The socio-political activity of youth is an indicator of the processes taking place in modern society. Since the young generation is the main mobilization resource of society, which determines the future of the state. This article is devoted to youth policy, international legal documents developed by the UN, the growing relevance of this issue in connection with the deepening of globalization processes and the ensuing dangers and challenges covering all countries, the solutions of which are impossible without the active participation of young people, a question that is always one of the priority tasks of the international community and in particular the UN. The international legal documents regulating the youth sphere are considered, since this issue has been an object of state policy in more than 130 countries of the world since the middle of the 20th century. In the way in which the state organizes its youth policy, two models stand out - European and Anglo-Saxon. The European model is based on the leading role of the state in the field of youth policy. This model also clearly defines priorities, goals, objectives and expected results. The Anglo-Saxon model is characterized by an approach to support exclusively voluntary activity and youth organizations without the systematic participation of government bodies in the implementation of youth policy. The article analyzes the experience of youth policy in Japan and Uzbekistan, notes the similarities and features of approaches to solving problems and problems of this topic. It is noted that the socio-political system of Japan, unlike most developed countries of the world, for decades allows the government of this country to avoid major social upheavals and crises of social institutions. This, in turn, proves the effectiveness of government measures aimed at solving youth problems in Japanese society. Japan’s policy in this area has its own specifics, based on a combination of traditional preventive measures with innovative ones, which allows us to consider about its universality. The article comprehensively surveys the new course taken by Uzbekistan to increase the role of youth in the socio-political life of society. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the comprehensive support of youth initiatives, both from the state and from youth organizations. Based on this, it can be argued that an open dialogue with youth has become a strategic direction at a new stage in the development of Uzbekistan. In this strategy, a key place is given to increasing the social activity of youth, their involvement in the processes of formation of a modern, democratic state.
The article analyzes the issues of improving constitutional control, ways to increase its effectiveness. The subject of the research is the legislative foundations of constitutional justice in Uzbekistan.
The essence of the institution of constitutional control, legal mechanisms of the implementation of constitutional control are considered. The disadvantages and problems of the implementation of constitutional control in the country are indicated.
It is shown that in Uzbekistan constitutional control is carried out according to the European model of constitutional justice. To date, the institution of constitutional review needs further improvement of its mechanism.
In order to analyze the current state, the author briefly shows the formation of constitutional control. Analysis of the current state of constitutional review allows us to note the following. The control carried out by the Constitutional Court needs to improve its legal framework and the practice of exercising constitutional control. The absence of the institution of constitutional complaint makes constitutional review ineffective.
The issues of introducing the institution of constitutional complaint, granting citizens and legal entities the right to apply to the Constitutional Court were considered. The author claims that when introducing a constitutional complaint, the analysis of the experience of foreign countries is especially relevant.
The article describes the features of the application of a constitutional complaint. In particular, it is proposed that the appeal of citizens is permissible provided that the constitutional rights of citizens are violated by the law, which is applied in a specific case, the consideration of which in court has been completed. Introduce a procedure for preliminary study of the appeal of citizens and legal entities; set a specific time limit for filing a constitutional complaint. It is proposed to abandon the practice of initiating questions by judges of the Constitutional Court, as well as to endow the structural divisions of the apparatus of the Constitutional Court with the right to preliminary analysis of applications received from citizens and legal entities, to verify their compliance with the requirements of the legislation. All this is aimed at improving constitutional control, increasing its effectiveness in ensuring constitutional legality in the country and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens.
Thus, the adoption of the Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan" in the new edition will serve to strengthen constitutional control, strengthen constitutional legality in the country, improve constitutional proceedings and, ultimately, effectively protect the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution of the country.
In conclusion, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of constitutional control, proposals for improving constitutional control, for introducing a constitutional complaint, criteria for the admissibility of citizens' appeals are given.
This article is devoted to the influence of monuments of ancient Indian folklore, namely the epics “Mahabharata” and “Ramayana” on the further development of the literature of the peoples of India. This question is interesting because the above two epics largely became the basis of all subsequent written literature in the new Indian languages, the formation of which begins in the early Middle Ages. The article reveals the influence of epics on written literature in chronological order. The first influence on written literature can be seen in the formation of ancient Indian drama, on the example of works of Bhasa and Kalidasa, the famous playwrights of ancient India, where many of the plots of their dramas were taken from the Mahabharata. Next influence of the epics can be traced on the development of the genre of fairy tales. As you know, the genre of fairy tales has fantastic elements, where animals speak human language, communicate with people, arrows fly in the sky and others. Such elements are first seen in the epic Ramayana. Based on this, Indian literary critics believe that the elements of fairy tales first appeared in the ancient Indian epics. Various motives of the epos can be seen in modern literature, presented by characters or plots. In addition, under the influence of Sanskrit epics, almost every national literature has created its own epics, where the heroes are considered to be the national heroes of every nation. In a word, two epic works of ancient India the Mahabharata and Ramayana have a very great influence in the formation of written literature in many national literatures of India.
In the introductory part of the article the author
characterizes a problems in truth definition in criminal trial. In the basic part questions of definition of truth in criminal trial and problems arising thus are considered. In the conclusion the author makes the offers under the decision of the considered questions.
The purpose of the study was to determine and evaluate the features of morphological changes in the liver parenchyma of 5-month-old white outbred rats under the influence of anti inflammatory drugs under conditions of polypharmacy.
The object of study for experimental studies was taken 250 white male rats weighing 200-250 g.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs negatively affects all parameters of liver structures. Under the influence of polypharmacy, there is a decrease in the absolute mass of the liver, volume and morphological parameters of the liver parenchyma. The decrease in morphometric parameters depends on the number of drugs in polypharmacy; under conditions of polypharmacy, the state of the hepatic capillaries and internal bile ducts, as well as biological membranes, was studied, as a result of which the structural structure of the liver, the development of destruction of the hepatic tissue were studied, and the morphofunctional foundations of this condition were shown.
Implementation of the research results. Based on the obtained scientific results, the morphofunctional characteristics of the liver of rats in the norm and under the influence of polypharmacy were determined:
Approved methodological recommendations: "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Conclusion No. 8n-r / 265 dated 14.03.2022 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Uzbekistan, Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022), electronic program No. DGU 1038 "Program for studying the comparative characteristics of morphological changes caused by polypharmacy in the liver."
The scientific results obtained in the study of morphological and functional properties and morphometric changes in the structure of the liver under the influence of polypharmacy have been introduced into the practice of the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Oncological and Radiological Scientific and Practical Medical Center of the Samarkand City Medical Association (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 2022, 8n-r / 265-No. and conclusion No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022). The implementation of the obtained research data allows developing methods for early diagnosis, treatment and prediction of organopathology by morphological parameters, improving the quality of life and reducing the number of complications.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The structure of the dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The volume of the dissertation was 103 pages.
All Humans were born in their family, they grow as a member of family. Family is considered as a place which has a bond to live together of relationship with man and wife, parents, children as well as siblings. Blood relation and relative by marriage are main part in attitude of society, In addition it can consist of their duties and aims. That kind of attitude among society is said kinship. And the words which are related to this are called kinship terms. These terms possess form of naming and address. This terms posses two types: address and naming which are differentiated in relationship. This article provides comparison between similarities and differences in the terms of kinship in Japanese and Uzbek languages. Direct and соllateral family ties from the ascending line (grandfather) to the descending line (grandson) are analyzed. The objective of this work is to identify answers to questions such as whether the meanings of kinship terms are uniquely suited in Japanese and Uzbek languages and whether relationship structures are similar or different. In this scientific article, the names of kinship relations in Japanese and Uzbek are systematized, their meanings and relations are determined. In Japanese and Uzbek languages, the name blood relationship is consistent but there are differences in relation. From the point of view of соllateral family kinship, it was found that there are differences in the name of the kinship, in both their meaning and attitude.
Ушбу мақолада корхонанинг ахборотлар эҳтиёжини аниқлашдан тортиб то ахборотлардан фойдаланишгача бўлган тизим ишининг кетма-кетлигини белгилаш энг муҳим масала сифатида кўриб чиқилган. Шунингдек,корхонада ҳал этилувчи масалаларни турларга ажратиш, ахборотларни олиш, қайта ишлаш ва фойдаланиш даврийлигини белгилаш, келадиган ва чиқадиган ҳужжатларни стандартлаш, ахборотларни қайта ишлаш тартибини стандартлаш ҳамда корхона ахборот тизимларини бошқариш жараёнларини алгоритмлаштириш жараёнлари келтирилган.
At the present stage, issues of Uzbek identity are a necessary component for studying the history of the formation of Uzbek national identity. However, this question is unreasonably left out of sight of local ethnologists. But the existing studies cannot reveal the full picture of Uzbek identity. This article is an attempt to show the way of the formation of Uzbek identity, its features, stages of formation, the methodology used. On the basis of English-language materials, first of all, the methodology used is disclosed, and how this foreign methodology revealed or failed to reveal some features of the development of Uzbek identity. In identity studies, it is important to understand and feel the "boundary" of identity. Because, without knowing the boundaries of a certain category of identity, a researcher can mix unwittingly artificially something that really cannot be mixed. In this regard, we tried to give some methodological concepts that will help determine the elusive edge of identity, which is so important for the implementation of a comprehensive analysis. Historiography of literature shows that foreign methodology differs significantly from local, and many aspects of the formation of Uzbeks' identity are revealed from a different angle. Some researchers put forward any point of view that unwittingly form an artificial construction and try to put into this construction a formula for the emergence of Uzbek identity. It leads to a clouding of the understanding of “what is Uzbek identity” and complicates the crystallization of its borders. Also in the article the author tried to divide into categories the various authors’ accordings to their principle of posing and analyzing the question posed. Tracing the path of development of Uzbek identity, the main stages of this development were identified and their chronological framework was identified. This will allow the reader to trace clearly the paths and stages of the formation of modern Uzbek identity. The analysis revealed the main shortcomings in the methodology, in studying and comparing the results with local data. In the final part, general and specific features relating to foreign studies were highlighted. Several proposals were developed to break down existing barriers and improve interdisciplinary relationships. On the basis of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the creation of a single national state was the impetus for the formation of Uzbeks as a nation. However, the roots of the national identity of Uzbekistan precede the revolution and are not Soviet.
Охирги йилларда имконияти чекланган бемор муаммоларини ечишга бўлган эътибор кучайиб бормоқда. Ўзбекистон Республикасида кенг жамоатчилик вакиллари томонидан билдирилган фикр мулоҳазалар асосида 1 август 2017 йилда “Ногиронлиги бўлган шахсларни давлат томонидан қўллаб-қувватлаш тизимини тубдан такомиллаштириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида”ги Фармон қабул қилинди ва бу борада қўшимча имтиёз ва имкониятлар берилди. Бу йўналишда яна бир муҳим ҳужжат - “Ногиронлиги бўлган шахслар ҳуқуқлари тўғрисида”ги Қонун қабул қилинди. Бу масалаларни ҳал қилиш учун Ўзбекистон Республикаси Соғлиқни сақлаш вазирлиги қошида ташкил этилаётган Ногиронлиги бўлган шахсларни қўллаб-қувватлаш жамғармаси самарали фаолият кўрсатиб келинмоқда. Шунингдек, ёлғиз қариялар, аҳолининг ижтимоий ҳимояга муҳтож бошқа қатламларини ижтимоий муҳофаза қилишга ихтисослаштирилган махсус тузилма ўз ишини кучайтириши талаб этилмоқда. Бу борада патронаж хашираларининг роли беқиёсдир. Уларнинг ишини самарали ташкил этиш ва амалиётга тадбиқ этиш долзарб масала бўлиб келмоқда
The article examines the theoretical aspects
of the investment agreements, the opinions of scientists about the difference between definitions and core of investment contracts and developed proposals on improvement of the investment legislation and the investment climate of our country.
This article deals with the use of manuscripts in the study of the history of the Kokand Khanate, which has its place in the history of the Uzbek statehood. More than 180,000 Manchu language documents stored in the First Social Sciences Archive of the People's Republic of China contain important information about the relationship of the Kokand Khanate with the Roman Empire. Studying this issue is a great importance for the history of Uzbekistan.
Мол-мулкни мусодара қилишда, аксарият ҳолларда, исботлаш масалаларига етарлича эътибор қаратилмайди. Ваҳоланки, мазкур масала мусодаранинг қўлланилиши жиноят процесси иштирокчиларининг ҳуқуқлари ва қонуний манфаатларига бевосита дахл қилиши, уларнинг ҳуқуқлари маълум доирада чекланишига сабаб бўлиши жиҳатидан ҳам алоҳида эътиборни талаб қилади.
In the introductory part of the article the author characterizes essence and concept of the international private law. In the basic part questions of definition of the nature of the international private law in the national legal doctrine are considered. In the conclusion the author expresses the point of view on the studied subjects.
This article analyzes the phonetic changes of verbs with "weak" letters in the Arabic language, the expression of this phenomenon in written speech. It is also studied the coverage of the topic of "weak" letter verbs in the scientific works of classical and modern Arabic and Uzbek grammar scholars. It is based on the goal of language learners to develop the skills to apply the "weak" letter verbs in different places. Methods of description, comparison, analysis, component analysis were used in the study. In Arabic grammar, the letters “alif – ا ”, “vav – و ” and “ya –
ي ” are called " ةَّلِع ُفوُرُح " – weak letters, and verbs with weak letters are called weak verbs. The two letters “vav – و ” and “ya – ي ” are also used to denote semi-vowel sounds. The fact that the letters “vav – و ” and "ya - ي " fall in many places or are replaced by one another (usually the alphabet) is caused by three different changes: kalb (exchange), taskin (turn into a closed joint), hazf (dropping out the letter). Given that "weak" letter verbs play an important role in the lexicon of the Arabic language, it is important for language learners to develop the skills to use such verbs correctly in practice and in the use of dictionary books. On the basis of his works, an in-depth and comprehensive study of the examples of classical and modern literature remains an
important issue.
In the modern world, the principles of secular society dominate, on the one hand, and on the other, the process of the initial revival of religious consciousness, one of the ancient sources of popular culture. That is why religion has become a social institution on the agenda of many issues related to the role and status of modern society. Issues such as secularism, which implies the free, independent and independent activity of the spheres of public life. In this sense, this article is devoted to the analysis of this complex and controversial social process and its relevance. In the article, the term “secularization” occurs in terms of history and logic: the linguistic meaning of a word, its comparative and critical analysis of its definitions by various authors. At the same time, the objective and subjective factors behind the secularization process were uncovered. Specific examples of the sociocultural life of the West and the East are studied in detail and the content of the term "secularization" is defined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of modern philosophers on this issue, the analysis of theoretical views proposed by various academic schools. General and specific aspects of the description and approach are highlighted, the author’s own views on them are described and definitions of the concept of “secularization” are developed. Based on recent studies, general theoretical conclusions are given. As it is known, the secularization paradigms in the modern world are gradually changing. In this sense, secularization is not a feature of all societies. It should be noted that in the process of change, religious issues are at the center of public debate and, in some cases, at the center of controversy. However, secularization remains the core of the modern world, although religion is likely to occupy a huge space. Based on the above analysis, we can say that the processes of secularization are not based on a specific standard in different societies, and in each society there is a certain limit. Based on historical analysis, modern definition and description, secularization is a complex social process associated with the role of religion in society, and can be replaced by changing the order of religious traditions based on rational principles based on the principle of secularism.
The aim of the research work is to improve the results of treatment of patients with combined injuries of the pelvis and femur, by developing tactical and technical aspects based on the severity of the injury and the severity of the condition.
The object of the study was 130 patients with injuries of the pelvic and hip bones with concomitant trauma, treated at the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid and its Samarkand branch for the period 2016-2021 years.
The scientific novelty of the research work is the following: the structure and frequency of combined injuries of the pelvis and femur in the general structure of injuries, in the structure of injuries to the pelvis and femur separately were evaluated. the risk factors for the development of unsatisfactory results of treatment of concomitant injuries of the pelvis and hip, based on traditional clinical and diagnostic standards, have been determined; a direct relationship has been proven in the dynamics of the condition of the victims and the prognosis, taking into account the type and nature of segmental injuries; the device for external fixation for stable functional minimally invasive osteosynthesis has been improved and the possibility of expanding the indications for surgical treatment for combined injuries of the pelvis and hip in the early period of traumatic disease has been proved; the technical advantages of a complete set of an improved rod device for external fixation have been proved, the pelvic and femoral versions of which make it possible to use them for effective stabilization of the pelvis and hip separately during anti-shock measures, and for the final reposition of bone fragments; the direct dependence of treatment results on the proposed tactics of providing trauma care at an early hospital stage, depending on the type, nature, severity of pelvic and hip injuries, and the severity of the condition has been proved.
The introduction of research results. Based on the results of scientific research to improve the surgical aspects of providing assistance to victims with concomitant injuries of the pelvis and femur: based on the results of the development of a device for the treatment of fractures, a patent for an invention was obtained from the Intellectual Property Agency of the Russian Federation "Apparatus for the treatment of combined fractures of the pelvic and hip bones" (patent No. 2749897 dated 06/18/2020). The results obtained made it possible to improve the tactics of surgical treatment of patients, to shorten the period of hospitalization and the period of postoperative rehabilitation, to ensure the possibility of patients with minimal economic costs; on the basis of the results of scientific research on the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant injuries of the pelvic and femur bones, methodological recommendations were approved "Method for the treatment of victims with concomitant injuries of the pelvis and hip, depending on the severity" (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z / 288 dated August 31, 2021 of the year). The results obtained made it possible to improve the quality of wound diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the pelvic and hip bones in concomitant injury; approved methodological recommendations "Tactics of rendering assistance to victims with combined injuries of the pelvis and hip, taking into account the severity of the condition" (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z / 288 of August 31, 2020). The results obtained made it possible to improve the tactical and technical aspects in the treatment of injuries to the pelvic and hip bones, based on the severity of the injury and the severity of the patient's condition.
Scientific results have been introduced into the practical activities of healthcare, in particular, the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, the Jizzakh Branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid, the Samarkand branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09 / 18979 dated December 02, 2021). The proposed tactics for the treatment of combined injuries of the pelvis and femur made it possible to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of excellent and good long-term functional results from 66.1% to 92.6%.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, five chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations, a list of referencesand applications. The volume of the text material of the work is 111 pages.
The study discusses some key issues regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international relations, the global economy. According to the author, slackening of economic relation in global economy, the falldown of Gross Domestic Product, has counted against many national economies and for global economy as a whole. In this context, it is also necessary to emphasize that the issue will negatively affect the cultural and humanitarian relations between the countries, which will also affect and slow down the pace of development of international relations after the pandemic. The situation that has developed in the world as a result of a pandemic makes it clear that the emergence of any disease, epidemic, threatens its mass spread among millions of people and not a single country or state is protected from this, and the consequences apply to absolutely all spheres of life of a human being. At present, for many states, along with political and economic problems that need urgent solutions, the construction of hospitals, their equipping and provision of medical personnel, the lack of which is especially acute in the context of the global epidemic, has become especially priority. And, in such conditions, the development of multilateral cooperation is acutely felt, actions together based on the principles of cooperation in solving priority problems. The following tasks are revealed in the article: study of the situation in the world related to the current spread of the coronavirus, the impact of the pandemic on international relations; measures taken by governments in a pandemic conditions and their effectiveness; Uzbekistan's experience in counteracting the pandemia; strengthening regional cooperation; Uzbekistan's initiatives to combat the pandemia. The general situation, connected with the spread of the pandemia is examined. The consideration is given to the measures applied by the countries’ governments in combating the coronavirus pandemia, as well as their effectiveness. The article presents the experience of Uzbekistan in combating a pandemia, initiatives to combat the crisis, as well as strengthening regional cooperation with neighboring countries at the current stage. Currently, only the beginning of regional cooperation between Central Asian states is observed. The study of the issues of spread of coronavirus, and its impact on international relations are not well-defined. Since the pandemic has spread throughout the world, there are a lot of questions for research, not only large-scale, but also local in nature. In the course of the work, the author applied a systematic approach.