Том 4 № 41 (2025)

Mazkur maqolada ta’lim jarayonida iqtidorli o`quvchilar bilan ishlash, ularda intellektual ijodiy salohiyatini rivojlantirish jarayonining psixologik jihatlari yoritilgan.

The primary social determinants of a prosperous life in society are examined in this article. Specifically, the social protection system, citizen security, access to healthcare and education, social justice, and cultural participation are emphasized as important components. Each criterion is analyzed in light of its intimate relationship to government policy, infrastructure condition, legal protections for citizens, and social stability. The purpose of the article is to clarify the metrics that are used to evaluate the social opportunities and standard of living of citizens.

Жамиятнинг бугунги ривожланиш жараёни инсониятни тобора янги тараққиёт чўққиларига эришаётганлигини кўрсат­моқ­да. Бу жараёнда инсоният кўпгина ютуқларни қўлга киритиш билан бирга, ўзида айрим ижтимоий салбий иллатларни ҳам ташиб юриб­ди. Инсоният ривожланиши билан ўша иллатлар ҳам ривожланиб, янги қирраларини намойиш қилмоқда. Бу каби ижтимоий салбий иллатлар сирасига коррупцияни ҳам киритиш мумкин.

Поскольку мир стремится к достижению Целей Устойчивого Развития ООН к 2030 году, понимание успехов и неудач во всех их контекстах становится критически важным. Это исследование фокусируется на роли «исполнителей» — посредников между национальным лидерством и местными усилиями. В плане Узбекистана, важность этих исполнителей как звена между политикой и действиями подчеркивает необходимость переосмысления процесса реализации ЦУР, чтобы максимально использовать стратегический потенциал для достижения устойчивого развития.

Ushbu maqolada kimyo fanidan masala yechish mashg‘ulotlarida keys-stadi texnologiyalarining samarali qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilinadi. Keys-stadi metodikasi o‘quvchilarda kimyoviy tafakkur va amaliy ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishda muhim vosita sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada keys-stadi yondashuvi yordamida muammoli vaziyatlar va real hayotiy misollar asosida masalalarni yechish jarayoni, shuningdek, axborot-kommunikatsion texnologiyalarni integratsiyalash orqali o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlash va ijodkorlik qobiliyatlarini oshirish imkoniyatlari keltirilgan .

Мақолада узоқ йиллар мобайнида Ўзбекистонда шаклланган пахта монокультураси ва унинг салбий оқибатлари, пахта монокультурасининг шаклланишига туртки бўлган омиллар ва уларнинг салбий оқибатлари ёритилган. Мақолада шунингдек, пахта монокультураси туфайли экологик таҳдидларнинг ортиб бориганлиги, муаммо ва ечимлар ҳақида сўз юритилган.

This article presents a comparative linguistic analysis of lexical units that convey human spiritual and emotional states in English and Uzbek. It explores semantic fields, metaphorical expressions, cultural connotations, and usage patterns in both languages. The study highlights how English leans toward individualistic, psychological, and often secular expressions of emotion, while Uzbek demonstrates a culturally and spiritually rooted, metaphorically rich approach.

Бу мақолада Қорақалпоғистоннинг иқлими ноқулай худудлари учун ўсимликларни танлаш ва уларни устириш тамоиллари ва қоидалари тахлил қилинган.

This study is dedicated to the linguodidactic analysis of English and Uzbek explanatory learners' dictionaries based on associative experiments. It explores the functional roles of dictionaries in language teaching, the process of meaning formation in the learner’s mind, and the role of associative links in vocabulary acquisition. Positioned at the intersection of psycholinguistics and didactics, this approach highlights the significance of associative thinking in memorizing and effectively using lexical units. The analysis provides a comparative overview of the structural, semantic, and methodological features of English and Uzbek explanatory learners’ dictionaries. Based on empirical experimentation, the study identifies the types of associative connections formed by learners when working with dictionary entries and determines their role in the development of language competence.

This study investigated immunological predictors of postoperative complications in children with Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). Forty-eight children undergoing radical surgery were examined; 20 developed postoperative enterocolitis as the main complication. Immune parameters—secretory IgA, serum IgG, IL‑6, TNF‑α, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio—were analyzed. Children with complications had significantly lower IgA (by 45 %), lower IgG (by 20 %), and higher IL‑6 and TNF‑α levels (2.1‑ and 1.8‑fold increase, respectively; p<0.05). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased 1.6 times (p<0.05). These findings indicate that immune dysfunction may predict postoperative complications and help identify children at risk before surgery.

Refractive surgery (in particular, LASIK) is widely used to correct ametropia and usually gives good visual results. However, some patients develop chronic dry eye syndrome (DES), which in some cases is accompanied by severe eye pain unrelated to the severity of clinical signs. Current data indicate the development of neuropathic eye pain (NEP) in such patients, associated with damage to the corneal nerves and central sensitization. Diagnosis and treatment of NEP require a specific approach, but in routine ophthalmological practice this pathology often remains underestimated.

Tozalagich ishchi organlari va yuritish mexanizmlari bikrlik-dissipativ kordinatalarini, elektr yuritgich mexanik harakteristikasi, texnologik qarshiliklarini inobatga olgan holda difrensial tenglamalar sistemasi olingan, yechimi asosida harakat qonunlari aniqlangan, parametrlarning tavsiya qiymatlari olingan.

Bugungi kunda urbanizatsiya jarayonlari dunyo miqyosida global demografik va iqtisodiy o‘zgarishlarning ajralmas tarkibiy qismiga aylangan. O‘zbekiston singari rivojlanayotgan davlatlarda urbanizatsiyaning jadallashuvi aholining yashash sharoitlarini yaxshilash, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyotga erishish, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish kabi omillar bilan chambarchas bog‘liqdir. Shu bilan birga, bu jarayonlar hududiy tafovutlar, infratuzilmaning nomutanosibligi, migratsion bosim va atrof-muhitga salbiy ta’sir kabi muammolarni ham yuzaga keltirmoqda.

В статье анализируется процесс адаптации первоклассников в Узбекистане – переход от дошкольной к школьной среде. Рассматриваются ключевые этапы адаптации, факторы влияния (психофизиологические, педагогические и семейные), а также методики поддержки детей на начальном этапе обучения. Отмечена важность игровой деятельности, взаимодействия с педагогом и семьей, а также создание благоприятной среды. Предложены рекомендации для педагогов и родителей.

Мазкур мақолада технологик стартаплар учун венчур капиталини жалб қилишнинг самарали стратегиялари батафсил таҳлил қилинган. Стартапларнинг ривожланишида молиявий ёрдамни жалб қилиш, бозор салоҳиятини баҳолаш ва ишончли бизнес-режа яратиш каби муҳим жиҳатлар ёритилган.

This article explores the economic and social significance of blacksmithing and artisanal production in Khorezm at the turn of the 20th century. Drawing upon archival documents, local historical records, and Russian sources, the study highlights the role of metalworking in both everyday life and regional commerce. The findings demonstrate how village and urban centers developed specialized workshops that contributed to the broader market economy.

Ushbu tadqiqot uglevodorodlar tuzilmasini vizualizatsiyalashga mo'ljallangan 3D modellarni yaratish hamda ularni maktab kimyo darslariga integratsiyalash samaradorligini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan. Tadqiqotda molekulyar geometriyani vizualizatsiya qilishda zamonaviy 3D texnologiyalar, ayniqsa augmented reality (AR) va virtual reality (VR) vositalaridan foydalanish tahlil qilingan. O'quvchilarning fazoviy tasavvur qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish, uglevodorodlarning murakkab tuzilishini tushunishni osonlashtirish va kimyo faniga bo'lgan qiziqishni oshirish maqsadida interaktiv 3D modellar ishlab chiqilgan. Eksperimental tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra, 3D vizualizatsiya vositalaridan foydalangan o'quvchilar an'anaviy 2D diagrammalar bilan o'qigan o'quvchilarga nisbatan sezilarli darajada yuqori o'zlashtirish ko'rsatkichlariga erishgan. Tadqiqot natijasi o'rta maktab kimyo ta'limida innovatsion texnologiyalarni qo'llashning pedagogik va metodologik asoslarini ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi.

This article examines advertising texts and their linguaculturological aspects. The importance of cultural values on the process of making decisions and some potential ways to avoid cultural barrier are provided as well.

This article explores the similarities and differences between Chinese and Uzbek phraseological units that involve kinship terms. Kinship terms, as essential components of any language, reflect social structure, cultural values, and historical development. By analyzing idioms and fixed expressions containing kinship references in both languages, the study identifies shared cultural connotations and distinctive linguistic features. The findings reveal how kinship-based idioms are used metaphorically to express social relationships, values, emotions, and behavioral norms.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari til ta’limida o‘qish texnikasining shakllanishi va uning ona tili hamda chet tilini egallashdagi o‘rni tahlil etilgan. Ayniqsa, badiiy matnlar orqali til o‘rganishni integratsiyalashgan tarzda yo‘lga qo‘yish, o‘quvchilarni estetik did, so‘z boyligi va nutqiy faoliyatga yo‘naltirish muhimligi yoritilgan. Maqolada nazariy asoslar bilan bir qatorda metodik tavsiyalar ham keltirib o‘tilgan.

Ushbu maqolada mamlakatimizda yuz berayotgan ekologik o‘zgarishlar, ya’ni cho‘llanish davrida o‘zini saqlash instinkti va hammavjudlik muammolari haqida mulohaza yuritiladi.

Maqolada arxiv hujjatlari asosida O‘zbekistonda oziq-ovqat sanoatining rivojlanishi Ko‘hitang tog‘i hududidagi Xo‘jaikon sanoat korxonasida kon va osh tuzini sanoat usulida ishlab chiqarishning yo‘lga qo‘yilishi misolida  ilk bor tahlil etilgan.

Maqolada badiiy asarlardagi sifatdosh fe’llarning tarkibida qo‘llanilgan tayanch so‘zlarning qo‘llanilish doirasi tahlil qilindi. Shuningdek, frazeologizmlarning boshqa so‘zlar bilan birikib qo‘llanilishi, ma’no farqlovchi xususiyatlari o‘rganib chiqildi.

This article explores how developed countries, particularly China, attract foreign investments and how Uzbekistan can apply these strategies to enhance its national economy. It analyzes key factors such as investment policies, infrastructure development, skilled labor force, and strategic partnerships that have made China successful in drawing foreign investors. The article also examines the current economic landscape of Uzbekistan, identifies challenges, and suggests reforms based on China's experience to improve Uzbekistan's investment climate and integration into the global economy.

Халқаро ҳуқуқнинг умум эътироф этилган қоидалари устунлигини тан олган мамлакатлар Конституциялари ва қонунларига мувофиқ ҳар бир шахс турли давлат органларига ариза, шикоят ва таклиф билан мурожаат қилиш ҳуқуқига эга. Бу мурожаатлар механизми ва тартиблари қоида тариқасида махсус қонун ҳужжатлари билан тартибга солинади. Ушбу халқаро ҳуқуқий ҳужжатлар талабларидан келиб чиқиб, дунё мамлакатлари конституцияларида фуқароларнинг бузилган ҳуқуқлари ва эркинликларини суд орқали тиклаш билан бир вақтда жисмоний ва юридик шахсларнинг мурожаатлари институтининг конституциявий-ҳуқуқий асослари ҳам алоҳида кўрсатиб ўтилган

Ushbu maqolada kognitiv faollik tushunchasi, uning mohiyati hamda boshlang’ich ta’lim tizimida fanlarni o’qitishda o‘quvchilarning kognitiv faolligini rivojlantiruvchi samarali metodlar tahlili berilgan.

Konstitutsiya zamonaviy demokratik jamiyatda erkinlik,adolat va faravonlikni kafolatlovchi va ta'minlovchi asosiy, huquqiy hujjatdir.Ushbu maqola konstitutsiyaning ijtimoiy taraqqiyot va inson qadr-qimmatini himoya qilish shuningdek, ragʻbatlantirishdagi rolini oʻrganadi. Tahlilda turli rivojlangan davlatlardan qiyosiy misollar keltirilib,qonun ustuvorligi va mustahkam konstitutsiyaviy mexanizmlar muhimligi, davlatning faravonligi va fuqarolarning erkinligi uchun asosiy kafolat ekanligi muhokama qilinadi.

Ushbu ilmiy ish 2021–2024 yillarda Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi Patologik anatomiya byurosida olib borilgan autopsiya ma’lumotlari asosida chaqaloqlar orasida uchraydigan pnevmoniya holatlarida buyrak usti bezi va timusdagi morfofunktsional o‘zgarishlarni aniqlashga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot davomida 101 ta 0–12 oylik davrda vafot etgan chaqaloqning morfologik, gistologik va gistometrik ko‘rsatkichlari o‘rganildi. Olingan natijalar chaqaloqlarda immun va endokrin tizim funksiyasining keskin buzilishi fonida yuzaga keladigan pnevmoniya patogenezini chuqur anglashda muhim asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu Maqolada Xalqaro Munosabatlarni Tahlil Qilishda Qoʻllaniladigan Asosiy Nazariy Yondashuvlar – Realizm, Liberalizm, Marksizm, Konstruktivizm, Feminist Va Ekologik Qarashlar – Tahlil Qilingan. Har Bir Nazariyaning Asosiy Tamoyillari, Namoyandalari Va Amaldagi Ahamiyati Alohida Koʻrib Chiqilgan.

Loyiha texnologiyasi ta’lim jarayonida o‘quvchilarning faol ishtirokini ta’minlash, ijodiy va tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirish, shuningdek ijtimoiy tashabbuskorlikni kuchaytirishda muhim vosita sifatida qo‘llaniladi. Bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlashda bu usul ularning o‘quvchilarga mustaqil va tashabbuskor yondashuvni o‘rgatish qobiliyatini oshiradi. Ushbu sharhda loyiha texnologiyasi asosida ijtimoiy tashabbuskorlikni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha ilg‘or xorijiy tajribalar tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada bolalarda nutqning fonetik-fonematik rivojlanishidagi nuqsonlar, ularning sabablari, namoyon bo‘lish shakllari va ta’sir doiralari atroflicha yoritilgan. Ayniqsa, fonematik eshituv va idrokning yetarli shakllanmaganligi natijasida yuzaga keluvchi talaffuz xatolari, tovushlarni almashtirish, tushirib yuborish kabi muammolar tahlil qilingan. Mazkur nuqsonlarning o‘qish va yozuvdagi salbiy ta’siri, shuningdek, logopedik yordamning ahamiyati, metodlari va korreksion ishlarining asosiy yo‘nalishlari bayon etilgan. Maqola maktabgacha va boshlang‘ich maktab yoshidagi bolalar bilan ishlovchi mutaxassislar uchun amaliy ahamiyatga ega.

В статье рассматривается эволюция подходов к ресурсному обеспечению проектного финансирования, акцентируя внимание на изменении ролей и форм взаимодействия ключевых участников – инвесторов, государства и банковского сектора. Анализируется трансформация механизмов привлечения и распределения ресурсов, а также особенности институциональной среды, влияющей на эффективность проектного финансирования. Предложена концептуальная модель ресурсного обеспечения, отражающая современные тренды в партнерстве публичного и частного секторов.

Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь (ГЭРБ) занимает важное место среди заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта. В последние годы отмечается рост числа пациентов с ГЭРБ на фоне ожирения, что объясняется как механическими, так и метаболическими механизмами. Повышение внутрибрюшного давления, вызванное висцеральным ожирением, способствует смещению желудка и пищевода, создавая условия для развития рефлюкса. Кроме того, гормональные изменения при ожирении (в частности, повышение уровня лептина и снижение адипонектина) также могут способствовать нарушению моторики пищевода и желудка. Современные методы хирургического лечения морбидного ожирения, такие как лапароскопическая рукавная гастрэктомия, позволяют добиться значительного снижения массы тела. Однако существует риск развития или усугубления симптомов ГЭРБ после таких вмешательств. Это связано с анатомическими изменениями после резекции желудка, в том числе с уменьшением объема и изменением угла Гиса.

In this study, the morphometric changes in the diameter of the initial and primary follicles of the ovaries of goats during postnatal ontogenesis were studied. The results of the study showed that the diameter of follicles in the ovaries consistently increases with age. The diameter of the initial follicles of the right ovary averaged 2.46±0.058 μm by 3 days and reached 9.04±0.26 μm by 60 months (growth coefficient 3.67). The follicles of the left ovary grew from 2.43±0.050 μm to 9.06±0.28 μm, respectively (growth coefficient 3.73). At the same time, the diameter of the primary follicles of the right ovary increased from 20.19±0.362 μm on day 3 to 58.56±1.35 μm at 60 months, an increase of 2.90 times was observed. The obtained data are important for understanding morphological changes in the process of sexual maturation in goats and can serve as a basis for assessing reproductive potential.

This article is devoted to the study of the main features of ensuring competitiveness based on the study of the stages of simulation modeling in the innovative development of enterprises, and to the study of areas that serve to ensure the stability of enterprises and organizations in the market. The article studies the direct relationship between the innovation-based transformation of the economy and the innovative activities of the state, private business, state institutions and the scientific community. Therefore, the study of the essence and mechanism of innovative activity is an important stage for specialists. In the development of the enterprise, there is a need to develop the information environment, introduce new modules of the enterprise, modernize data processing and rapid response channels.

According to modern perspectives, preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive condition characterized by damage to organs such as the kidneys, liver, and the hemostatic system, as well as neurological symptoms and fetal distress [2,4]. Many authors note that moderate to severe forms of PE are increasingly prevalent. These forms can lead to fetal complications and multi-organ failure in the mother. This underscores the need to predict and prevent the development of complications in other organs and tissues, including periodontal tissues, in cases of PE [1,3].