In 2015, the United Nations member states adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Higher education is one of the priorities of Task 4.3 of the SDGs - ―By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and high-quality vocational and higher education, including university education‖. To achieve this goal, one of the illustrative strategies is to promote the internationalization of higher education. In the Astana Declaration (2017), the Central Asian countries’
Ministers of Education reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening cooperation in the field of internationalization of higher education, including for sustainable and inclusive development 2. Despite the fact that there are many definitions, the internationalization of higher education is understood
as: Intentionally expanding the spatiality of higher education through cross-border mobility and interconnection between educational institutions, students, scientists, knowledge, programs and suppliers (systems and providers)3.
The aim of the research consists in development of offers and recommendations about further improvement of criminal-legal and criminological measures of fight against crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The object of the research work is the system of the public relations regulating criminal-legal, criminological and organizational measures for counteraction to crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the expediency of establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy at compliance with the law about protection of private life, ensuring protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of legal gaps is proved;
need of establishment of responsibility for infringement of personal privacy in article 1411 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan when ensuring criminal legal protection of personal privacy and inevitability of responsibility is proved;
for ensuring the principles of justice and humanity in the criminal legislation the expediency of awarding punishment in the form of restriction of freedom on the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies is proved;
high degree of public danger of some crimes (illegal activities for attraction of money and (or) other property (article 1881 of CK), production, storage, distribution or demonstration of the materials containing threat of public safety and to public order (article 2441 of CK)) committed with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is explained;
establishment of responsibility for bringing to suicide and inducement to suicide with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is proved;
need of introduction of responsibility of the blogger for placement of public negative information of a certain look for the Internet is proved;
inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract, need of nondisclosure of the specified data are proved;
establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts is offered;
expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state are specified;
need of recognition of the actions exerting negative impact to life, health and morality of the personality, made with use of means of information technologies as socially dangerous act is offered.
Implementation of research results. The results of the study are used:
the proposal on establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 461 of the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the administrative liability entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). This change provides compliance with the law about personal privacy, protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of a legal gap in the legislation;
the proposal on establishment of criminal liability for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 1411 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). Establishment of criminal liability for commission of the act breaking personal privacy provides criminal legal protection of private life of the person and inevitability of responsibility;
offers on expediency of awarding punishments in the form of restriction of freedom concerning the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies, have found the reflection in articles 2781-2786 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 10, 2015 No. ZRU-389 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer serves purpose of alternative punishment for crimes in the sphere of information technologies;
high degree of public danger of commission of some types of crimes with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet has found reflection in article 1881, the «g» point of third part of article 2441 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 25, 2016 No. ZRU-405 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). According to this offer criminal liability for use of information technologies in criminal intents has been established;
responsibility for bringing to suicide, the inducement to suicide made with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet have been established in article 103 and 1031 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 13, 2017 No. ZRU-436 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer has served establishment of criminal liability for the information attacks encroaching on human life;
regulations on responsibility of the blogger for dissemination of public negative information of some look on the Internet are introduced in articles 3 and 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from December 11, 2003 No. 560-II «About informatization» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves prevention of various crimes committed with use of the Internet;
offers on inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract need of nondisclosure of the specified data have found the reflection in article 18 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 22, 2018 No. ZRU-385 «About electronic commerce» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer became a basis for the ban illegal use of personal data from participants of electronic commerce;
offers on establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts are introduced in article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 8, 2017 No. ZRU-444 «About protection of children from information doing harm to their health» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer has served recognition of dissemination of information among children of information doing harm to their health as illegal behavior;
offers on improvement of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety have been used by preparation of analytical notes within the Concept of improvement of the criminal and criminal procedure legislation approved by the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 14, 2018 No. PP-3723 (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves a proving of inevitability of responsibility for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served increase in efficiency of prevention of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on need of definition of external influence, level of competence and practical skills of employees, motives of offense when studying the reasons of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security and also conducting monitoring of social networks have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served definition of the reasons and early warning of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers that the information security is object of criminal legal protection taking into account its direct connection with the state interests have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served protection of information security as object of criminal legal protection;
offers on need of implementation of complex measures from law enforcement agencies for ensuring information security at information security have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has provided orientation of activity of law enforcement agencies on information security;
offer that threats of information security exert essential harm to the interests of the personality, society and state information have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03- 07-02/124). This offer has allowed to estimate high degree of public danger of information threats as a factor of commission of information crimes;
the rule about protection of the personality against illegal information influence taking into account that impact on consciousness of the personality with use of means of information technologies exerts negative impact on life, health and morality of the personality, has found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served recognition of the specified actions as socially dangerous act.
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 260 pages.
Monografiyada ta’lim xizmatlari raqobatbardoshligini oshirishda marketing tadqiqotlarini amalga oshirishni nazariy-uslubiy asoslari tadqiq etilgan. Ta’lim xizmatlari marketingining nazariy asoslari, ta’lim xizmatlari bozorida iqtisodiy munosabatlar tizimi, ta’lim xizmatlari bozorini marketing strategiyasini rejalashtirishda raqobat muhitining o‘rni O‘zbekistonda oliy ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishning marketing strategiyalaridan foydalanishni hozirgi holati tahlili, oliy ta’lim raqobatbardoshligini oshirishning marketing strategiyalari samaradorligini baholash, O‘zbekistonda oliy ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishning marketing strategiyasi va uni amal qilish mexanizmi, Jahon oliy ta’lim tizimini isloh qilishning marketing modellari va ulardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari bo‘yicha ilimiy taklif va amaliy tavsiyalar shakllantirilgan.
Monografiya ta’lim sohasida faoliyat olib boruvchi mutaxassislar, magistrantlar, ilmiy tadqiqotchilar, doktorantlar va keng kitobxonlar jamoasi uchun mo‘ljallangan.
Maqolada O‘zbekiston oliy o‘quv yurtlarida turli yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha bo‘lajak mutaxassislarning yuqori sifatli kasbiy tayyorgarligini ta’minlash uchun aralash ta’limni modellashtirish muammosi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi oliy ta’lim muassasalari uchun aralash ta’lim modelini ishlab chiqish va uni ta’lim jarayoniga joriy etish natijalarini tahlil qilishdan iborat. Aralash ta'lim modellarini ishlab chiqish va amaliyotga tatbiq etishda bir nechta yondashuvlar mavjud degan xulosaga kelindi. Maqolada aralash ta'lim auditoriyadagi an'anaviy ta'lim jarayonining ma'lum bir sxema bo'yicha amalga oshiriladigan masofaviy ta'lim, talabalarning o'z o'zini tayyorlash va raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish bilan oqilona kombinatsiyasi sifatida ko'rib chiqiladi. "Aralash ta'lim" va "gibrid ta'lim" tushunchalari, shuningdek, aralash ta'limning bir nechta mavjud modellari tahlil qilinadi. Oliy ta’lim muassasalarida aralash ta’limning umumlashtirilgan modeli uning vizual tasviri bilan birga ishlab chiqilgan. Ushbu modelni amalga oshirish amaliyotchilarga kunduzgi va masofaviy ta'lim jarayonida turli xil ta'lim faoliyati turlarini ma'lum bir oliy ta’lim muassasasida kutilgan natijalarga erishish uchun zarur bo'lgan uyg'unlikda birlashtirish imkonini beradi. Toshkent kimyo-texnologiya institutida o‘tkazilgan so‘rov natijalari keltirilgan. So‘rov davomida talabalar aralash ta’limning mohiyatini qay darajada tushunishlari, shuningdek, kunduzgi ta’lim jarayonida masofaviy ta’lim elementlaridan foydalanish bilan masofaviy va aralash ta’limdan to‘liq foydalanish o‘rtasidagi farq; karantin davridagi texnologiya; talabalarning an’anaviy, aralash va masofaviy ta’limga munosabati; aralash ta’limning taklif etilayotgan umumlashtirilgan modeli asosida tashkil etilgan ta’lim jarayonini o‘quvchilar qanday idrok etishlari kabi jihatlarga e’tibor qaratildi. Bundan tashqari, aralash ta’limni tashkil etish uchun oliy ta’lim muassasalarida qaysi raqamli texnologiyalar qo‘llanilishi aniqlandi. Umuman olganda, so'rov natijalari ishlab chiqilgan modeldan foydalanishning maqsadga muvofiqligini tasdiqladi va aralash ta'lim sohasida tadqiqotning istiqbolli yo'nalishlarini aniqladi.
In this thesis, the role of education, especially higher education, in the development of human capital was sociologically analyzed. although the topic requires a large amount of scientific theoretical study, it was studied as a dialectic of modern educational trends, social cooperation, and interrelationship. Conclusions on increasing social and economic empowerment through education, activating social norms and social mobility in young people, forming skills and habits, and ensuring the growth and stability of incomes are given.
The article substantiates the relevance of the development of creativity in the context of modern cultural and technological challenges of modern society. Various approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “creativity” are presented. The relationship between the definitions of “creativity” and “creativity” is determined. Their main functions are revealed. An analysis of foreign and domestic research has been carried out, revealing the multidimensionality of the phenomenon of creativity. The role of an interdisciplinary approach to the development of creativity of students of higher educational institutions is considered. A comparative analysis of the concepts of “creativity” and “creativity” was carried out. The expediency of using an interdisciplinary approach to the development of creativity of students of higher educational institutions in the educational space of the disciplines “psychology” and “pedagogy” is outlined.
This article analyzes the legal aspects of interaction between the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Oliy Majlis based on the articles of the new edition of the Constitution. Also, based on the position and role of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the system of state power, theoretical and scientific opinions and considerations regarding the status of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the principle of distribution of powers have been studied, and its tasks based on the constitution are shown. It is known that the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a legislative body with the power to establish and determine, and its closest partner in this activity is the government, which is also manifested in the practice of foreign countries. The Cabinet of Ministers, in carrying out the current execution and issuance of orders, determines the need for regulation in society by law, develops this bill and submits it to parliament. The article provides statistical data on the government's activities in this direction and the results of a comparative analysis. The article also mentions procedures for cooperation between the government and parliamentary chambers in foreign countries.
В последнее время бисфосфонатная терапия широко используются в медицинской практике в качестве антирезорбтивных агентов благодаря их антиостеоклатическому действию.
Higher education institutions have a special importance in the society, because they are considered as the main foundation for the future generation of the society, and they can lead the society to progress or lead it to decline. That is why higher education institutions have a double responsibility to the people, the generation and the society. And this, in turn, should be aimed at justice, accountability, transparency, accountability and growth in the management of higher education institutions. And this is the principles of corporate governance.
Mazkur tezisda oliy ta'lim tashkilotlariga qabul qilishda kvota tizimining mavjudligi muammolari milliy qonunchilik asosida tahlil etish asnosida oliy o'quv yurtlarini boshqarishning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, milliy qonunchilikdagi ta'lim sohasi rivojiga to'sqinlik qilayotgan holatlar aniq dalillar va statistik ma'lumotlar bilan yoritilgan. Oliy ta'lim tashkilotlarining to'liq akademik mustaqillik asosida qabul qilish borasidagi muammolarini bartaraf etishning zamonaviy yechimlari ko'rsatilgan. O'zbekistonda oliy ta'lim tashkilotlarini rivojlantirishning asosiy yo'nalishlari tahlil qilingan holda, qonunchilik asoslarini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
Oliy ta’lim tizimi doimiy o‘zgarishlar holatida: ta’lim tashkilotlari joylashgan huquqiy soha o‘zgarib bormoqda, ta’lim standartlari, ta’lim texnologiyalari o‘zgarmoqda, ta’lim xizmatlari iste’molchilarining o‘zlari va ularning zamonaviy oliy ta’lim haqidagi g‘oyalari o‘zgarmoqda. Ta’lim tashkilotlari iste’molchilarni jalb qilishning turli usullaridan foydalanadilar, ular orasida marketing vositalari birinchi o‘rinda turadi. Ta’lim dasturlarini shakllantirish jarayonida universitetlar marketing tadqiqotlari orqali olinishi mumkin bo‘lgan iste’molchilar xatti-harakatlarining omillari, motivlari va o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari to‘g‘risida ma’lumotga muhtoj. Ta’lim xizmatlari bozorini marketing tadqiqotlari natijalari oliy o‘quv yurtini strategik boshqarish, shuningdek turli marketing dasturlarini ishlab chiqishda tezkor boshqarish uchun asos bo‘ladi: ta’lim muassasasini ta’lim xizmatlari bozorida targ‘ib qilish dasturlari, talabalar va talabalarni jalb qilish va saqlash dasturlari, narx va assortiment siyosatini shakllantirish. Maqola mintaqaviy farqlarni hisobga olgan holda universitetning ta’lim xizmatlari iste’molchilarining xatti-harakatlari bo‘yicha marketing tadqiqotlarining uslubiy yondashuvlari va natijalariga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada muallif tomonidan ta’lim muassasasini tanlash omillari va o‘qitish yo‘nalishini tahlil qilish natijalari keltirilgan, ta’lim muassasalari tomonidan narx siyosatini shakllantirish tamoyillari ko‘rib chiqilgan, O‘zbekiston oliy o‘quv yurtlarida o‘qish narxini mintaqaviy tahlil qilish natijalari keltirilgan. Tadqiqot bazasi sifatida muallif tomonidan turli Toshkent universitetlarida o‘tkazilgan dala tadqiqotlari natijalari, oliy o‘quv yurtlarining rasmiy veb-saytlari, “Reutor” reyting agentligi, “IMTIHON” loyihasi, moliya vazirligining rasmiy veb-sayti kabi ixtisoslashtirilgan manbalarni tahlil qilish asosida kabinet tadqiqotlari natijalari ishlatilgan.