BUXORO AMIRLIGINING QURILISH TARIXI: MADANIY VA ARXITEKTURA TARAQQIYOTI MEROSI

Feruz  Sayfutdinov

doi:10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.58059

Authors

Feruz Sayfutdinov

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.58059

Keywords:

Oʻrta Osiyo Buxoro amirligi diniy urf-odatlar shaharsozlik diniy inshootlar madaniy meros masjidlar madrasalar karvonsaroylar.

Abstract

Oʻrta Osiyoda joylashgan Buxoro amirligi asrlar davomida muhim siyosiy, madaniy va meʼmoriy markaz boʻlib kelgan. Uning qurilish tarixi amirlikning rivojlanayotgan ijtimoiy-siyosiy tuzilishini, diniy urf-odatlari va badiiy ta'sirini aks ettiradi. Ushbu maqolada Buxoro amirligining meʼmoriy bosqichlari oʻrganilib, uning shaharsozlik, diniy inshootlari hamda mahalliy materiallar va uslublardan foydalanishga eʼtibor qaratiladi. Amirlik tarixidagi muhim davrlarni o‘rganib, biz uning hukmdorlari O‘rta Osiyo madaniy landshaftiga qanday qilib abadiy meros qoldirganliklarini aniqlaymiz.

852

ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 10

BUXORO AMIRLIGINING QURILISH TARIXI: MADANIY VA ARXITEKTURA

TARAQQIYOTI MEROSI

Sayfutdinov Feruz Ilniyazovich

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti Tarix va Filologiya kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi.

Tel: +998936857755. E- mail:

sferuz1011@gmail.com

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14539713

Annotatsiya. Oʻrta Osiyoda joylashgan Buxoro amirligi asrlar davomida muhim siyosiy,

madaniy va meʼmoriy markaz boʻlib kelgan. Uning qurilish tarixi amirlikning rivojlanayotgan

ijtimoiy-siyosiy tuzilishini, diniy urf-odatlari va badiiy ta'sirini aks ettiradi. Ushbu maqolada

Buxoro amirligining meʼmoriy bosqichlari oʻrganilib, uning shaharsozlik, diniy inshootlari

hamda mahalliy materiallar va uslublardan foydalanishga eʼtibor qaratiladi. Amirlik tarixidagi

muhim davrlarni o‘rganib, biz uning hukmdorlari O‘rta Osiyo madaniy landshaftiga qanday qilib

abadiy meros qoldirganliklarini aniqlaymiz.

Kalit so’zlar: Oʻrta Osiyo, Buxoro amirligi, diniy urf-odatlar, shaharsozlik, diniy

inshootlar, madaniy meros, masjidlar, madrasalar, karvonsaroylar.

THE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE: A LEGACY OF

CULTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract. The Bukhara Emirate, located in Central Asia, has been an important political,

cultural, and architectural center for centuries. Its architectural history reflects the evolving socio-

political structure of the emirate, its religious traditions, and its artistic influence. This article

examines the architectural stages of the Bukhara Emirate, focusing on its urban planning,

religious structures, and the use of local materials and styles. By examining key periods in the

emirate's history, we will determine how its rulers left an enduring legacy on the cultural

landscape of Central Asia.

Keywords: Central Asia, Bukhara Emirate, religious traditions, urban planning, religious

structures, cultural heritage, mosques, madrasas, caravanserais.

ИСТОРИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА БУХАРСКОГО ЭМИРАТА: НАСЛЕДИЕ

КУЛЬТУРНОГО И АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Аннотация. Бухарский эмират, расположенный в Центральной Азии, на

протяжении веков был важным политическим, культурным и архитектурным центром.

История его строительства отражает развивающуюся социально-политическую

структуру эмирата, религиозные традиции и художественное влияние. В данной статье

рассматриваются архитектурные этапы Бухарского эмирата, уделяя особое внимание

его городскому планированию, религиозным постройкам, а также использованию местных

853

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материалов и стилей. Изучая важные периоды истории Эмирата, мы узнаем, как его

правители оставили неизгладимое наследие на культурном ландшафте Центральной Азии.

Ключевые слова: Средняя Азия, Бухарский эмират, религиозные традиции,

градостроительство, культовые сооружения, культурное наследие, мечети, медресе,

караван-сараи.

Kirish

Hozirgi O‘zbekiston hududida joylashgan Buxoro amirligi 16-asrdan to 19-asr oxirlarida

Rossiya imperiyasiga qo‘shib olinishigacha Markaziy Osiyo tarixida markaziy o‘rin tutgan.

Oʻzining boy madaniy merosi bilan mashhur Buxoroning shaharsozlik va meʼmoriy

taraqqiyoti mintaqaning tarixiy ahamiyatidan dalolat beradi.

Amirlikning qurilish ishlari uning Ipak yo‘lidagi diniy va iqtisodiy markaz maqomini aks

ettirdi. Uning shahar oʻzagi boʻlgan Buxoro shahri islom meʼmorchiligining tirik muzeyiga,

jumladan masjidlar, madrasalar, karvonsaroylar va bozor majmualariga aylandi. Ushbu tadqiqot

amirlikning qurilish tarixini o'rganib, arxitektura va shaharsozlik hukmdorlarining siyosiy va

madaniy ustuvorliklarini qanday o'zida mujassam etganligini ta'kidlaydi.

__________________________________________

Tarixiy kontekst

Buxoro amirligi 16-asrda Temuriylar saltanatining tanazzulga uchrashi ortidan

Shayboniylar sulolasi hukmronligi ostida vujudga kelgan. Shayboniylar meʼmoriy tiklanish

davrini boshlab berdilar, amirlikning koʻpgina ramziy inshootlariga poydevor qoʻyishdi.

Keyinchalik amirlik 18-asr oʻrtalarida Jonidlar (Astraxoniylar) sulolasi, keyinchalik esa

mangʻitlar sulolasi tasarrufiga oʻtgan.

Buxoro mashhur islom markazi bo‘lib, uni ko‘pincha “Islom ustuni” deb ham atashadi.

Shahar me'morchiligi uning diniy e'tiborini aks ettirdi, ko'plab inshootlar islomiy ta'lim va

ibodat markazlari bo'lib xizmat qildi. Uning qurilish faoliyatida fors va temuriylar anʼanalarini

oʻzida mujassamlashtirgan holda islom meʼmoriy uslublari chuqur taʼsir koʻrsatgan.

________________________________________________

Amirlikning poytaxti Buxoro shaharning markazlashgan joylashuvi bilan ajralib turardi.

Ark qal'asi va Po-i-Kalyan majmuasi kabi muhim diqqatga sazovor joylar shaharning

siluetini belgilab berdi. Shahar infratuzilmasi qurg'oqchil muhitda shahar hayotini ta'minlovchi

ariqlar deb nomlanuvchi murakkab kanallar tizimini va umumiy suv havzalarini (hauz) ham o'z

ichiga olgan.

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ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 10

Amirlik hukmdorlari oʻzlarining islom yetakchilari sifatidagi qonuniyligini

mustahkamlash uchun masjid va madrasalar qurishni birinchi oʻringa qoʻyganlar. E'tiborli misollar

orasida:

• Po-i-Kalyan majmuasi: Kalyan masjidi va minorasini o'zida mujassam etgan bu ramziy

ansambl amirlikning diniy obro'sini ifodalagan.

• Mir-i Arab madrasasi: Shayboniylar davrida qurilgan bo'lib, u islom ta'limining asosiy

markazi bo'lib xizmat qilgan.

Buxoroda ham ko‘plab ziyoratgoh va maqbaralar joylashgan bo‘lib, bu uning ma’naviy

ahamiyatini aks ettiradi. Bibliyadagi Ayub siymosi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan Chashma-Ayub

maqbarasi amirlikning diniy rivoyatlarni o'z me'morchiligiga integratsiyalashganligining

namunasidir.

Buxoro bozorlari va karvonsaroylari Buyuk Ipak yo‘lining asosiy tugunlari bo‘lganligi

sababli savdo-sotiq va madaniy almashinuvni yo‘lga qo‘ygan. Toki-Zargaron gumbazi (zargarlar

bozori) va Toki-Sarrafon gumbazi (pul almashtiruvchilar bozori) kabi inshootlar amirlikning

iqtisodiy hayotiyligini ochib beradi.

Siyosiy hokimiyat ramzi boʻlgan Ark qalʼasi amirlikning maʼmuriy va harbiy markazi

boʻlgan. Bir necha bor qayta tiklangan va kengaytirilgan Ark amirlikning chidamliligi va

o'zgaruvchan ehtiyojlarini qamrab oldi.

________________________________________________

Buxoro amirligidagi qurilishda asosan pishiq g‘isht, loy g‘isht, sirlangan koshin kabi

mahalliy materiallardan foydalanilgan. Mozaik fayans va geometrik bezaklardan foydalanish fors

va temuriylar estetikasining ta'sirini ko'rsatdi. Gumbazlar, arklar va murakkab koshinlar amirlik

meʼmorchiligining oʻziga xos xususiyatlariga aylandi.

________________________________________________

Buxoro amirligi 19-asrda Rossiya imperiyasining kuchayib borayotgan bosimiga duch

kelganligi sababli uning meʼmoriy jadalligi pasaydi. Anneksiya qilinganidan so'ng, ko'plab

inshootlar yaroqsiz holga keldi, ammo o'sha paytdan beri uning merosini saqlab qolish uchun

jiddiy harakatlar qilindi. Bugungi kunda Buxoro

________________________________________________

Xulosa

Buxoro amirligining qurilish tarixi siyosiy ambitsiya, diniy sadoqat va badiiy

innovatsiyalarning uyg‘un uyg‘unligini ko‘rsatadi. Amirlik o‘zining me’morchilik ishlari bilan

Markaziy Osiyoda o‘chmas iz qoldirdi, bu mintaqaning madaniy va tarixiy dinamikasini aks

ettirdi. Islom va Ipak yo‘li tarixining kengroq rivoyatini tushunish uchun Buxoro merosini

o‘rganish va saqlashni davom ettirish muhim bo‘lib qolmoqda.

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