The article analyzes in detail a retrospective analysis of the institution of exemption from criminal liability in connection with reconciliation in the history of criminal law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, an in-depth analysis of the views of scientists, historical and legal literature. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of 1864 and the Criminal Code of 1926 and 1959 on the establishment of exemption from criminal liability in connection with the harmonization of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis and research, the author's theoretical conclusions about deviations in the emergence and development of the institution of exemption from criminal liability in connection with reconciliation are drawn.
This article is devoted to the issues of exemption from contractual liability in English law, as well as the exposure of the essence of the doctrine of "frustration". The essence of the contract, the peculiarity of liability for non-performance of contractual obligations, as well as the grounds and conditions for exemption from liability under English law has been studied. Both judicial precedents and English law have been widely used in this article.
This article is devoted to issues of exemption in international trade transactions under the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It covers the national legal basis for regulation of the relations arising from the exemption from liability. In addition, there is provided a comparative analysis of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the norms of the UN Convention "On Contracts for the International Sale of Goods" of 1980.
Пировардида ярашув институти халқимизга хос бўлган кечиримлилик, инсонпарварлик, бағрикенглик каби азалий қадриятларимизни ўзида мужассам этган ҳолда кечира олиш, мeҳр-oқибaт кўрсатиш, кaттaлaрга ҳурмат, кичикларни иззат қилиш, қaрдoшлик, дўстлик, қўшничилик ришталарини мустаҳкамлашда муҳим омил бўлиб хизмат қилиб келмоқда. Мазкур институтни қўллаш шартлари ва асосларининг янада такомиллаштирилиши жиноий жавобгарликдан озод қилинган шахслар сони кенгайиб боришига, шунингдек жиноят қонунчилигининг вазифаларини самарали амалга оширишга хизмат қилиши билан шартланади.
In this article from the scientific and theoretical point of view questions concerning influence of evasion from serving sentence on release from punishment have been analysed, the corresponding conclusions are developed.
The article examines the historical role of the Khwarezm people in the sociopolitical life of the Middle East countries of the 1330-60th based on Medieval Arabic and Persian manuscripts. It is known, the brave Jalal al-Din Mingburnu, the last Shah of the Khwarezmshah dynasty, had already gathered a ten-thousand-strong army of the Khwarezmians outside of Khwarezm, and he was repeatedly engaged in the battle with the Mongols and won their invasion further to West into the Arab world. But he died in 1231, and his army roamed all over the Middle East, serving either the Seljuq empire sultans, or the Ayyubid princes in Syria (Sham), who entered into an internecine struggle for Central power in Syria and Egypt. The Khwarezmians helped the Ayyubids defeat the crusaders, liberate the Holy Muslim city of al-Quds and several fortress cities from them, and later inflict a crushing overthrow the Mongols who entered the Arab lands. These important events are reflected in detail in the historical Chronicles by al-Maqrizi, Ibn Iyas, al-Khanbali, as-Suyuti, Ibn Taghriberdi, al-Khamadani and many other historians of the Mamluk period of the 13-15th centuries, associated with the arrival of the Mamluk Turks in Egypt and Syria. These works repeatedly emphasize the crucial role of the Khwarezmians in the historical arena of the Middle East in the 1330-60th, when they were considered to be a formidable military force in the fateful battles for the peoples of this region. The authors of the Chronicles also pay great attention to certain historical figures, whom they concede to be of Khwarezm origin, such as the Egyptian Sultana Shajarat ad-Dur and the Mamluk Sultan Sayf ad-din Qutuz. Qutuz, along with his emirs, including the Khwarezmians, won a crushing victory over the Mongols in the town of Aynjalut in 1260, stopping their victorious march through the Arab world. The Chronicles unanimously state that Qutuz’s real name is Mahmud Ibn Mamdud and he comes from the Khwarezmshah dynasty, as he is the son of Jalal al-Din Mingburnu’s sister. In the works of the above-mentioned authors, the memory of the Khwarezmians remains as brave, courageous soldiers, who were abandoned by fate to a foreign land, forced to wander far from their homeland until they settled in different parts of the Middle East region. Their further fate is unknown, but the historical memory of the deeds of the glorious sons of Khwarezm in the vastness of the Middle East in the 13th century is forever preserved in handwritten works.
Баъзан тарафлар фавқулодда ҳоллар ёки ҳуқуқий воқеа-ҳодисалар юз бериши оқибатида (масалан, маҳсулот етказиб берувчининг ишлаб чиқариш корхонаси ёнғин туфайли нобуд бўлса ёки товар етказиб берилиши БМТ мазкур мамлакатга мол олиб киришни тақиқлагани туфайли мумкин бўлмай қолса, ёхуд хомашёни қатъий белгиланган нархларда етказиб бериш юзасидан шартнома тузилганидан сўнг ушбу хомашёга нисбатан жаҳон нархларининг кескин ва кўп миқдорда ошиб кетиши туфайли мажбуриятни бажариш мумкин бўлса-ю, аммо тарафлардан бири учун фавқулодда қийинчиликларни юзага келтирса ва бошқалар) ўз мажбуриятларини бажаришлари мумкин бўлмай қолади. Бундай вазиятларда шартномада белгиланган нархларда хомашё етказиб бериш бир томон учун ҳалокатли бўлиши мумкин.
This paper provides an analysis of the institution of mitigation of punishment in the criminal legislation of the Commonwealth of Australia as well as issues of imposition of punishment with respect to juveniles, sentencing for inchoated offences and criminal complicity.
The paper analyzes the factors impeding the effective application of grounds for termination of the criminal case in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations, provides recommendations to address them and further improvement of the procedural modalities of application of foundation.
This article can be useful as a resource when studying the role of family and society in the formation of civic engagement of young people in the higher education system based on a system-functional approach to highlight the practical significance of reforms in the education system. Today's students are those who are preparing to fulfill the glorious tasks facing our country tomorrow. Consequently, student work is mental work with its own characteristics, which means that this work is expressed in excellent study, scientific activity and creative mastery of the foundations of science. This is the professional activity of student youth. At the current stage of development of our society, the activity of young people in the spiritual sphere consists in their conscious and creative realization of their active life position. Such a position is to know the essence of the policy of building a free and prosperous homeland, a free and prosperous life in our country, to deeply relate to social events, to study the priorities of social development, to skillfully combine theory and practice, to show an active attitude to work, loyalty and moral qualities. facilities
On the basis of comparative legal analysis the article discloses features of relationships of the President and the Prime minister in the system of state authority of the Republic of Uzbekistan, constitutional-legal relations that are the subject of these relationships and develops proposals to improve the legislation in this sphere.
Ушбу асар АҚШ нинг “ Қўрқув қироли” деб ном топган, ўз даврининг улуғ адиби Стивен Кингнинг қаламига мансуб. Ҳикоя ўтган асрнинг долбзарб муаммоларидан бири: чекишнинг соғликка зарари, ва кашандаликка қарамликдан озод бўлиш қандай машаққатларга олиб келиши хақида.Ҳикоя илк бор 1978 йили “Тунги смена” тўпламида чоп этилган. Кинг ўзи кашандалар оиласида улғайди. Онаси ҳам, отаси ҳам тамаки чекишарди. Отаси кейинчалик оиласидан ҳам кетиб қолади. Стивен Кинг ҳам ҳақиқий кашандага айланади. У сигарет ва алкоголь истеъмол қилади, ҳатто гиёҳванд модда истеъмолига ҳам ўтади. Аммо ўзи чекишнинг зарари ва бу одатини кейинчалик ташлаш истаги ҳақида таъкидлайди. “Чекишни ташланг корпорацияси” ҳикояси унинг ушбу хоҳиши ва одатидан воз кеча олмаётгани таъсирида ёзилган бўлиши табиий ҳол.
Subjects of the inquiry: 103 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 20 healthy individuals.
Aim of the inquiry: To study therapeutic effect of low frequency physical factors on the cytokines and the processes of lipid peroxidation and to confirm scientifically the efficacy of their use based on the their effect on the clinical laboratory findings.
Methods of investigation: Clinical and laboratory investigations, immunological analyses of the blood scrum cytokine levels and synovial fluid, biochemical examinations of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system indicators, phospholipase-A2 activity, nonspecific phosphatases and free oxyprolinc in the blood serum of patients.
The results achieved and their novelty: There was studied clinical efficacy of ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon during treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was proved that disbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as lipid peroxidation activation activity in the erythrocyte membranes and blood scrum destabilized cellular membrane structures, increase in phospholipase-A2 activity and, consequently, stimulating prostaglandines, inflammation mediators, synthesis. There was shown that complex therapy with inclusion of low frequency physical factors, particularly ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon, gave marked positive effect normalizing interrelation ship between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines reducing activity of phospholipase-A2, lipid peroxidation products and rising the levels of antioxidant system indicators.
Practical value: There has been shown rationality of inclusion of the physical-pharmacological method ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon into clinical practice. The differential indicators developed for application of low-frequency physical methods of therapy for rehabilitation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis allow prolongation of the remission, improvement of the patients life quality.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The practical recommendation and guidelines have been applied in the clinical practice of the out-patient special course of arthrological treatment in the Republican Rhcumatological Center, Clinical Hospital N 1, Central Hospital of Zangiota district of Tashkent province. Sphere of usage: Rheumatology, physiotherapy.
В статье анализируются факторы, препятствующие эффективному применению
основания прекращения уголовного дела в связи с истечением срока давности привлечения к ответственности, даются рекомендации по их устранению и
дальнейшему совершенствованию процессуального порядка применения данного основания.
Objective: to carry out comparative analysis of matrix metalloproteinase’s-2,9 (MMP-2, 9), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase’s (TIMP) expression indexes and their interconnection with magnesium ions (Mg2+), glucosamine-glycans and glucuronidases activity in the blood of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. Material and research methods. 208 persons of them aged 15-25 (19.9±1.42) years have been studied. Depending on clinical signs and progressive complications, patients were divided into 2 groups, 1-group 97 patients with signs of external phenotypes (fens) of BTDD, 2-group 111 patients with signs of external and internal fens, with some complications. Results of researches have shown that the blood of patients with BTDD showed an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 and a decrease in TIMP-1. As the progression of the disease increases, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 increases and the TIMP-1 decreases, compared to the data in the control group. At the same time, in patients there is a decrease in Mg 2ions in blood. Thus, dynamics of changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and also TIMP-1 expression in patients with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia may serve as a method of estimation of progressive pathological process and prognosis of the disease.
In this article the author dedicated the legal nature of voluntary renunciation, analyzed the significance of voluntary renunciation in the criminal law, the necessity for this institution and the relationship with the other institutions of the criminal law.
In the modern world, the principles of secular society dominate, on the one hand, and on the other, the process of the initial revival of religious consciousness, one of the ancient sources of popular culture. That is why religion has become a social institution on the agenda of many issues related to the role and status of modern society. Issues such as secularism, which implies the free, independent and independent activity of the spheres of public life. In this sense, this article is devoted to the analysis of this complex and controversial social process and its relevance. In the article, the term “secularization” occurs in terms of history and logic: the linguistic meaning of a word, its comparative and critical analysis of its definitions by various authors. At the same time, the objective and subjective factors behind the secularization process were uncovered. Specific examples of the sociocultural life of the West and the East are studied in detail and the content of the term "secularization" is defined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of modern philosophers on this issue, the analysis of theoretical views proposed by various academic schools. General and specific aspects of the description and approach are highlighted, the author’s own views on them are described and definitions of the concept of “secularization” are developed. Based on recent studies, general theoretical conclusions are given. As it is known, the secularization paradigms in the modern world are gradually changing. In this sense, secularization is not a feature of all societies. It should be noted that in the process of change, religious issues are at the center of public debate and, in some cases, at the center of controversy. However, secularization remains the core of the modern world, although religion is likely to occupy a huge space. Based on the above analysis, we can say that the processes of secularization are not based on a specific standard in different societies, and in each society there is a certain limit. Based on historical analysis, modern definition and description, secularization is a complex social process associated with the role of religion in society, and can be replaced by changing the order of religious traditions based on rational principles based on the principle of secularism.