Torsion and necrosis of the omentum strand is a casuistic disease and occurs in 0.06% – 0.14% of all urgent surgical pathologies in the abdominal organs. Taking into account the rare occurrence and the absence of a characteristic symptoms complex in the torsion of the omentum strand the preoperative diagnosis is correctly established in single cases. The etiology of the development of this pathology remains amystery in modern medicine and attracts more interest in itself due to the difficulty in diagnosis namely in the preoperative period. There are predisposing factors (adhesions in the abdominal cavity, ventral hernia, obesity, chronic inflammation of the abdominal organs) and producing factors (physical activity, eating a large amount of food, a sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure or sudden contraction of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall). Most often, the clinic of torsion of the omentum strand simulates such abdominal pathologies as acute appendicitis, acute intestinal obstruction of adhesive etiology, acute cholecystitis. Over the past decade, minimally
invasive surgery has become widespread, in particular laparoscopic surgery, as a
multi-port and single-port. The article highlights the difficulties of preoperative
diagnostics, the role of laparoscopy in differential diagnostics and the features of the
clinical course of torsion and necrosis of the fatty structures of the abdominal cavity
Minimally invasive surgical interventions are widely used both in planned surgery and urgent surgery. To date, the share of acute intestinal obstruction in emergency abdominal surgery accounts for about 10% of all diseases of abdominal cavity. The use of video laparoscopy in acute adhesive intestinal obstruction contributes to early recovery of intestinal motor function, early activation of patient and reduction in bed-days.
Postoperative adhesion formation is the most common complication in general surgical practice with a frequency of more than 90% after abdominal surgery and up to 70% after thoracic surgery (Aysan E. et al. 2020, Banka R. et al. 2018). The frequency of relaparotomy and retorakotomy, according to various literature data, is estimated at 63% -97% (Bhatnagar R. et al. 2016, De Wilde RL et al. 2016). Repeated surgical procedures are more time-consuming and technically difficult, which, in turn, creates a potential risk of damage to vital structures. The paper analyzes the results of experimental and morphological studies, substantiates the effectiveness of the prevention of adhesion formation by using a domestic anti-adhesion agent in the form of a powder from cellulose derivatives. The biological safety of the new anti-adhesive coating has been determined under experimental conditions. 32 white outbred rats were used as experimental animals.
To date, many methods of surgical treatment of funnel chest deformity have been proposed, but they all have one pronounced and significant drawback - very high trauma. Despite the fact that the first operation for funnel chest deformity was performed more than 100 years ago, the problem of treating this disease cannot be considered completely solved. This is indicated by the fact that more than a hundred methods and modifications of surgical intervention are used to correct the funnel-shaped deformity of the chest in children.
A large number of complications and mortality in elderly and senile patients with acute appendicitis prompts clinicians to search for effective methods of diagnosis and treatment using modern technologies. Ultrasound revealed echographic features that served as an indicator of the local inflammatory and destructive process in the appendix. The integrated use of modern radiation and minimally invasive examination methods contributes to intensification and accuracy of diagnostics, ensuring the formation of a rational treatment program.
Early detection of purulent inflammatory diseases in young children and proper performance of qualified surgical care and prevention of complications is one of the medical requirements. There are relative guidelines for the treatment of acute surgical infection in an outpatient setting. The aim of the study is to identify the indications for early diagnosis and treatment of acute purulent inflammation that occurs in children of this age. In 2015 - 2020, we treated patients treated in the surgical infection department of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. The anamnesis of 474 patients with purulent inflammatory diseases in young children was studied.
The article presents the results of the study, including both the epidemiological aspects of the disease and the factor analysis of the main causes of unsatisfactory treatment results, according to the largest institution specialized in COVID-19 – the Republican Specialized Multidisciplinary Infectious Diseases Hospital (Zangiata No. 1) – from the opening of the medical center on July 09, 2020 to December 31, 2020.