj/article/view/2767
48.
Хасанова,
Ш.
Б.
(2023).
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ
ВЫРАЗИТЕЛЬНЫХ
ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В РУССКИХ ПОСЛОВИЦАХ.
49.
Хасанова, Ш. Б. (2023). РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ СИСТЕМНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
РУССКОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В ПОСЛОВИЦАХ И ПОГОВОРКАХ.
Finland International
Scientific Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities
,
11
(4), 1220-1226.
50.
Хасанова, Ш. (2024). PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.
MODERN
SCIENCE
АND
RESEARCH,
3(4),
128–133.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10936168
51.
Баходировна Х. Ш. . (2024). Из Истории Изучения Пословиц И Поговорок.
Miasto
Przyszłości
,
46
,
513–520.
Retrieved
from
https://miastoprzyszlosci.com.pl/index.php/mp/article/view/2892
52.
Хасанова, Ш. (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10651477. MODERN SCIENCE
AND RESEARCH, 3(2), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10651477
53.
Xasanova, S. (2024). DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROVERB AND SAYING. MODERN
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH, 3(1), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10467418
54.
Xasanova, S., & murodova, D. (2023). REPRESENTATION OF THE SYSTEMIC
RELATIONS OF RUSSIAN VOCABULARY IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(10),
276–280.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/24346
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
967
55.
Xasanova, S. (2023). USING EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY IN RUSSIAN
PROVERBS.
Modern Science and Research
,
2
(10), 403–408. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/25248
56.
Hasanova, S. (2023). SYSTEM RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
VOCABULARY.
Modern Science and Research
,
2
(9), 72–74. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/23900
57.
Баходировна, Х. Ш. (2023). Гендерная Лексика В Русском Языке.
International
Journal
of
Formal
Education
,
2
(11),
324–331.
Retrieved
from
http://journals.academiczone.net/index.php/ijfe/article/view/1505
58.
Rahmonova, S. (2023). DYNAMICS AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SPIRITUAL AND
CULTURAL REFORMS IMPLEMENTED IN UZBEKISTAN. Modern Science and
Research, 2(10), 850-854
59.
Shuhrat kizi, R. S. (2023). The Development of Spiritual and Cultural Reforms in the
Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan. International Journal of Culture and Modernity,
32, 61–66Rahmonova, S. (2023).
60.
YUKSAK MA’NAVİYATLİ AVLOD-UCHİNCHİ RENESSANS BUNYODKORLARİ.
Наука и технология в современном мире, 2(3), 76-79.
61.
Rahmonova, S. (2023). YANGI O ‘ZBEKISTONDA MA’NAVIY-MADANIY
ISLOHOTLAR. Current approaches and new research in modern sciences, 2(10), 40-43
