This article analyzes the method of word formation using the “generalizing method" of morphemic contraction in the сhinese language, and relevant examples are given. To this end, the article sets the following tasks: analyze theoretical approaches to сhinese linguistics; studying the features of the expression of the types of “generalizing method” of morphemic contraction; analyze the methods of morphemic contraction using examples from сhinese social and political texts. Within each method, they were grouped into several species based on similar and different characteristics. Methods of morphemic contraction have been studied and analyzed with various examples. In the morphemic contraction of the modern сhinese language, only four word-formation models were observed: copulative, object-verb, attributive, and subject-predicative. In this method, a compound word will look like “quantity + component (word / morpheme)”. The number of abbreviated words is expressed by the number and the main component, which summarizes or means the meaning of all abbreviated words. In the “generalization” method, reduction units are divided into two: reduction of words and phrases. The "quantitative number" has a fixed position. In two-compound complicated words, “quantitative number” occurs at the beginning of the word, that is, in the first syllable, in three-complex compound words in the first or second syllables, in four-complex compound words in the second and fourth syllables. There are two different opinions on the “generalization” approach. In this work, the first opinion is welcomed, since the “component” in “number + component” does not have to be a common component in each equal word, but it can also be a separate word representing a common meaning.
This article is devoted to the study of Turkish phraseological units, special attention is paid to the study and analysis of phraseological units with the “baş” component. The main goal of the authors was to study somatic phraseological units, which include the “baş” component, study their semantics, and analyze their use in oral and written speech. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: the study of the scientific literature on phraseological units; the study of scientific works devoted to somatic phraseological units of the Turkish language; finding sources related to the topic of the study, and collecting material; semantic analysis of somatic phraseological units with the “Baş” component; formulation of conclusions based on the results of the analysis. The article uses lexical-semantic and conceptual-analytical research methods. In the part of the article that illuminates the degree of knowledge of the topic, a comment is given to a number of noteworthy scientific papers. The article notes that language is a means of communication between members of society, serves a person as a means of helping to express their thoughts and inner experiences verbally and in writing, that each person, when presenting his thoughts, uses a number of ways to make his speech more beautiful and more informatively, that among these methods the use of phraseological units is the most effective. The authors emphasize that phraseological units enrich written and oral speech, and provide a more complete and clear presentation of thoughts. The article carried out a study of 217 phraseological units in which the “baş” component functions, shows the difference in their content, structure and composition, analyzes the most frequent phraseological units with the “baş” component used in oral and written Turkish speech. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion was made about the use of phraseological units with the “baş” component in various situations. Most of these phraseological units are used in a problem situation, the number of such phraseological units is 65. Along with this, the author notes the cases of using phraseological units with the “baş” component in the following situations: physical condition (29), mutual respect (17), in the process of excitement (14), and leadership and leadership (14).
The article presents findings which may be useful for solving an urgent medical problem on the adequacy of anesthetic management during planned surgical interventions in children with abdominal pathology.
Phrases are the most important and unique units of any language and are expressive means used to understand world culture and human characteristics. The purpose of this study is to classify phrases with an el (hand) component and to identify their semantic features.
The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of children with a mixed form of strabismus in 30 children aged 5 to 12 years. The vertical component in the mixed form of strabismus was expressed by hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscle (IOM). All the examined children were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 16 children, in whom the first stage of surgical intervention was performed to eliminate the deviation angle on horizontal motors with their transposition upward or downward. In the second group (14 children), the superiority of surgery was taken by the elimination of vertical deviation - surgery on the IOM. The results of surgical treatment showed that in 1st group the vertical component was eliminated in 58% of cases, while the overaction and residual angle of “V” pattern were preserved. In 2nd group, the vertical component was corrected in 89% of cases and the overaction was eliminated. Thus, a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of children with a mixed form of strabismus showed that the first stage of surgical intervention is to perform surgery on the IOM.
Subjects of research: words, word combinations and phraseological units expressing functional-semantic field of affection (FSFA) in the English and Uzbek languages.
Purpose of work: to analyze semantic, lingua-cognitive, sociolinguistic, lingua-cultural and gender peculiarities of linguistic means expressing FSFA in the English and Uzbek languages and to reveal their similarities and differences in the English and Uzbek languages.
Methods of research: the method of componcntial analysis, the method of pragmatic analysis, the comparative-typological method, statistical method and experimental method.
The results obtained and their novelty arc determined in the following eases: FSFA in the English and Uzbek Languages is investigated in monographic way; the term affection and its attitude towards the other linguistic terms is determined: semantic component of affection is determined in the English and Uzbek languages; affection is revealed in phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactical language levels and stylistic and phraseological means; the significance of the intensive means of affection are defined; FSFA is classified according to sociolinguistic peculiarities in the English and Uzbek languages; affection is analyzed according to the addressee it is referred to; etymological features of affection arc revealed; the gender peculiarities of FSFA are discovered; national and cultural sememe of affection is determined, national and cultural peculiarities of FSFA arc analyzed, its general and national peculiarities arc revealed.
Practical value: the results of investigation can be used in delivering the course of Lexicology, Stylistics, Linguaculturology, the Theory of translation and as well as in writing the graduation-qualification papers of master course students, and in compiling explanatory and translation dictionaries.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the investigation have been implemented into the practice at the courses of the Practical Translation, Stylistics, Linguaculturology for the students of the translation theory and practice department of the translation faculty in the Uzbek State World Languages University.
Field of application: General Linguistics, Comparative Typology of English and Uzbek, the Theory and Practice of Translation, Cultural Studies, Stylistics, Phonetics, Grammar.
В статье раскрывается проблематика гендерного дисбаланса среди школьников и студентов ВУЗов, поступающих на STEM направления. Анализируется гендерная статистика поступивших студентов в сфере образования на уровне Нукусской Президентской школы и Каракалпакского Государственного университета им. Бердаха в Каракалпакстане. Статистические данные демонстрируют гендерный разрыв на всех ступенях образования- как на уровне среднего, так и в сфере высшего образования. Результаты исследования доказывают, что количество девушек, выбирающих STEM направления существенно отстают от показателей представителей мужского пола.
Тоponim komponentli frazeologiyaliq birlikler, olardi anıqlaw, xarakteristikalaw, kontekstag’i konnotaciyasi menen uyqas kelmewi mumkinligin aniqlawg’a járdem beredi. Frazeologiyaliq birliklerdiń ózgeriwi olardıń semantikasini keńeytiwge, miynettiń syujet sızıǵı hám obrazlı sistemasına kiriwine járdem beredi. Ingliz toponimik frazeologiyaliq birlikleri kórkem kontekstte tekǵana kórkem ádebiyatqa baylanıslı miynettiń ekstralingvistik fonın sáwlelendiredi ha’m avtordıń arnawlı bir xarakter, hádiyse yamasa jaǵdayǵa bahasin aniqlap beredi
The article discusses the implementation process of Smart City governance system in Uzbekistan. The research found several components of smart governance. In particular, Smart Education System component have discussed in details on the experience of Uzbekistan. Important tasks for today in the context of organization modern education system and their alternative solutions were outlined. The current state of the education system and their transformation to national standards based on international experience were assessed. The author focused on the fundamental foundations of significant results achieved in the field of integrated education over the years of independence, and emphasizes the importance of the system in implementing innovative changes based on practical examples. Achievements in the implementation of modern education have described in terms of the attributes of Smart education. Also, measures for the introduction of smart education in Uzbekistan were analyzed on the basis of real statistics and general summaries were presented.
Ушбу мақолада лексик-семантик майдон оламнинг лисоний ва бадиий манзарасининг бир қисми эканлиги борасида фикр юритилади.
This article reveals the general grammatical properties of reduplication on example of nouns in Japanese. The concept of "reduplication" (from lat. "Reduplikatio - "doubling") today does not have a clear and general definition for all researchers. In different interpretations under this concept the unequal circle of the phenomena-from a set of intraverbal to a set of interverbal doublings is brought. The most common structural types of reduplication are represented in different languages in one form or another. In all languages (or in most languages), reduplication can be complete (complete doubling of the reduplicant in the reduplicator) and divergent (with a change in the sound composition of the reduplicant). Along with the universal structural-semantic manifestations of reduplication, different languages are characterized by a peculiar interpretation of general, invariant structural types of intraword doubling and general, invariant semantics. As our observations show, being few in each particular language, the most productive models of reduplication generally coincide in languages with the same morphological structure. At the same time, differently structured languages show clear differences in this respect. In isolating and agglutinative languages that use the agglutinative technique in word construction, reduplication occurs within the root morpheme. In Slavic languages with synthetic inflectional order, synonymous suffixes and prefix morphemes are predominantly duplicated. With significant similarities in structural models of reduplication, languages of the same morphological type also have differences in this respect, although very slight. Such discrepancies mainly concern the productivity, unproductiveness of some structural models within the same onomasiological classes.
В статье представлен содержательный компонент учебных программ повышения квалификации в области цифровизации образования, разработанный с целью формирования профессиональных компетенций преподавателей естественнонаучных и социогуманитарных дисциплин.
Depressive disorders are of interest to most researchers because of their prevalence and the fact that they are considered high-level psychosocial disorders. In modern psychiatry, the clinic of the adynamic component of depressive disorders is still not fully studied. Adynamic depression often has a long, chronic course. Psychopathological analysis of adynamic depression, identification of various variants of its course, helps to choose therapeutic tactics. Different approaches to the phenomenological and psychopathological understanding of adynamia make it difficult to clearly define its boundaries in the picture of depression, differentiation with other similar clinical manifestations of conditions. [1,6]. Recent studies indicate that the isolation of adynamia in the clinical picture requires special attention and special techniques [9,13]. Difficulties in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of depressions, including adynamic manifestations, determine the need to study adynamy in the structure of depression. [3,7].
В данной статье исследовалось влияние содержания и природы ПАВ на процесс пенообразования в полимерных растворах. В результате эксперимента было установлено, что устойчивость пены в системе полимеров соответствует содержанию ПАВ и их пенообразующим свойствам. Кроме того, кинетика разрушения пены в полимерных буровых растворах с различными ПАВ может существенно варьировать в зависимости от структуры и природы используемых ПАВ. Также было выявлено, что концентрация ПАВ в растворе и наличие соли (CaCl 2 ) существенно влияют на кинетику образования и разрушения пены. В целом, результаты исследования позволяют более эффективно управлять процессом пенообразования в полимерных растворах и использовать полученные знания для оптимизации технологических процессов в различных областях промышленности.