Вопрос о цифровизации правосудия в научных кругах обсуждается все чаще, причем от дискуссий по поводу необходимости данного шага перешли к обсуждения конкретных механизмов, которые могут облегчить работу, а иногда и заменить правоприменителя.
Восстановительное правосудие в международных актах определяется как любой процесс, который позволяет тем, кому был причинен вред преступлением, и тем, кто несет ответственность за этот вред, в случае их добровольного согласия, активно участвовать в разрешении вопросов, возникающих в связи с совершением правонарушения, с помощью обладающей специальной подготовкой и беспристрастной третьей стороны («фасилитатор»)
This article reveals the essence of the policy of applying pardon during the reign of Amir Timur from a humane point of view in relation to persons who committed an act against him, as well as the use of the institution of pardon in the criminal policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as a bright institution of humanity.
SUMMARY
This article is devoted to the definition of the functions and importance of the application of the institution of pardon in persons who have committed crimes and sincerely repented of their deeds and firmly stood the path of correction. Special attention in the study to a deep study of the historical origin and humane conditions of the application of the institution of pardon since the time of Amir Timur.
A pardon in social and legal terms reflects the endless complexity of social life, the practical impossibility of fully fulfilling all the prohibitions under pain of criminal punishment. Pardons and amnesty reflect the existing gap between the declared legal ideals and the practice of their observance. They are probably rooted in the depths of human consciousness, along with the moral and ethical concepts of repentance and forgiveness, forgiveness and mercy, which are of great importance in religious ethnic systems.
It should be emphasized that this article contains the history of the existence of pardon in Ancient Rome, as well as the existence of amnesty, the direct relationship and difference between pardon and amnesty.
This article reveals examples of the adoption of the institution of pardon by Amir Timur himself in relation to persons who have committed acts against him. The author deeply analyzed the cases applied by the institution of pardon during the reign of Amir Timur, based on the "Code of Amir Timur". It is worth noting that the article directly reveals the history of the origin of this work and thanks to whom and how we got the copies of this precious work written by Amir Timur himself. This article also reveals the principles of government of Amir Timur not only by strictness, but also by justice and mercy.
The reforms carried out by Amir Timur in the judicial and legal sphere of the state also deserve special attention. The introduction of the position of judge or kaziy for the army, directly, contributed to the further development of the military court in judicial practice.
The article widely uses the use of the institution of pardon in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as one of the most important areas of criminal policy. Serious work has been done to determine the importance and role of applying the institution of pardon not only in criminal policy, but also in modern society and the state.
Within the framework of this article, new fundamental, conceptual and basic principles of judicial reform are substantiated and proposed - digitalization and virtualization of economic legal proceedings, which will significantly provide access to justice for individuals and legal entities, ensure its maximum openness and transparency. In practical terms, this concept implements the principle of independence and objectivity in judicial decisions, will serve as an anticorruption mechanism and will help to prevent unlawful interference in the affairs of a judge and pressure on him by the prosecutor's office or other authorities, which will be a conceptual approach for reviewing not only arbitration, but and civil, criminal, administrative processes and will give a significant impetus to the further development of the judicial system of any country.
Анализ уголовно-процессуального законодательства Сербии может быть полезен, поскольку цифровизация уголовного процесса рассматривается здесь как процесс, имеющий целью оптимизировать, усовершенствовать и ускорить отправление правосудия по уголовным делам, а не заменить уголовно - процессуальную деятельность, в целом. Такой подход разделяют законодатели большинства европейских стран3 и начинает применяться в РФ.
In this article it is revealed the aims and tasks of proceeding in the first instace of economical court; it is given suggestions and recommendations directed for the development the economical procedural legislation, also it was made comparative analysis of economical procedural legislation of CIS countries.
The article analyzes tasks of simplified proceedings. The forms of simplified proceedings are considered as "summary proceedings" (England), "plea bargaining" (USA), "conditional refusal to initiate criminal prosecution", "criminal order" (France), "expedited proceedings"(Germany). The ways of implementation in domestic legislation have been developed and proposed based on the results of studying models of simplified legal proceedings.
SUMMARY
One of serious problems for each state is to ensure the promptness of criminal proceedings regardless of legal system in which it operates. Attention has recently been drawn to the need of introduction of simplified procedure among the ways to increase efficiency.
Discussion at the XII UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (El Salvador, Brazil, April 12-19, 2010) about the concept of simplified (accelerated) criminal justice showed that improving the fight against crime in modern conditions requires taking into account a wide range of factors. Issues negatively affecting its condition included ineffective and protracted investigations, limited use of pretrial detention clauses, ineffective case management, limited resources from prosecutors and judiciary and their insufficient use.
According to the UN, summary proceedings are simplified procedure that expedites court proceedings in order to make criminal justice system more efficient and minimize costs. In general, summary judgment is used in lower courts, usually for less serious criminal offenses, and is an expedited procedure in which certain formal procedures are not required or simplified.
In this article it is analysed scientifically-legal aspects of reforms made over the last years in judicial-legal system of our country, modern lines in this area and place of intensification of criminal legal proceedings, in particular, maintenance of speedily justice in this system as a task of criminal trial on fast disclosing of crimes.
В Узбекистане в настоящее время проводятся последовательные реформы по обеспечению надежной защиты прав человека, расширению возможностей доступа к правосудию, созданию благоприятных условий для свободного функционирования институтов гражданского общества и уменьшению факторов, порождающих коррупцию. Чтобы создать эффективные механизмы обеспечения, необходимо изучать и проводить оценку исполнения принимаемых правовых актов.
Сегодня в Республике Узбекистан реализуются комплексные меры по активному развитию цифровой экономики, а также широкому внедрению современных информационно коммуникационных технологий в абсолютно всех отраслях государственного управления, социальной сфере, а также в сфере частного сектора.
In this article author had searched the ideas on the principle of the expediency in the criminal proceeding and given the opinions, positions of the scientists about this matter. Also in this article author had given his opinions about opinions and ideas on the principle of the expediency, regulated the criminal proceeding relations as well as given his suggestions and recommendations.
В Республике Узбекистан обеспечение права на доступ к правосудию является одной из важнейших процессуальных гарантий, реализация которой осуществляется путем безусловного и неукоснительного выполнения задач уголовно– процессуального законодательства, определенных в положениях статьи 2 УПК Республики Узбекистан.
С момента принятия Конституционного Закона «О судебной системе и статусе судей Республики Казахстан» в 2005 году идет постоянный процесс совершенствования судебной системы. Судебное реформирование в стране не останавливалось, и VIII Съезд судей дал ему дополнительный мощный импульс.
The article analyses the conception and notion of the constitutional liability in the condition of modernization of the state and democratization of society, the elements of constitutional delect as a basis of the constitutional liability, considered scientifically based proposals and recommendations on improvement of the powers of Constitutional court
Justice and the legal system play an important role in ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms. In the modern world, human rights issues are of paramount importance, and their protection in the field of justice is an important task for all countries. This article reveals the measures taken to ensure and strengthen the protection of human rights and freedoms in the field of justice based on the Strategy “Uzbekistan - 2030”.
Суд фаолиятини рақамлаштириш бугунги кунда дунёнинг кўплаб мамлакатларида жорий этилган ва амалга оширилаётган жараёндир. Давлатни модернизация қилиш даврида ҳокимият суд фаолиятининг сифати ва самарадорлигини оширишга ҳам муҳтожлик сезади. Суд тизимини рақамлаштириш унда замонавий ахбороттехнологияси воситаларини қўллашни ифода этиб, суд ва фуқаролар ўртасида рақамли алоқани йўлга қўйишни мақсад қилади. Мамлакатимизда ҳам суд соҳасини рақамлаштириш долзарблигига эътибор кучайтирилган бўлиб, бу борада мақсадли вазифалар белгиланган. Бинобарин, суд ҳокимиятини электрон кўринишга ўтказиш нафақат судда иш самарадорлигини оширишда, балки судьялар мустақиллигини таъминлаш, суд тизимини демократлаштиришда ҳам ўз ўрнига эга.
Сўнгги йилларда судлар фаолиятида замонавий технологияларни кенг жорий этиш бўйича амалга оширилган тадбирлар фуқаролар ва тадбиркорлик субъектларига ўз ҳуқуқларива манфаатларини ҳимоя қилиш учун судга мурожаат қилишни эркинлаштириш, умуман одил судловга эришишни ошириш ҳамда судлар фаолиятида очиқлик ва шаффофликни таъминлаш имконини берди.
In the article it is analysed the law “On Constitutional court” in Republic of Uzbekistan in the condition of modernization of the state and democratization of society, and improvement of the legal framework of the activity of constitutional judiciary