In Iranian studies, the scientific description of the Dari language mainly notes its differences from the modern Persian language. In the word-formation of the Dari language, special attention is paid to the affixational word-formation of parts of speech. In recent years, the comprehensive development of the Dari language has become noticeable, during which time there have been tangible changes in all its fields. In this regard, the study of the questions of the ways of forming, developing and improving the Dari language, substantiating the reasons, regularities and possibilities of this process, as well as determining the principles of word-formation, is becoming increasingly essential. This, in turn, points to the need for a separate study of the Dari language directly based on its materials. The article studies affixal and semi-affixal word-formation and the problems of compounding in the Dari language within the framework of genetically related languages. The derivational affix in the Dari language, also in Persian, produces a word that belongs to a certain lexical-grammatical category: in derived words, derivational features are simultaneously categorical. The leading role in replenishing the vocabulary of the modern Dari language belongs to word-formation through semi-affixes. In the Dari language, words in which the second part is expressed by a verb (the stem of simple verbs of the present tense, their variants with the suffix -i or the particle of negation, the form of the imperative mood) make up the majority of word-formation. The stems of prefix and compound verbs of the present tense are much less common here. Due to a large number of verbal word morphemes, semi-affixation, as well as affixation and compounding, is the most productive way in the system of word-formation. Semi-suffixes are used mainly in the formation of new socio-political and scientific-technical terms. In word-formation, an indicator of the method of lexicalization, i.e. the transformation of combinations with conjunction into complex words is high enough. The process of lexicalization of word-combinations in the Dari language is still at the stage of formation, which gives reason to assert the complexity of the distinction between a complex word and a word-combination. Among the phonetic, grammatical and semantic features that make it possible to distinguish a complex word from a word-combination, the main one is the grammatical feature.
This article is devoted to translations and research into world languages of Liao Jai's works of miracles. They were written by the great Chinese storyteller Pu Songling, who wrote under the pseudonym Liao Jai, who laid the foundation for the development of the magic novella and the creator of a unique school of folklore writing. It examines some issues, in particular the translations of short stories and their publications. Three centuries ago, he created Liao Jai's "Stories of Miracles". According to some reports, Pu Songling wrote about 500 short stories. However, some of his stories have not reached us. Throughout his life, the writer collected stories about extraordinary events and magical things, as well as folk anecdotes. No Chinese writer would know so many different forms of stories other than Pu Songling. In Chinese literature, the term story refers to the processing of folk tales and legends, sometimes parables or anecdotes, and in some cases - ancient stories or short stories. As a result of research and observation during this writing, it became known that from the 18th century to the present, Liao Jai's Strange Miracle Stories has been translated into more than twenty languages. The translations were into English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Czech, Greek, Polish, Hungarian, Russian, Irish, Latvian, Uzbek, Tajik, Kyrgyz, Russian, Ukrainian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Mongolian and other languages. In the course of this study, it was found that among the Chinese classical literature, there are very few works translated into such a number of languages. No historical work can detail the landscape of the past in as much detail as fiction. In this sense, Pu Songling's work is a reflection of the life of the Chinese people, an integral part of cultural heritage, a source of information that allows one to reflect on the life and uniqueness of different strata of Chinese society.
Изучение дисфункции ВНЧС и совершенствование ранней диагностики у пациентов при односторонней буккальной окклюзии зубных рядов.
В современных условиях появляется настоятельная необходимость в комплексном регулировании и изучении тех или иных отношений. В связи с этим различными авторами высказывается мнение о необходимости становления комплексных (таких как инвестиционных – С.Б.) отраслей права с тем, чтобы обеспечить целостное правовое регулирование и, соответственно, изучение отношений по направлениям.
There were studied histories of disease 38 children, revealed by method tuberculin
diagnostics and 49 children, revealed by method digital fluorography, at age 7-14 years. We have
been special questionnaire. The study of factors was built on study nonspecific and specific
factors. The method tuberculin diagnostics were more often revealed primary forms of the
disease, method digital fluorography alongside with primary forms, become be revealed and
secondary forms tuberculosis specific gravity which in structure has formed 12%. We to manage
to install that in modern condition are saved, as well as enlarge its specific gravity social factors
risk of the development of the tuberculosis such as many children family, factor of the stress,
incomplete families, residence in boarding-school, in house without amenities. For present-day
day gain special urgency such factors risk as HIV-infection beside child and parents, contact
with patients, who have multidrug resistance forms of tuberculosis.
To study the quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora, as well as indicators of local protective factors in the oral fluid in children with viral hepatitis C. Material and methods: Microbiological and immunological studies in 61 children with viral hepatitis C (HCV), which were divided into 3 groups: 1st (control) – 10 healthy children, 2nd – 30 children with viral hepatitis C (traditional treatment), 3rd – 21 children with HCV (traditional therapy+eubiotics). Results: When conducting microbiological studies in the oral fluid of children with viral hepatitis C, the most pronounced quantitative changes were found in the facultative flora. With HCV, microbes appeared in the oral cavity that was not sown in healthy children (Staph. aureus, Str. pyogenes and lactose-negative strains of Escherichia). Conclusions: It is necessary to take into account when providing medical care to such children.
The aim of study was to research the effect of darmonal and phytin compounds on the amount of glycogen and lactic acid in the liver tissues.
Materials and methods. The new compounds of phytin-C were studied: phytin-C, cobalt phytate and patent substance of darmonal obtained from wheat grain cells grown under special conditions. For comparison, the bioflavonoid of plant origin Liv-52, being used in treatment of liver diseases, was also studied. The study was carried out on 60 white rats weighing 120-150 g. The toxic hepatitis was caused by subcutaneous administration of 50% carbon tetrachlormetan oil solution in dose 0.8 ml/100 g for 4 days.
Results. The results showed that the combined introduction of extract significantly enlarged the outcome at joint use drug Liv-52 in animals, and, especially such effect was noticeable with addition phytin-C. The use bioactive substance in combination with complex phytin compound was more effective for accumulation of glycogen in the liver than using the drugs separately, hepatotoxin - carbon tetrachlormetan reduced carbohydrate metabolism and led to increase glycogen in liver tissues as well as the decreased lactic acid. It was determined that the combined treatment was more effective at toxic hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachlormetan, it had the hepatoprotective effect and improved liver function.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common and serious diseases, which in the world suffer from 3 to 12% of the child population of the globe. Proportion of adolescents with asthma, is one third of all children with this disease. High prevalence of asthma in the numbers of teenagers, characteristics of the disease, age-related aspects of the functioning of the endocrine and immune systems of teenagers that cause difficulties which arise in the course of the diagnostic process, highlight the need to find innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
It is known that the key immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the vast majority of AD cases is real and indisputable fact. Currently, considerable interest to researchers involved in the pathogenesis of positions of allergic diseases, especially asthma, along with IL-4 and IL-13 causes a number of other (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-5, INF-a and INF-y) immunoregulatory cytokines.
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Currently available data on the relationship with asthma and associated with disease symptoms polymorphism approximately 150 genes. Important role as the main contender for the predisposition to asthma gene is a gene encoding flchain of high affinity receptor IgE. Interaction elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE with FceRip plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Particularly attractive candidate gene asthma is also one of the enzyme genes biotransformation - GSTirl, encoding glutathione S-transferase and л1 express almost exclusively in the pulmonary tissue. This gene is located at the locus 11 ql 3, for which repeatedly shown clutch with atopic symptoms. Accumulated in the literature say about the relationship of gene polymorphism FceRI, GSTnl with different allergic diseases.
From this perspective, the study of immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease for the construction of rational treatment and prevention emphasizes the relevance of this thesis research.
From the earliest days of independence, the country has successfully implemented state programs aimed at reforming the health care system. As a result, the targeted implementation of organizational health and research activities aimed at effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment of asthma among adolescents, with some success in the treatment of this disease in the country. However, now the problem of early diagnosis and the development of effective programs for treatment and prevention among adolescents with asthma remain one of the most important issues of modern health care. This research work was carried out in the framework of the tasks set by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to improve the health of women and the younger generation," dated 25.01.2002 for the №32. In this regard, the need to deepen the information received about the state of cellular and humoral immunity among adolescents, asking pathogenetic informative immunogcnctic studies in asthma arc one of the important criteria demand the dissertation topic.
Purpose of research is study the immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of asthma in adolescents and form the basis of this plan rational diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology.
In To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
to establish the clinical course of asthma in the population of adolescents living in the Samarkand region, in the early stages of the pathological process in the bronchopulmonary system.
explore the features of the state of cellular and humoral immunity, as well as activation markers in asthma in adolescence by determining the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
to examine the level of production of immunorcgulatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interfcron-y and install them pathogenetic informative in asthma among adolescents.
to determine the features of distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic variants of genes and FceRip GSTnl population Uzbek people with asthma, compared with the healthy part of the population.
examine the clinical and immunological aspects effectiveness of therapies using drugs and polioksidony tsikloferon in patients with asthma in adolescence.
on the basis of studies to develop a multivariate model of formation of bronchial asthma and develop an optimal algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention in adolescents with this pathological condition.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
proposed introduction to the work of doctors teen clinics layered approach testing can significantly improve the detection rate of asthma in adolescence and optimize treatment and preventive measures in high-risk groups;
first defined the peculiar characteristics of the quantitative parameters of the immune status of patients with asthma in the cohort of adolescence and the corresponding proposed regulations and guidance documents for the healthy part of the adolescent population;
for the first time presents a comprehensive assessment of the cytokine profile of blood serum in bronchial asthma in adolescents. Specific features of products immunorcgulatory cytokines IL-6 and INF-y and their pathogenetic and regulatory information content in asthma among adolescents;
first analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants and gene FceRip GSTirl among patients with different phenotypic variants of AD and healthy individuals of Uzbek nationality, which resulted in the identified markers of increased risk or, conversely, resistance to the development of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity;
algorithms for phase diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescence in terms of disclosure of important moments of the pathogenesis of the disease, allowing to build a rational sequence of diagnostic search, aimed at verifying the diagnosis and expedient construction of preventive measures.
Conclusion
1. Set the frequency of occurrence of the disease and the structure of "asthma" in the arid zone among teens. Said pathology is recorded in 9,6% of the population surveyed adolescents, while the disease is more common among females. In the structure of the disease prevails periodical exposure and mild persistent form.
2. Identified by clinical features of asthma among adolescents living in the arid zone, indicate a high frequency of lesions of the bronchial tree association with allergic processes in other organs and tissues: in 73,9% of the AR, 53,7% with AK. 16,6% with BA and 14% with urticaria/angiocdcma.
3. Found that in the study population of patients with asthma adolescence occur expressed disturbances of the immune status, manifested deficit indicators as cell (CD3‘, CD4+, CD8 , CD16+), and humoral immunity (CD19 , IgA, IgG, IgM) and activation markers (CD23+, CD95). The immune status of patients with asthma in young people, adolescence has distinctive features, the depth of detected violations immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the younger age group.
4. In patients with bronchial asthma in adolescence revealed distinct changes in cell-cell interactions in the immune system: a significant increase in the content of Th2-cclls secreted IL-6 is a regulator of maturation of antibodies and immunoglobulin production itself, and vice versa reducing regulator activity of Th 1-cell cytokine INF-y.
5. It was found that the contents of cytokines IL-6, INF-y and in the peripheral blood is in communication with one pathogenic disease. It is shown that the lowest level of INF-y production in the scrum is characteristic of allergic clinical pathogenic variant asthma in adolescence. Adolescents suffering from predominantly infectious form of asthma, there is a sharp trend towards increased production of IL-6 in peripheral blood.
6. Revealed that markers of increased risk of allergic forms of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity arc genotype FceRip-109T/T allele FceRip-109T, low-risk markers - FcsRip-109C/C and allele Fc£Rip-109C. A high degree of cohesion genotype FcsRip-109T/T allele and FcsRip-109T with hereditary burden of asthma in the Uzbek population.
7. Among females ethnic Uzbek Association revealed lie-105 allele and genotype Ilc-105/Ilc-105 polymorphic gene locus GSTkI at high risk for asthma. Revealed that the genotype associated with the development Ilc-105/Ilc-105 allergic form of asthma in adolescents Uzbek population.
8. Complex therapy with adolescents’ patients with asthma ciklofcron and polyoxidonium, providing immunocorrective effect, enhances the clinical efficacy of basic therapy. In the study of prophylactic efficacy of immunomodulators positive indicators prevailed in the group of patients receiving polioksidony, necessitating its inclusion in the priority scheme of integrated treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescents.
This article describes the content of al-Hakim al-Termizi's teaching and the analysis of its study abroad. Students should develop their theoretical and methodological skills based on the study of al-Hakim al-Tiemizi in foreign countries, learn the legacy of scholars, demonstrate their skills based on the comparative analysis of his works, and learn about new information provided by foreign researchers. Features such as data processing and classification have been developed. Scientific studies on the study of Al-Hakim al-Termizi's teachings abroad were studied and compared. Based on the results of the analysis, a classification of the scholar's works in the following directions: Qur'anic interpretation, hadiths, theology, legal philosophy, history of Sufism, Sufism teaching is presented.