Том 4 № 11 (2025)

Ushbu maqolada qurilish menejmenti tizimining mohiyati, asosiy funksiyalari va zamonaviy boshqaruv usullarining qurilish sohasidagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Qurilish jarayonlarida menejment tizimini samarali yo‘lga qo‘yish orqali iqtisodiy samaradorlikka erishish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan hamda amaliy takliflar ilgari surilgan.

Мақолада ўлим билан боғлиқ йўл транспорт ҳодисалари учун жавобгарлик, уларни олдини олиш борасида амалга оширлаётган ишлар, бу турдаги жиноятларнинг келиб чиқиш сабаблари муҳокама қилинган. Шунингдек йўл транспорт ҳодисаларининг криминологик таҳлили, унинг ижтимоий хавфлилигига оид фикр мулоҳазалар баён этилган. 

The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire is widely used to quantify dry eye syndrome (DES) symptoms. However, its potential in differentiating classic DES from neuropathic ocular pain (NOP) after LASIK remains incompletely understood. Given the growing number of patients complaining of pain with minimal objective signs of ocular surface damage, validation of the questionnaire as a screening tool is of practical importance.

Tozalagich ishchi organlari va yuritish mexanizmlari bikrlik-dissipativ kordinatalarini, elektr yuritgich mexanik harakteristikasi, texnologik qarshiliklarini inobatga olgan holda difrensial tenglamalar sistemasi olingan, yechimi asosida harakat qonunlari aniqlangan, parametrlarning tavsiya qiymatlari olingan.

Russian historians claim that he is the same person as Askajuvar and Chagan. The campaigns of the Arab Caliphate troops to Sughd and the Fergana Valley. The history of Khorezm coins and local rulers. Yazdighart's escape from the Arab invasion to Fergana and his return to Khorasan...

В Узбекистане цифровые технологии играют важную роль в бюджетном учете, повышая эффективность, прозрачность и доступность финансовой информации. Автоматизация процессов, внедрение электронного документооборота и развитие онлайн-платежей сокращают издержки, упрощают процедуры и улучшают контроль за расходованием бюджетных средств. Стратегия “Цифровой Узбекистан-2030” подчеркивает важность цифровизации в государственном управлении и бюджетной сфере.

This article highlights the specific role and importance of the need to maintain peace and cooperation in the context of global problems.

Mazkur maqolada o‘smirlik davriga xos bo‘lgan salbiy xulq-atvor ko‘rinishlari, ularning kelib chiqishi sabablari, rivojlanish shart-sharoitlari, namoyon bo‘lishinig psixologik xususiyatlari keltirilgan. O‘smir, uning o‘ziga xos psixologik xususiyatlari, o‘smirlardagi inqirozlar, ularning atrofga nisbatan munosabatlari, pedagogik muloqot va undagi to‘siqlar, ichki nizolar va ichki nizoning sodir bo‘lishiga, kechishiga, zo‘rayishida o‘smirning xarakter xususiyatlarida bo‘ladigan o‘zgarishlar yuzasidan tushunchalar berilgan.

В статье рассматриваются ключевые правовые проблемы, возникающие в процессе купли-продажи недвижимости в Республике Узбекистан. Особое внимание уделяется несовершенству законодательства, вопросам государственной регистрации, прозрачности сделок, а также защите прав участников. Представлены предложения по совершенствованию нормативно-правовой базы и практики правоприменения.

This thesis offers a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of public relations (PR) and its intricate relationship with media communications from their nascent stages to their contemporary forms. The research traces the origins of PR from ancient advocacy and propaganda to its formalization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, highlighting key figures and pivotal events that shaped its trajectory. It examines how technological advancements, particularly in media—from print and radio to television and the internet—have consistently influenced PR strategies and tactics. The thesis delves into the shift from one-way communication models to more interactive and integrated approaches, emphasizing the increasing importance of transparency, ethics, and stakeholder engagement in modern PR.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the methodological and linguodidactic role of using explanatory dictionaries through associative experience in the context of interdisciplinary integration, based on English and Uzbek language materials. It further examines key outcomes related to language teaching, lexicography, and integrative methodology. Experimental activities conducted with materials in both English and Uzbek demonstrate how working with explanatory dictionaries impacts the quality of learners' knowledge, their level of terminological thinking, and their ability to understand interdisciplinary connections. The paper illustrates these developments with practical examples.

This article provides general information about pneumonia (pneumonia) in children. Pneumonia is a severe infectious disease of the respiratory system, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, especially among children under 5 years of age. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia affects millions of children worldwide every year and poses a serious threat to their health. The article extensively covers the etiology of the disease, namely bacterial, viral and, in rare cases, fungal causes. It also analyzes the early signs, clinical course, diagnostic methods and modern treatment approaches of pneumonia. The importance of vaccines, hygiene rules and a healthy lifestyle in preventing the disease is emphasized. The study shows the importance of preventive measures in protecting children's health.

Mazkur tadqiqotda pnevmoniyadan vafot etgan chaqaloqlarda immun (timus) va endokrin (buyrak usti bezi) tizimlariga oid a’zolarning postmortem o‘zgarishlari chuqur morfologik va gistologik jihatdan tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot 2021–2024 yillar davomida autopsiya asosida olingan 101 nafar chaqaloq jasadi asosida olib borildi. Olingan natijalar immun va endokrin tizimlar yetilmagan holatda bo‘lganida pnevmoniya jarayonining qanday kechishi va uning o‘limga olib boruvchi mexanizmlarini aniqlashda muhim asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada duduqlanish muammosining psixologik va pedagogik jihatlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Duduqlanishning fiziologik va psixik sabablari, uning klinik ko‘rinishlari, nutqdagi mushak tortishishlari, nafas olishdagi buzilishlar va fonetik-grammatik kamchiliklar asosida yondashuvlar keltirilgan. Duduqlanuvchi bolalarda kuzatiladigan psixologik holatlar – logofobiya, hayajon, o‘ziga ishonchsizlik, nutqiy passivlik kabi omillar alohida o‘rganiladi. Maqolada duduqlanishning kechishi, darajalari, turlari va uni keltirib chiqaruvchi asosiy omillar tahlil qilinib, u bilan kurashishda kompleks yondashuv zarurligi ta’kidlanadi.

В статье рассматриваются аграрно-индустриальные регионы как ключевые звенья инвестиционного развития, особенно в странах с переходной экономикой. Проведен анализ структурных особенностей этих регионов, включая отраслевую специфику, ресурсный потенциал, инфраструктурные ограничения и институциональные факторы. Особое внимание уделено выявлению факторов инвестиционной привлекательности, роли государства и частных инвесторов, а также перспективам кластерного развития. Приведены сравнительные данные по регионам Центральной Азии, в том числе Узбекистана, и сделаны предложения по стратегическому позиционированию аграрно-индустриальных территорий в национальных и межрегиональных инвестиционных стратегиях.

Если учащийся в процессе учебной деятельности обычно работает над решением задачи, то ученый в процессе своей научной деятельности обычно работает над решениями, так называемой проблемы, которая также является задачей, но конечно , более сложной.

This article presents information on the main aspects of empathy and goodwill in adolescents whose parents are migrants, and also analyzes the scientific and theoretical aspects of the mental development of adolescents in migrant families, their behavior and the opinions of scientists.

This paper presents an approach to improving the performance of collaborative robot (cobot) assembly systems by integrating international standards and complexity analysis methodologies. Using a UR5 collaborative robot equipped with object detection cameras, experimental tasks involving the assembly of modular components were evaluated under varying complexity scenarios. The Lucas method was used to quantify product and process complexity through C1 (component complexity), C2 (assembly connection complexity), and C3 (topological complexity). The study explores how standardization—through ISO 9001, ISO 10218-1/2, and ISO/TS 15066—can enhance safety, quality, and performance consistency in human–robot collaborative environments. The results support the use of standardization as a critical factor in optimizing assembly systems aligned with Industry 4.0 principles.

В статье рассматриваются аграрно-индустриальные регионы как ключевые звенья инвестиционного развития, особенно в странах с переходной экономикой. Проведен анализ структурных особенностей этих регионов, включая отраслевую специфику, ресурсный потенциал, инфраструктурные ограничения и институциональные факторы. Особое внимание уделено выявлению факторов инвестиционной привлекательности, роли государства и частных инвесторов, а также перспективам кластерного развития. Приведены сравнительные данные по регионам Центральной Азии, в том числе Узбекистана, и сделаны предложения по стратегическому позиционированию аграрно-индустриальных территорий в национальных и межрегиональных инвестиционных стратегиях.

Uzbek folk epics are an important cultural heritage of Uzbek literature with their rich linguistic and stylistic features. This article is devoted to determining the stylistic features of folk epics by analyzing their frequency of repetition. The study analyzes the frequency of use of phonetic repetitions (alliteration, assonance), morphological structures (adjectives, types of forms) and lexical units (synonyms, archaisms, phraseological expressions) on the example of such important epics as “Alpomish”, “Gorog‘li” and “Kuntug‘mish”. It is considered how the frequency of repetition of these elements forms the stylistic identity of epics, their poetic structure and aesthetic effect. The study reveals the importance of stylistic features in epics in the general development of Uzbek literary traditions and oral creativity.

This article analyzes the pedagogical views of the Jadids who worked in Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century and their role in music education. In particular, the views of enlighteners such as A. Avloni, M. Behbudi and Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov on the development of aesthetic education, national consciousness and cultural competences through music are considered from the point of view of their compatibility with transversal competencies in the modern education system. Historical-comparative and content analysis methods were used as research methodology. The article draws a conclusion based on the main competencies of the European Union, UNESCO requirements and the situation in the music education system of Uzbekistan. It is justified that the legacy of the past should be integrated with modern approaches in the current teacher training process.

On today day popular groups are " mucoadhesive agents" ( chitosan , amylopectin) and " factor concentrators" coagulation " ( zeolites , kaolin ). Also, a group of " aggregation and adhesion stimulators " ( collagen , cellulose ) is distinguished. At the same time, representatives of the above groups have common characteristics – very high porosity and hydration capacity. More one group unites substances that “promote protein denaturation” (inorganic salts metals , as well as salts of acrylic acid and its derivatives). Polyacrylates Also are the basis of adhesives with hemostatic activity. However , most modern MGS are complex and it is this group that is the most promising . Bleeding due to trauma or surgery is a serious health problem, and uncontrolled bleeding can lead to death.

This experimental study investigated morphological changes in rat heart tissue subjected to mechanical trauma under general anesthesia (nitrous oxide – N₂O). According to histological analysis, dystrophic changes in cardiomyocytes, karyolysis, cytolysis, focal necrosis, interstitial edema, venous congestion, and leukocytic infiltration were identified. These structural changes may impair cardiac function and are essential indicators for evaluating the effects of anesthesia. The study results are significant for early detection and prevention of cardiac complications in clinical practice.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are one of the most common causes of perinatal mortality. These disorders are closely related to many factors, which makes them difficult to predict and prevent. Early diagnosis and proper treatment play a crucial role in the well-being and life of a woman and her child [2].

В  патогенезе многих заболеваний, в том числе, и развивающихся и при беременности,   важное место занимает изменение  состояния эритроцитов, в частности, их формы и взаимоотношений между клетками. Эти метаморфозы могут привести к нарушению микроциркуляции и реологических особенностей крови. Инновационные методы исследования позволяют внести ясность в ряд вопросов, связанных и изменениями клеток крови, в числе прочих, эритроцитов. 

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining eksport salohiyatini oshirish yo‘llari har tomonlama tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, eksport tarkibini diversifikatsiya qilish, mahalliy mahsulotlar raqobatbardoshligini oshirish, logistika infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish, eksportchilarni davlat tomonidan qo‘llab-quvvatlash choralari, xalqaro savdo bozorlari bilan integratsiya jarayonlari kabi omillar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, xorijiy tajribalar asosida takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

Mazkur maqolada ishlab chiqarish omillari bozori — mehnat, kapital, yer (tabiiy resurslar) va tadbirkorlik qobiliyati bozorlarining shakllanish mexanizmlari hamda ularning o‘zaro aloqadorligi neoklassik va zamonaviy iqtisodiy nazariyalar doirasida tahlil qilinadi. Mehnat bozori dinamikasi, kapitalning foiz stavkalari orqali baholanishi, yer rendasi va intellektual omillar bozorining o‘sib borayotgan ahamiyati iqtisodiy samaradorlik va daromadlar taqsimotiga ta’siri nuqtai nazaridan ko‘rib chiqiladi.

This thesis analyzes the history of the development of natural science teaching methods, their main stages, and their current status in relation to modern requirements. It provides information about the historical context of natural science teaching, and how it has changed since ancient times and in modern education systems.

Ushbu tezisda tijorat banklari faoliyatida komplayens funksiyasining ichki nazorat tizimidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Komplayens nazorati bank operatsiyalarining milliy va xalqaro qonunchilikka muvofiqligini ta'minlash, moliyaviy jinoyatlarning oldini olish va axloqiy me’yorlarga rioya etilishini nazorat qilish vositasi sifatida qaraladi. Tezisda ichki nazorat tizimi doirasida komplayens funksiyasining integratsiyalashuvi, uning asosiy vazifalari va zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalar asosida rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, “Agrobank” ATB misolida komplayens tizimining samaradorligini oshirish bo‘yicha amaliy yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Natijada, komplayens funksiyasi bank faoliyatining barqarorligini ta’minlashda strategik ahamiyat kasb etuvchi asosiy omil sifatida e’tirof etiladi.

В данной научной статье рассматривается современное состояние практики управления рисками в коммерческих банках Узбекистана, актуальные проблемы и пути их решения. Сегодня банки, выполняя функцию финансовых посредников, сталкиваются с различными рисками. В частности, кредитный риск, риск ликвидности, процентный риск и операционный риск оказывают серьёзное влияние на финансовую устойчивость и эффективность деятельности банков. В исследовании анализируется национальная банковская практика на основе рекомендаций Базеля III и рекомендуются современные подходы к выявлению, оценке, мониторингу и минимизации рисков. Обосновываются возможности эффективного управления рисками посредством внедрения автоматизированных систем управления рисками, усиления функций внутреннего аудита и комплаенса, а также повышения квалификации сотрудников на основе передового зарубежного опыта и цифровых технологий.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda aksiyalar bozorining rivojlanish istiqbollari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda fond bozorining milliy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘rni, uning institutsional infratuzilmasi, huquqiy-me’yoriy bazasi, investitsion muhitga ta’siri va sarmoyadorlar faolligi nuqtai nazaridan o‘rganilgan. Ayniqsa, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi tomonidan so‘nggi yillarda amalga oshirilayotgan iqtisodiy islohotlarning aksiyalar bozori rivojiga ta’siri, raqamlashtirish jarayonlari, birlamchi va ikkilamchi bozor mexanizmlari, IPO jarayonlari va korporativ boshqaruv tizimining ahamiyati alohida tahlil etilgan. Maqolada xalqaro tajriba asosida O‘zbekiston aksiyalar bozorining joriy muammolari va ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari mamlakatda kapital bozorini chuqurlashtirish va xususiy sektorga sarmoya oqimini kengaytirish uchun zarur ilmiy va amaliy asoslarni yaratishga qaratilgan.

Ushbu ilmiy tezisda elektron tijorat sohasining jadal rivojlanishi bilan bog‘liq holda yuzaga kelayotgan soliqqa tortish muammolari va ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha takliflar tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida an’anaviy soliq mexanizmlari tobora samarasizlashib, davlat byudjetiga tushumlarning kamayishiga sabab bo‘lmoqda. Ayniqsa, xalqaro elektron savdo platformalarining faoliyati milliy soliq bazasidan chetda qolayotganligi, soliq oqibatlarining aniqligini pasaytiradi.

This article explores the impact of Electronic Document Circulation Systems (EDCS) on the efficiency of higher education institutions.

Yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari, ayniqsa o‘tkir koronar sindrom (O‘KS), zamonaviy tibbiyotda o‘lim va ish qobiliyatini yo‘qotish holatlarining asosiy omillaridan biri hisoblanadi. O‘KS, odatda, ST-segment ko‘tarilishi bilan kechadigan miokard infarkti, xavfli aritmiyalar va yurak etishmovchiligining tezkor rivojlanishi bilan xarakterlanadi. Jahon Sog‘liqni saqlash Tashkiloti (JSST) ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, 2023 yilda yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari tufayli dunyo bo‘yicha 18 milliondan ortiq o‘lim holati qayd etilgan.

В данной научной диссертации анализируется практика осуществления контроля за исполнением внешнеторговых контрактов в банковской системе Республики Узбекистан. В условиях роста внешнеэкономической деятельности обеспечение законности и своевременности исполнения контрактов, заключенных по экспортно-импортным операциям, является актуальным для экономической безопасности и финансовой стабильности государства. Банки, особенно коммерческие, играют важную посредническую роль, осуществляя мониторинг этих контрактов, контролируя их исполнение в валютных операциях и предоставляя соответствующую информацию в Центральный банк. В статье рассматриваются практические проблемы в процессе контроля, международный опыт и предложения по их решению.

Mazkur maqolada innovatsion loyihalarni moliyalashtirish jarayonida yuzaga keladigan asosiy risk turlari tizimli ravishda o‘rganiladi. Xususan, texnologik, moliyaviy, bozor, qonunchilik, operatsion va reputatsion xatarlar alohida tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ushbu risklarni identifikatsiyalashda qo‘llaniladigan zamonaviy usullar  hamda ularni baholashning sifat va miqdoriy yondashuvlari (risk matritsasi, EMV, Monte-Karlo simulyatsiyasi, sezuvchanlik tahlili) asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot yakunida innovatsion loyihalarning barqarorligini oshirish maqsadida amaliy taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi.

В данной научной работе рассматривается стратегическая роль внутреннего аудита в оценке эффективности системы внутреннего контроля и управления рисками в банках. Актуальность данной темы заключается в том, что в современных условиях глобализации и цифровой трансформации банковская система сталкивается с многочисленными рисками. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в укреплении механизмов внутреннего аудита и выводе их на стратегический уровень управления.

Orolbo‘yi mintaqasi jahonda ekologik falokat sifatida tan olingan hududlardan biri bo‘lib, uning barqaror rivojlanishini ta’minlash dolzarb vazifaga aylangan. Ushbu ilmiy ishda Orolbo‘yida ekologik innovatsiyalar va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy etish asosida "ekologik innovatsiyalar va texnologiyalar hududi"ni shakllantirish zarurati asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot davomida quyosh va shamol energetikasi, suv tejovchi texnologiyalar, tuzga chidamli qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlari, cho‘lga qarshi ko‘chat ekish hamda bioxilma-xillikni tiklash kabi ustuvor yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilinadi. Mazkur yondashuvlar orqali ekologik tizimni barqarorlashtirish, yashil iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish va iqlim o‘zgarishiga moslashuvga erishish mumkinligi isbotlanadi. Annotatsiyada xalqaro tajriba va ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar asosida Orolbo‘yi uchun mos innovatsion model taklif etilgan.

Ushbu tezisda tijorat banklarida asosiy vositalar hisobi yuritilishi va ularni moliyaviy tahlil qilish amaliyotining hozirgi holati tahlil qilinadi. Asosiy vositalar bank infratuzilmasining ajralmas qismi bo‘lib, ularning to‘g‘ri va zamonaviy hisobga olinishi bankning aktivlarini real baholash va samarali boshqarish uchun muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Tadqiqot davomida mavjud muammolar aniqlanib, xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlari asosida hisob yuritishni takomillashtirish, amortizatsiya siyosatini optimallashtirish va asosiy vositalar tahlilini raqamli platformalar asosida avtomatlashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqildi. Mazkur yondashuvlar banklarning moliyaviy holatini aniqlashda hamda boshqaruv qarorlarini qabul qilishda muhim axborot manbai sifatida xizmat qiladi.

Uzbekistan has embarked on significant civil service reforms in recent years as part of a broader modernization and anti-corruption agenda. A milestone was the adoption of the Law of 8 August 2022 No. ZRU-788 “On Civil Service,” which took effect in November 2022. This new law establishes the legal framework for the state civil service, introducing merit-based principles, ethical standards, and institutional mechanisms to professionalize public administration. The reforms aim to create a modern, efficient civil service that operates with integrity and transparency, aligning with international standards that call for meritocracy and accountability in public service. This thesis analyzes the key legislative reforms regulating Uzbekistan’s civil service – especially the 2022 Law on Civil Service – and evaluates their effectiveness in terms of transparency, professionalization, and depoliticization. Comparisons will be drawn with selected international practices to assess how Uzbekistan’s reforms measure up to global principles of good governance.