Том 4 № 47 (2025)

Ushbu maqolada PR kommunikatsiyasining nazariy va amaliy jihatlari, shuningdek, huquqiy va axloqiy asoslari tahlil qilingan. PR nazariyasi doirasida axborot tarqatish modellariga, ijtimoiy fikrni shakllantirish jarayonlariga va inqiroz kommunikatsiyasi yondashuvlariga e’tibor qaratilgan. Amaliy ko‘rinishlar sifatida ommaviy axborot vositalari bilan ishlash, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar PR’i, tashqi va ichki kommunikatsiya, hamda inqirozli vaziyatlarni boshqarish jarayonlari yoritilgan.

Ҳозирги вақтда замонавий бошқарув услубларини амалиётга жорий этиш, назорат қилиш ва ижрони текшириш шаклларини такомиллаштириш, талабчанликни кучайтириш борасида амалга оширилаётган ишлар ва давлат бошқаруви органлари раҳбарларида шахсий жавобгарликни кучайтириш бўйича қатъий чора-тадбирлар белгиланганлиги мураккаб шароитларда мауйян вазифаларни самарали амалга ошириш, иқтисодий ва ижтимоий ислоҳотларни чуқурлаштиришни таъминлаш, республикани барқарор ҳамда жадал ривожлантириш имконини беради.

Ушбу тезис Олий таълим муассасалари талабаларида ахборот маданиятини шакллантириш, Олий таълим муассасаси янги шароитларда битирувчининг касбий малакаси учун аҳамиятга эга жихатларини шакллантиришга қаратилган.

Recent technological advancements have accelerated the integration of blockchain technology into various sectors. Its unique features—such as decentralization, transparency, and security—are driving its application in public transport and logistics. This thesis proposes theoretical framework, the main advantages and obstacles of blockchain technology.

Mazkur maqolada bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning konfliktli vaziyatlarda qaror qabul qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha xorijiy davlatlar tajribalari tahlil qilinadi. Unda AQSh, Finlyandiya, Yaponiya va boshqa rivojlangan mamlakatlarda qo‘llaniladigan pedagogik yondashuvlar, trening dasturlari hamda o‘quv jarayoniga integratsiya qilinadigan interfaol metodlar o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, qaror qabul qilish jarayonida emotsional intellekt, ijtimoiy-kommunikativ kompetensiyalar va mediatsiya usullarining ahamiyati yoritiladi. Maqolada xorijiy amaliyotlarni O‘zbekiston ta’lim tizimiga moslashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar keltiriladi.

Mulberry (Morus spp.) cultivation forms the backbone of sericulture, as the leaves are the primary feed for silkworms (Bombyx mori). Sustainable mulberry cultivation practices have gained prominence in recent years due to climate change, land degradation, and the increasing demand for high-quality silk. This study explores climate-resilient mulberry farming techniques, including improved soil management, irrigation efficiency, organic and integrated nutrient management, and pest and disease control strategies. The research combines field data from India, China, and Uzbekistan with literature reviews to present a comprehensive understanding of sustainable approaches that can improve silk yield and quality under changing climate conditions.

The article examines the use of zoonyms as derivational means for describing human appearance and behavior in English and Uzbek. It highlights the semantic role of metaphors, particularly zoonym-based ones, as productive tools in expressing complex personal traits vividly and figuratively. Drawing on examples from both languages, the study categorizes zoonym metaphors into two groups: those describing physical appearance and those describing character traits. According to comparative analysis, many metaphors coincide cross-linguistically. Metaphorical zoonyms not only enrich descriptive language but also reflect cultural values and symbolic associations unique to each language community.

This article examines the constitutional guarantees of social rights in Uzbekistan, focusing on education, healthcare, and social protection. It analyzes the relevant constitutional articles, outlines key state measures ensuring these rights, and evaluates practical implementation. Special attention is given to government programs such as free education, scholarships, qualified medical care, preventive health campaigns, pensions, and social benefits. A table and diagram are included to illustrate the guarantees and their distribution across sectors. The study also identifies challenges such as regional disparities, funding limitations, and bureaucratic barriers, offering recommendations for improvement.

This article discusses the use of technologies in education, the history of their emergence, the increase in educational effectiveness based on research, and the types of integration and goals of using technologies.

This thesis explores the multifaceted effect of digital transformation in teaching language focusing on English and Uzbek learners. Through modern literature and sources in CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) and digital pedagogy, it investigates the ways of reshaping teaching methods, independence of learners and intercultural competence through, the use of online platforms, mobile applications, and AI-driven tools. The study also analyzes some barriers such as infrastructure gaps, teacher readiness, and socio-cultural adaptation challenges. Comprehensive teacher training, investment in ICT infrastructure, and policy-level initiatives for equitable access are highly recommended.

The article examines the theoretical foundations of lexical lacunae, their significance in the translation process, and their interrelation with translation studies, cultural studies, and psycholinguistics. It explores the causes of lexical gaps, the challenges they pose in translation practice, and strategies for overcoming them. Issues of equivalence and non-equivalence are also discussed in connection with the phenomenon of lacunarity.

Maqolada yuqori sinf o‘quvchilarining xorijiy til darslarida lug‘at boyligini oshirishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari yoritilgan. An’anaviy va innovatsion metodlarning o‘rni, ularning o‘zaro farqlari, ustunliklari va kamchiliklari tahlil qilingan.

Mazkur tezisda tadbirkorlik subyektlari hamda ularning turlari, tadbirkorlik subyektlarining qonun hujjatlarida belgilangan majburiyatlari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Мазкур мақолада жиноят ишини тергов қилиш босқичи: суриштирув ва дастлабки терговда суриштирувчи ва терговчилар томонидан йўл қўйилаётган процессуал хатоликлар, уларни тезкорлик билан ва самарали бартараф қилиш масалалари, қонун нормаларини қўллашда юзага келаётган амалий муаммоларнинг назарий ва амалий жиҳатлари таҳлил қилинган. Шунингдек, дастлабки тергов хатоларини бартараф қилишнинг самарали механизмларидан бири бўлган прокурор назоратига оид ҳуқуқий асослар, амалий муаммолар таҳлил қилинган.

Maqolada Ikkinchi jahon urushi davrida tashkil etilgan Turkiston legionining vujudga kelish sabablari, tarkibi, faoliyati va uning tarixiy-siyosiy ahamiyati yoritiladi. Legionning tashkil topishi urush davridagi geosiyosiy jarayonlar, milliy masalalar va Germaniya harbiy-siyosiy strategiyasi nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, legion a’zolarining urushdan keyingi taqdiri va ushbu hodisaning tarixiy bahosi haqida ma’lumot beriladi.

The pathophysiology of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is multifactorial and includes damage to dorsal roots and ganglia due to reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, peripheral and central sensitization, neuroinflammation involving proinflammatory cytokines and glial activation, as well as disturbances of ascending and descending antinociceptive pathways. Clinical phenotypic variability (pain intensity and quality, allodynia, hyperalgesia, dysesthesias), different dermatomal patterns (including involvement of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve), severity of the acute phase, and timing of antiviral therapy initiation determine heterogeneous risks for the development and severity of PHN.

The rapid development of digital technologies has transformed the global banking industry, reshaping service delivery models, operational efficiency, and customer interaction channels. This article explores the key directions for expanding the use of innovative technologies in banking services, emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, biometric authentication, big data analytics, and open banking frameworks. It also discusses the challenges, benefits, and strategic implications of adopting advanced technological solutions in the banking sector.

This thesis discusses how to prevent plagiarism in various discourses, such as in academic writing, general writing and others, following summarizing in an appropriate and relevant way. There are briefly revealed types of plagiarism too.

Maqolada tashqi savdo operatsiyalarini moliyalashtirishning hozirda xalqaro amaliyotda keng va samarali qo‘llanib kelinayotgan mexanizmlari va vositalari tahlil qilingan. Tashiq savdo operatsiyalari ishtirokchilariga sug‘urta, kafolat, kreditlash, subsidiyalash va kompensatsiyalash ko‘rinishidagi zamonaviy moliyalashtirish mexanizmlarining tashkiliy-huquqiy asoslari ko‘rsatib berilgan.

Class III malocclusion is among the most challenging dentofacial problems due to its multifactorial etiology, phenotypic heterogeneity, and variable growth trajectories. Defined by a negative sagittal jaw relationship and anterior crossbite tendency, it encompasses combinations of maxillary deficiency, mandibular excess, or both, compounded by dentoalveolar compensations. Beyond esthetic concerns, Class III discrepancies can compromise mastication, speech, periodontal health, temporomandibular joint function, and airway, with psychosocial impacts that often begin early in life.

The global food industry faces mounting challenges, ranging from climate change and demographic shifts to technological disruption and market volatility. In response, governments are increasingly turning to institutional frameworks that integrate policy, innovation, and international trade to foster competitiveness in the food sector. These frameworks function as adaptive systems, aligning national goals with global standards and local capabilities. Unlike ad hoc measures, institutionalized approaches provide coherence across agencies, continuity in strategic planning, and leverage for public–private collaboration.

Maqolada Farg‘ona vodiysida sanoat ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarida ayollar ishtirokining shakllanishi, rivojlanishi va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyati yoritiladi. Tarixiy manbalar va zamonaviy statistik ma’lumotlar asosida ayollar mehnati ulushi, ularning malaka oshirish jarayonlari hamda sanoatdagi yetakchi yo‘nalishlarda tutgan o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ayollar mehnatini tashkil etishdagi ijtimoiy-madaniy omillar va ishlab chiqarish samaradorligiga ta’sir etuvchi jihatlar ochib beriladi.

Ushbu ishda o‘zbek xalqining milliy musiqa merosining yirik namunasi bo‘lgan maqom yo‘llarini o‘qitish jarayonining maqsad va vazifalari yoritiladi. Maqom san’atining tarixi, tuzilishi, lad va ritmik xususiyatlari, ijro an’analari hamda ularni yosh avlodga o‘rgatishning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqom yo‘llarini o‘qitish orqali musiqiy idrok, estetik did, ijro mahorati va milliy g‘ururni shakllantirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari maqom san’atini amaliy va nazariy jihatdan chuqur o‘rganish, uni saqlash va rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi.

ushbu tezis ishchilarni maxsus kiyimlar va shaxsiy himoya vositalari bilan ta’minlanganlik darajasini aniqlash, mehnat xavfsizligi talablariga rioya etish holatini baholash hamda mavjud muammolarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot davomida mehnat muhofazasi bo‘yicha normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar, ishlab chiqarish jarayonidagi xavf omillari va ularning oldini olish choralari tahlil qilindi. Shuningdek, korxonalarda xodimlarni himoya vositalari bilan ta’minlash mexanizmlari, ularning sifat ko‘rsatkichlari va foydalanish samaradorligi o‘rganildi. Natijada, xavfsizlik madaniyatini oshirish va ishlab chiqarishda jarohatlanishlar sonini kamaytirishga qaratilgan amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi.

В статье рассматривается организационные основы деятельности инспектора профилактики по организации виктимологической профилактики преступлений в сфере хищения чужого имущества деятельности инспектора профилактики по организации виктимологической профилактики преступлений в сфере хищения чужого имущества в своей профессиональной деятельности. Также в работе разработаны и основаны предложения и рекомендации, организационные и правовые основы, направленные на оптимизацию деятельности инспектора профилактики по организации виктимологической профилактики преступлений в сфере хищения чужого имущества, проводится аналитическое исследование в рассматриваемой сфере.

Ушбу мақолада сув ресурсларини оқилона бошқаришда замонавий муҳандислик технологияларининг ўрни ва аҳамияти ёритилган. Суғориш, фильтрация, қайта ишлаш, автоматлаштирилган назорат тизимлари ва рақамли технологиялар каби усуллар таҳлил қилинган. Илмий ва амалий ечимлар таклиф этилган.

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Markaziy bankining valyuta siyosati va uning tashqi savdo dinamikasiga koʻrsatgan ta’siri chuqur tahlil qilingan. Milliy valyutaning ayirboshlash kursi oʻzgarishlari eksport va import hajmlariga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi, so‘mning qadrsizlanish jarayoni, 2020 - 2024 yillardagi statistik ko‘rsatkichlar asosida iqtisodiy dinamikalar yoritilgan. Maqolada valyuta kursining boshqarilishi orqali tashqi savdo muvozanatining shakllanishi, inflyatsiyaga ta’siri va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashdagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda ochib berilgan.

Многочисленные исследования сравнили эффективность цифровых и пленочных технологий маммографии, и большинство из них нашли небольшое различие в обнаружении рака молочной железы. Кроме того, существенным фактором является отказ от приобретения реактивов для рентгеновской пленки и проявочной машины [1,3]. Использование системы формализованной оценки изображения BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) Американского сообщества радиологии (American College of Radiology) позволяет врачу-рентгенологу обеспечить правильную дальнейшую маршрутизацию больной [2,4].

This article examines the strategies and challenges involved in selecting appropriate equivalents for idiomatic expressions when translating between English and Uzbek. It explores the semantic, structural, and cultural differences that influence idiom translation and analyses specific examples from literary works, films, and journalism. The study applies established translation theories, including equivalence and functionalist approaches, to evaluate how idiomatic meaning is preserved, adapted, or transformed in the target language.

Zamonaviy dunyoda radikalizm va ekstremizm global xavfsizlikka jiddiy tahdid solmoqda. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi o‘zining geosiyosiy joylashuvi va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy sharoitlari tufayli ushbu tahdidlarga duch kelmoqda. Axborot texnologiyalari (AT) rivojlanishi bilan radikal g‘oyalar internet va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar orqali tez tarqalmoqda, ammo ayni paytda AT radikalizmga qarshi kurashda muhim vosita sifatida xizmat qilmoqda. Radikalizm – jamiyatning an’anaviy qadriyatlari va ijtimoiy normalariga zid bo‘lgan ekstremal g‘oyalar va harakatlar sifatida ta’riflanadi. U ko‘pincha diniy, siyosiy yoki ijtimoiy asosga ega bo‘lib, zo‘ravonlik va ijtimoiy beqarorlikka olib kelishi mumkin.

The article examines the process of developing expressive means in beginner pianists within an academic piano class. It focuses on artistic techniques such as dynamics, articulation, agogics, timbre variety, and phrasing, and describes a gradual, step-by-step approach to their assimilation. Special attention is given to innovative teaching methods, the role of creativity in performance, and the integration of technical and artistic skills from the early stages of learning. Practical recommendations for piano teachers are provided.

This article examines the conceptual metaphors of time in English, Uzbek, and Russian, focusing on their cognitive, cultural, and linguistic aspects. Time, as an abstract category, is often understood and expressed through metaphorical mappings derived from concrete human experiences. By comparing these three languages, we identify both universal metaphorical patterns and culturally specific expressions.

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease in which genetic, endocrine, neurobiological, psychological, and social factors interact. It is associated not only with metabolic complications but also with psychological and affective disturbances, such as anxiety, depression, and dissatisfaction with body image. Understanding the interplay among these factors is essential for effective clinical management.

Financial products provided by international financial organizations are distinguished by their optimal and long-term nature in the architecture of the international financial system.

В статье проводится глубокий сравнительный анализ влияния электронной коммерции на региональное развитие и макроэкономические процессы на примере трёх ведущих платформ: Alibaba (Китай), Amazon (США) и Uzum (Узбекистан). На основе статистических данных и академических исследований рассматриваются механизмы интеграции удалённых территорий в цифровую экономику, трансформация логистической инфраструктуры, формализация бизнеса и расширение финансовой инклюзии. Alibaba продемонстрировала эффективность сельских цифровых кластеров (Taobao Villages), Amazon — масштабную перестройку логистической карты США, Uzum — быстрое формирование национального маркетплейса с региональным охватом. В заключении предложены рекомендации для Узбекистана по масштабированию положительного эффекта e-commerce с учётом международного опыта.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the international and national legal frameworks regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of legal services. It explores various governance models adopted by leading countries, including the European Union, the United States, China, and others, showing how their approaches are shaped by legal traditions, political priorities, and cultural values. The paper also examines Uzbekistan’s legal and institutional efforts to develop AI technologies, particularly through special regimes aimed at fostering innovation within the technology sector. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of aligning national AI governance with global best practices to ensure technological sovereignty, safeguard personal data, uphold human rights, and maintain economic stability. The study highlights that the responsible use of AI in legal services requires a well-balanced regulatory environment that fosters innovation while preventing risks, ultimately contributing to building public trust and strengthening the country’s position in the international technological arena.

Ushbu maqolada adabiy ta`lim berish jarayonida o‘quvchilarda motivatsiya uyg`otuvchi texnologilarni takomillashtiruvchi yana bir yangicha yondashuv yoritilgan bo‘lib, aynan ta`lim jarayoniga tatbiq etishda o‘ziga xosligi ochib berilgan.

Erkin iqtisodiy zonalar (EIZ) bugungi globallashuv sharoitida mintaqaviy iqtisodiy rivojlanishning eng muhim vositalaridan biri bo‘lib, ular nafaqat investitsiyalar oqimini jalb etadi, balki hududlarning iqtisodiy salohiyatini tubdan oshiradi. Bu zonalar xorijiy to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri investitsiyalar (XTI) uchun qulay sharoit yaratish maqsadida soliq imtiyozlari, bojxona yengilliklari, soddalashtirilgan litsenziyalash tartib-taomillari kabi keng ko‘lamli rag‘batlantirish mexanizmlarini taqdim etadi.

The -ing form is one of the most versatile and important grammatical structures in the English language. It serves various roles, functioning both as a verbal and nominal form. This dual nature allows it to appear in a range of syntactic environments, from expressing continuous actions to acting as a noun in sentences. Understanding the -ing form is essential for both learners and teachers of English, as its correct usage improves fluency, accuracy, and comprehension in both spoken and written communication. This paper aims to examine the formation, uses, classification, and common errors associated with the -ing form, as well as its pedagogical implications.

Дунёда илмий ва технологик тараққиётнинг ўзгаришлари, турли инновацион технологияларнинг пайдо бўлиши, жамият ҳаётида янги имкониятлар яратди. Ижобий натижалар олиш учун замонавий ахборот-коммуникация технологияларидан фойдаланиш кўп жиҳатдан фойдали бўлсада, уларнинг янги турдаги хатарларни пайдо бўлишига олиб келиши мумкинлигини ҳам инобатга олиш зарур.