The article presents the method of transnasal surgical treatment of patients with a fracture of the medial wall of the orbit using the Volkov elevator as a repositioning tool and an iodine tampon as a fixation material, which allows efficient fixation of the medial orbit wall fragments and its soft tissue components, allowing to reduce the trauma of surgical intervention, to restore the eyeball position, and to eliminate the cause of emphysema and dynamic correction of postoperative diplopia in one-time operation.
Purpose of the study. Determination of the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of COVID-19 in the early rehabilitation period according to retrospective analysis
Material and research methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 128 patients who underwent COVID-19 and persistent symptoms of the disease was carried out. The number and frequency of underlying diseases and clinical manifestations of various pathological syndromes were determined.
The results of the analysis of case histories of patients showed that 44 patients suffered moderate severity of COVID 19, 45 patients - severe, 39 - extremely severe. 40 patients were diagnosed with a lesion of 25% of the lungs or less (CT 1), in 43 patients - more than 25 to 50% of the lung volume (CT-2), in 32 patients - more than 50 to 75% (CT-3) and in 13 patients - more than 75% (CT-4). On average, the number of background pathologies was 4.53 ± 2.20. The average number of background diseases was significantly higher in patients of the older age group (p <0.001). In patients with severe and extremely severe infections diabetes and obesity were more common (p <0.05 for both comparisons). In the group of patients with moderate severity of infection, chronic viral hepatitis was more common (p <0.05). Clinical syndromes pathogenetically associated with an autoimmune inflammatory reaction were observed in 99 patients (77.34%), cell dystrophy - in 123 patients (96.09%), coagulopathy - in 73 patients (57.03%), fibrosis - in 44 patients (34.38%). Conclusion. According to the data of retrospective analysis, the average number of background diseases was significantly higher in patients of the older age group. Diabetes and obesity were more common in patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19. In patients with moderate severity of infection, chronic viral hepatitis was more common. The pathogenetic syndrome of an autoimmune inflammatory reaction was observed in 77.34% of patients, cell dystrophy syndromes in 96.09%, coagulopathic in 57.03% and fibrosis in 34.38% of patients.
We carried out a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 44 patients, aged 35 to 65 years old, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The clinical diagnosis of patients was established by us on the basis of data from the epidemiological history, clinical examination and laboratory results. The average age of the patients was 48.8 ± 3.02; by gender, men predominated. The peculiarity of the clinical course of "COVID-19" was characterized by the predominance of moderate-sжevere course, without relapses of the disease.
The features of the epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of chronic diffuse liver diseases in combination with anemia are considered according to the literature on this problem.
It has been shown that anemia aggravates the course, causes progression and worsens the prognosis of chronic diffuse liver diseases. The incidence of anemia in chronic diffuse liver diseases reaches 80%. Disclosure of the mechanisms of anemia in chronic diffuse liver diseases is necessary for timely correction and prevention of the progression of both pathological changes in red blood and underlying liver disease.
В настоящее время, необходимо рассмотреть основные факторы риска развития контраст - индуцированной нефропатии (КИН) с их анализом. Для кардиологических пациентов в качестве инструмента определения риска КИН при коронароангиографии и/или чрескожном коронарном вмешательстве возможно использование шкалы Mehran.
The literature of recent years on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and methods of treatment of dental diseases in children and adolescents with congenital cerebral palsy has been studied. The analysis of statistical data showed that the incidence of congenital cerebral palsy among children is increasing, the assistance provided to them with dental diseases is not effective enough. In patients, there is an increase in various pathological conditions of the oral cavity and teeth.
Allergy occupies a special place in medicine, and therefore, our work reflects aspects of the prevention of allergic diseases in children born to mothers with allergic diseases based on literary analysis.
Синдром слабости синусового узла (СССУ) клинико-электрокардиографический синдром, отражающий структурные повреждения синусового узла, его неспособность выполнять функции водителя ритма и обеспечить проведение импульса к
предсердиям
The article presents an effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of pyoinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region in infants. The data on the immune system of the child's body are taken into account when prescribing antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Treatment of purulent - inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region in children continues to be one of the most pressing problems of modern maxillofacial surgery. The number of cases of a sluggish protracted course of inflammatory processes with a tendency to chronicity and the development of complications has increased. This circumstance is explained by many reasons: the irrational use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. Photodynamic antibacterial therapy is a new direction of the quantum effect of the optical range on biological tissues by stimulating a photosensitizer with the production of reactive oxygen species.
Objective: To study the dynamics o f the nosological structure o f eye diseases in children based on the materials o f the ophthalmological department o f the clinic o f the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. Material and methods: A
retrospective analysis o f the reporting medical documentation o f the work o f the ophthalmological department o f the
TashPMI clinic in 2018-2021 was carried out. Results: For 4 years in the structure o f diseases, the leading positions (from 10 to 33.15%) were occupied by diseases o f the lens, injuries, pathologies o f the oculomotor apparatus and intraocular pressure. Analysis o f the dynamics o f each nosological group during 2018-2021 revealed a steady upward trend in the number o f children with congenital cataracts (from 23.7 to 30.57%) and congenital glaucoma (from 17.25 to 34.05%), a slight decrease in thefrequency o f injuries (from 29.02 to 21.77%), the number ofpatients with strabismus, which, after a sharp decrease to 10.31% in 2020, increased again to 26.82% in 2021. Conclusions: The obtained data should be taken into account in order to optimize the planned and emergency children’s ophthalmological service in
the regions o f the republic, improve the screening o f congenital and genetic diseases, and prevent childhood injuries.
Subject of the inquiry: 148 patients with degenerative dystrophic diseases of the hip joint, of them 103 with osteoarthritis and 45 with avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Aim of the inquiry: improvement of the diagnosis of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip using possibilities of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods of research: X-ray, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time, the role of ultrasonog-aphy and magnetic resonance imaging in osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis of the hip was established in comparison with conventional X-ray. The result have shown that sensitivity of ultrasonography in osteoarthritis was low (57.7%) in the detection of femoral head deformation. In avascular necrosis of the hip detection of femoral head deformation was revealed better - 89.7%, which can be explained by differences in the mechanism and localization of deformation in these diseases. Ultrasonography was quite sensitive to changes of the joint capsule both in osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis, the sensitivity 86.0% and 84.6% respectively. MRI was superior to X-ray in the assessment of space orientation of the joint surfaces, necrosis zone, synovitis, subchondral cysts, structural changes and joint effusion. X-ray was more preferable for the detection of ostephytosis, subchondral sclerosis and changes of the joint space in osteoarthritis.
Practical value: of the work consisted in the concretization of sonographic and MRI signs of degenerative dystrophic diseases of the hip joint and in the suggested algorithm of using radiological methods for establishing the nature of hip joint pathology.
Degree of inculcate: the results of research were introduced in the Radiology Department of First Tashkent Medical Institute and the Department of Large Joint Pathology Department of the Traumatology and Orthopedy Research Institute.
Sphere of usage: radiology, traumatology and orthopedy, rheumatology.