In this article, the view that Hafiz Tanish Bukhari, who has been regarded as the author of "Imamqulikhannoma" until now, is Hafiz Tanish Bukhari, who is considered to be the author of the work "Imamqulikhannoma". The article also provides information about the scientific significance of the work, its study, and the condition of the manuscript copy.
This article researched Sayfiy Bukhari’s (died in 1503) “Aruzi Sayfiy” treatise from the viewpoint of the modern poetry. It is about the structure of the treatise, description of asls, bakhr and doiras (metric circles). Here is revealed the significance of “Aruzi Sayfiy” in the Timurids period.
The lifestyle and works of Kalabadi Bukhari, who lived and worked in Bukhara in the X century, have not yet been studied extensively and systematically. Accordingly, this article focuses on medieval sources, providing accurate and complete information about Kalobodi’s full name, date of birth and death, place of burial, subjects learned, mentors, students, fields of activity and works he created.
This article is devoted to the analysis of the description of Movarounnahr in the work "Abdullanoma" ("King of Honor") by the 16th century historian Hafiz Tanish al-Bukhari, which is rich in information about the political, socio-economic and cultural life of Central Asia and Khorasan. Information about the historical and geographical location of Movarounnahr, its famous cities, many mosques, madrasas, khanakahs and other buildings built by Abdullah in Movarounnahr will be studied.
Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. In world practice of informatization, systems of electronic document interchange (EDIS) arc considered and introduced last years not only as systems for automation of manage processes but also as high-grade platforms for creation of uniform information field, so borders of their use, certainly, expands and scientists of the world raises interest to them. In researches of leading scientists of infocommunication technologies the demand of problems of authentic gathering, transfer, analysis, coding of information during formation of office-work documents is allocated for getting of effective technologies raising mobility and productivity of EDIS.
Complex measures undertaken by the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan on development of systems of region-territorial automated management and to creation of uniform information field arc directed on wide introduction of information systems, EDIS, databases (DB) on the basis of modern information-communication technologies. In this connection, working out of new methods to intelligent processing of information resources used for improvement of data transfer quality, allowing effectively to find out and correct errors in structure of electronic document interchange with least material and time expenses, differs a special urgency and, at the same time, remains the unresolved theoretical and applied problem having important economic value.
Requirements to information resources and streams of data transmission as the important factor of efficiency and quality of EDIS functioning arc expressed in providing of stability, integrity, safety and authenticity of the information. One of important among factors is the criterion of authenticity of the information, caused by distortion of transferred messages in infocommunication networks because of failures and refusals of means, any handicaps in communication channels, errors of operators, scanning and recognition systems.
Hence, construction of effective systems to control of information authenticity during transfer and processing represents special scientific interest as priority technology of data processing, characteristic for conditions of automated management and electronic document interchange at the enterprises and organizations.
For existing methods, despite of providing the high level of information transfer authenticity, some unsolved questions is typical, and as basic of them it is possible to allocate the following: at development technologies of electronic documents interchange in structure of modern data transfer packages the significant volume of resource is spent for headings, at the same time the most part of information in headings remains constant from package to package during stream of transfer of the whole frame (redundancy of the information arising at it and mechanisms to provide reliability of deliveries consisting, basically, in sending the appropriate message and repeated transfer of packages, - result to additional time and material expenses while errors detection and elimination); code and hardware methods of information transfer control arc focused, mainly, on elimination the transposition mistakes in managing fields of packages; however, at data transfer there arc also distortions in information fields, which frequently reveal as multiple text mistakes.
In this relation, the decision of tasks for providing of information transfer authenticity is reasonable to consider in two aspects.
Solutions of the first type tasks should taken into account errors of the man-operator, scanning and other devices intended for input of the information. These kinds of mistakes make greatest volume of distortions in text and arise at Applied and Representation levels of OSI model (Open System Interconnection reference model).
Solutions of second type tasks, devoted to control of the information reliability, take into consideration the probability of distortions which occur at stages of Transport, Network, Physical and Line of model OSI.
Demand of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that introduction of a wide range of IP-enabled technologies in electronic document interchange is connected to requiring close attention tasks of detection and correction of errors during preparation and processing of documents.
This research work is focused on providing realization of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On informatization», «On electronic digital signature», «On electronic document», «On electronic commerce», «On electronic payments», Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 126 on 05.04.2011 «About measures on installation and use of a single secured e-mail and system of electronic document interchange in the executive office of cabinet of ministers, bodies of government and economic governance, local government».
Following that, the solution of listed tasks requires carrying out the special researches and development connected to creation of methods and algorithms, capable to control the information authenticity in structure of data transfer packages at the expense of use the enclosed redundancy, and able to function in transport environment, eliminating existing lacks. This fact causes necessity of allocation of a special class algorithms for providing of information authenticity on the basis of new type of PR-rcdundancy (property redundancy), defined by depending on properties of processed object.
Purpose of research is development ol constructive methods, models, algorithms and systems of information authenticity control during transfer and processing of the data on the basis of mechanisms used PR-rcdundancy of various nature, and software and algorithmic realization of results for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
concept, methodology and software and algorithmic bases to construction methods, models and algorithms for the information authenticity control in systems of electronic document interchange arc developed, classes of objects characterized by PR-rcdundancy, applied to provide accuracy, integrity, efficiency, compression, availability of information resources in EDIS arc allocated;
methods and algorithms arc offered for control of information reliability at the expense of use the artificial redundancy on the basis of linear, modular, plane summing mechanisms and definition of belonging to the coded subsets;
methods and software complexes arc developed for control of information reliability at the expense of use the natural redundancy on the basis of algorithms in which procedures of statistical, arithmetic, parsing coding, n-gram structured description, statistical pattern recognition and hashing of text elements arc realized;
for control and correction of spelling mistakes in texts on Uzbek language methods and algorithms arc offered on the basis of models of multilevel morphological analysis and n-grams Grammatik description;
on the basis of enclosed logic criteria, database and knowledgebase in structure of the built-in expert systems methods and algorithms arc developed for the control of information authenticity at the expense of use the structural-technological PR-rcdundancy;
methods arc offered to synthesis algorithms of text information reliability control in interactive system of errors detection and correction for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Conclusion
1. Developed in the dissertation constructive methods, models, software and algorithms complexes to control of information authenticity by principles of using of PR-rcdundancy on the basis of concepts of system analysis, control and information processing allow to increase efficiency and productivity of EDIS.
2. The estimation of current state of the theory and practice of code, hardware and program methods of control of authenticity information transfer had shown insufficiency of existing types of redundancy for providing qualitative functioning of EDIS. Principles of use of PR-rcdundancy at electronic documents for working out applied methods, software and algorithmic complexes to providing of information transfer authenticity have allowed to design toolkit of development of existing technologies.
3. Methods of: linear, plane and modular summation; codings by rules of Haffman, Lempcl-Ziv-Velch, Barrousc-Willcr, arithmetic coding, statistical recognition, logic control form methodical bases of use of PR-rcdundancy for expansion possibilities of algorithms and software complexes to providing of the information authenticity during drawing up, transfer and processing of electronic documents texts.
4. Efficiency of developed algorithms is shown and solutions arc got for tasks of control the information authenticity on the basis of criterion of mistakes undctccting probabilities. It is established, that they find up to 92 % of all kinds of mistakes, capable to correct single, double and adjacent transpositional mistakes, in comparison with existing methods reduce labour content and cost of control in 2-3 times if probability of mistakes is accepted as P«4-10-3, and also raise the information authenticity up to three orders.
5. To solving tasks of control and correction of spelling mistakes in Uzbek texts methods, algorithms and systems arc developed included morphological and n-gram structured models. The developed technique of getting frequency characteristics of n-gram on the basis of distortions probability parameters statistics arc applied during systematization hash-codes for parsing coding.
6. Interpolation and extrapolation methods of construction the logic and arithmetic function of statistical recognition arc used for working out algorithms to control of text elements images authenticity. Methods arc developed to control authenticity of alarm characteristics of text elements images in ncuronctworking system to information processing which includes parts of automatic recognition and control of images signals. Methods and algorithms arc realized in the structure system to control of information authenticity for eases when information in EDIS is represented as metatext on the basis of belonging attributes and classification of metatext on fuzzy semantic hypcrnct.
7. Methods and algorithms of the control of the information authenticity, based on methods of dictionary, statistical and hash-codings provide effective applying of the hardware-software environment of parallel computations NVIDIA with use of standard libraries of numerical analysis, optimized data exchange between CPU and GPU for optimization.
8. It is determined that at realization of the system to control of spelling on the basis of developed ways of description and identification of the software shell, treelike representation of n-gramm grammar and architecture of framework Sfinks-4 focused on various language models used PR-rcdundancy, the number of undetected errors and cost of realization considerably decreases, and labour content in comparison with the spelling control system on the basis of morphological analysis decreases twice.
9. Developed simulating algorithms, complexes of software and systems to control of information authenticity on the basis of using PR-rcdundancy have found practical application in systems of: automated organization of educational environment in high schools; adapted data transfer, processing and analysis in infocommunication networks; EDIS of enterprises.
10. The developed software complexes to control the information authenticity in structure of EDIS and computer system of adapted transfer, handling and data analysis arc implemented in real working conditions in the Samarkand branch «UzTelecom» of the State committee or communication, for informatization and telecommunication technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Joint Venture «Tasty-Fuit». Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.
This given аrticle is devoted to the trаditions of writing Аrbаin's works in literаture of history people of the Eаst. In the аrticle the speciаl feаtures of trаdition hаs been described. It wаs trаdition to write "Аrbаin" – "Chihil Hаdis" worksin Eаstern clаssicаl literаture which meаns collecting forty hаdiths in one plаce, explаining their meаning to simple people, writing comments on them. The observаtions show thаt every time hаs its "Аrbаin", which put forwаrd а cleаr theme аnd purpose. Аccording to Hаdith Prophet Muhаmmаd (peаce be upon him), "Whoever memorize forty hаdiths, follows аnd teаches them, he will be under my intercession on the Dаy of Resurrection". Аccording to this hаdith people tried to memorize forty hаdiths аnd deliver them to the people. The lexicаl meаning of "Аrbаin" is forty. In аddition, to be in chillа for forty dаys meаns the prаyers’ purifying аnd prаying in the nook for forty dаys, forty dаys from birth аnd аfter the deаth. These forty dаys аre cаlled аsа period of "cleаnsing". Medievаl thinkers chose forty hаdiths which were аbout Islаmic rules аnd plаce together. They аttempted to explаin the meаning аnd significаnce of these forty hаdiths to people in eаsier wаy. For this they used the prose аnd poetry effectively. In this аrticle we аimed to give some informаtion аbout hаndwritten copies of “Аrbаin” works which аre being sаved in the centrаl fund of Orientаl mаnuscripts center nаmed аfter Аbu Rаyhаn Beruni under the Tаshkent Stаte Institute of Orientаl studies of the Republic of Uzbekistаn.
Мақолада буюк ватандошимиз Абу Мансур Мотуридийнинг араб тилшунослиги соҳасидаги
беназир иқтидори илмий асослар билан ёритилади. Унинг бебаҳо асари бўлмиш “Таъвилоту-лҚуръон”да келган арабшунос олимлар ҳақида маълумот берилади
Indeed, the hadiths are one of the topics that have been causing extensive discussions in the West since the 19th century. Many western scholars believe that the hadiths were fabricated and they have no historical significance. At the same time, there are many researchers who totally reject these views. This article aims to provide a scientific, comparative-historical, characteristic analysis of about 50 researches which were published in foreign countries on the topic of hadith and hadith studies. The books and articles of Western scholars on the topic of hadith science were analyzed and divided into two groups. Most researchers, in particular, Ignaz Goldziher, Schacht completely denied the hadiths and they claimed that hadiths have no historical significance. According to them, rulers and jurists all fabricated ḥadiths to reinforce their legal views or to validate already-existing practices. Other groups of scholars, such as John Burton, Motzki, and N.Abbot, admit the hadiths as reliable sources after the Qur'an. The superficial conclusions of Western scholars have been denied by Muslim researchers by F.Sezgin, Abu Shuhba, al-Marsafi, al-A’zami, Maloush on the basis of historical facts. Some of the most interesting facts about the emergence of Western scholars’ interests in the hadith, evolutionary changes in the development of hadith science, the collection of six reliable sahih hadiths and foreign scholars’ attitudes towards them, the historical significance of the hadiths and their role in the Islamic world will be discussed in the following pages. At the end of the article, it seemed that the science of hadith like all other scientific spheres have been steadily developing. New sources and books have been discovered and published in this field. This led to a moderate tendency towards the hadiths in the West. This tendency can be clearly seen in the latest works of Juynboll, Berg, and Schoeler. We do not agree that all the hadiths are sahih or authentic too. Indeed, in the history of Islam there were many fake hadiths in different periods. However, we think that it is not true saying all hadiths were falsified because of some fake hadiths. Therefore, several new western researches should be reviewed on the basis of scientific, historical and objective principles today.
In this article there is an attempt to determine a place of this work among other works of the author through comparison of such ones as “Tadzkirat al-Auliya” and “Sharh al-Ta‘arruf”. And, in order to determine the significance of this work “Sharh al-Ta‘arruf” among these two others, certain samples are given from two works of the author “Kashf ul-Mahjoob” and “Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya”.
In the Sufi historiography of Central Asia, most of the problems are studied in the context of the teachings of Naqshbandiya and Yassaviya orders. According to the history and historiography of these two teachings of spiritual improvement, the works of both foreign and local researchers can be shown. However, we cannot say that these reflections have left a strong sense in the socio-spiritual life of the region like other teachings, including the Kubraviya order. For example, there are very few scientific works that give analytical conclusions and summarize the scientific views on the personality and spiritual heritage of Najmiddin Kubra’s famous followers as Sayfiddin Bokharzi (1190-1262), Kamal Zhandi (672/1273) and Husayn Khorezmi (836/1433) who played an important role in the dissemination of this discipline in the region. Considering this aspect of the problem in the present article, we tried to carry out a historiographical analysis of the particular problems associated with the personality of Sayfiddin Bokharzi. The study of the identity of the Bokharzy also continues after independence. It would not be an exaggeration if we say that conducting an analysis after in-depth study of it and free examination on the basis of documents, analysis as one of the followers of Sufism, is a requirement of the present. This person is known to many local specialists by O.D.Chekhovic's researches, which devoted to waqf properties in Bukhara. Today, Sayfiddin Bokharzi, whose grave is in Bukhara, is remembered in Uzbekistan as a representative of Sufism, a religious leader who owns pious endowments in the past. Is it really so? What else do we know about Sayfiddin Bokharzi and his activities? This article is devoted especially to the disclosure of Sayfiddin Bokharzi’s relation with the his preceptor Najmiddin Kubro, the personal life, generations and disciples of Sayfiddin Bokharzi, the relations of Bokharzi with the Berka Khan the ruler of Golden Horde and his written heritage in the base of published works of foreign researchers. We hope that in the future wide attention will be paid to the personality of Bokharzy, and his bright personality and spiritual legacy will receive wide recognition.
The article deals with one of the most urgent and disputable problems in the field of literature - the concept of artistic psychology and the history of this issue. The questions of the introduction of the analysis of artistic psychology in literary criticism, the first studies in this area, the theoretical views of Russian and Uzbek literary critics, as well as the attitude to the terminology of artistic psychology and psychological analysis are considered. It also analyzes the analytical, dynamic and typological principles of artistic psychology and their role in the separation of literary types and genres, in particular, the features and development of the genre of psychological storytelling in modern Arabic and Uzbek literature. The literature of every nation has its own stage of development. In addition, when we study the stages of development of the literature of each country, we can observe to some extent the influence of the literature of other near and relatively distant countries at each stage. The links and interaction of Uzbek literature with Arabic literature have a long history, and these literary ties continue to this day. If our ancestors from ancient times were familiar with the world famous work of Arabic literature "One Thousand and One Nights", then with the works of the great Uzbek thinkers and encyclopedists who lived in the early Middle Ages and the Middle Ages and wrote most of their scientific and literary works in Arabic in the genres prose and poetry have made significant contributions to the development of genres of Arabic literature. This is also reflected in the commonality of Islamic culture, religious traditions, Eastern philosophy, lifestyle as well as the works and ideas of European modernists who influenced the literature of the two peoples. These common features are important for a comparative study of the similarities in the literature of two peoples, the evolution of literary genres, the commonality of the subject and idea. Common themes in modern Arabic and Uzbek literature, the similarity of plots and images, the similarity of the literary style require a comparative typological and comparative historical study of the traditions of oriental literature and literary processes. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, artistic psychology and psychological storytelling in Arabic and Uzbek literature were ahead of other genres in their development. First of all, such psychological stories vividly describe the problems of modern society and complex aspects of human destiny.
Ushbu maqolada mamlakatimizda biznes sohasida olib borilayotgan ishlar va ularning tahlili, shuningdek, Respublikamizda biznesni rivojlantirishning yaqin yillarda kutilayotgan o‘zgarishlari turli usullar yordamida tahlil qilingan.
This article reveals new informations about such muhaddithes of Shash oasis as Imam Abdullah ibn Avana Shashi, Abu Sa’id Isa ibn Selim Shashi, Abu Muhammad Ja’far ibn Shu’ayb Shashi, Abu Is’hak Ibrahim ibn Huzeym Shashi, Abu Ali Hasan ibn Sahib ibn Hamid hafiz Shashi and e.t.c.
The scientific and creative activity of the teacher Shoislom Shomukhamedov is quite complex and this article focuses only on his works on the problems of studying Persian literature, and gives information about the teacher's involvement in this activity, the reasons for his partial love of Persian classical literature. The teacher's fruitful creative work was covered in more detail in the article.