Перспективы кролиководства: проблемы и решения

В статье дана оценка состояния и развития животноводства, в частности кролиководства, в Республике Узбекистан за последние годы, а также рассмотрены основные проблемы, препятствующие их прогрессу. Особое внимание уделено роли кролиководства в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности, численности кроликов и структуре хозяйств, занимающихся их разведением. Описаны два инновационных проекта: «Создание гибридных поколений кроликов-бройлеров» и «Создание технологий акселерационного кролиководства в Узбекистане», которые реализуются центром селекции и генетики кролиководства. Обоснована перспектива развития кролиководства как отрасли мясного животноводства, а также источника ценного диетического мяса, необходимого для населения. Отмечены факторы научно-технического прогресса и системного подхода к развитию кролиководства. В условиях ежегодного прироста населения на 730-750 тысяч человек и необходимости обеспечения молодого и старшего поколения диетическим белком животного происхождения, кролиководство представляется перспективным направлением. Это обусловлено биологическими особенностями кроликов, доступными методами их разведения и содержания, разрешением на употребление кроличьего мяса в исламской культуре, а также высокой скороспелостью и воспроизводительной способностью этих животных. Авторы пришли к выводу, что при грамотной организации зоотехнических и ветеринарных мероприятий поголовье кроликов может увеличиваться в 6-7 раз в течение года.

In this article, the rapid development of the rabbit breeding industry, the improvement of breeding and selection, and the cultivation of high-quality meat, ecologically clean and biologically safe meat and other products, using single-celled blue green algae, and the use of coarse plant meal to grow low-cost grain feed are discussed.

Данная работа посвящена созданию дешёвых, высокопитательных кормов, сбалансированных по составу (белкам, ферментам, витаминам и минералам), с целью укрепления кормовой базы республики для вскармливания животных различных видов мясного направления. На основе отходов промышленности, растениеводства, а также непатогенных базидиальных грибов и дрожжей, были созданы биологические корма с высокой питательной ценностью и перевариваемостью. Эти корма обеспечивают увеличение прироста, сохранности и продуктивности животных и птиц, а также могут быть использованы в рыбоводстве и кролиководстве в качестве замены импортируемым кормовым продуктам.

The article provides information on the introduction of modern methods of molecular genetics in preserving the gene pool ofBushuevsky cattle and early forecasting of their productivity, the advantages of using this method. In addition, as a result of research by other scientists, it has been proven that the factor of full feeding is important in the development of the genetic potential of animals.

Abstract: Little variation was observed between the body sizes of the cows in the experiment. For example, the fat height of cows in experimental groups I and II was 3.3 cm or 2.5% (P<0.05) and 7.8 cm or 5.7% (P<0, 05), wither height by 2.5 cm orl.8%> (P< 0.05) and 5.4 cm or by 3.8% (P<0.05), chest width by 1.8 cm or 2, 93% (P<0.01) and 2.2 cm or 4.2% (P<0.05), breast depth 1.2 cm or 1.7% ( P<0.01) and 2.7 cm or by 3.7% (P<0.01), chest circumference by 3.9 cm or 1.9% (P<0.01) and by 5.4 cm or 2.6% (P< 0.05), the oblique length of the body by 0.8 cm or 0.5% (P<0.01) and 2.6 cm or 1.7% (P<0.05), the width of the hind femur by 0.7 cm or 1.9% (P<0.05) and 1.8 cm or 3.4% ( P<0.05) and leg circumference 0.2 cm or 0.9% and 1.6 cm or 6.9%.

Hovuzga 3500 dona baliqlar solinib, umumiy og'irligi 135 kg ni tashkil etdi. Bu ko'rsatkich ya’ni 3500 dona baliqlantirish respublikadagi mavjud an'anaviy texnologiyaga ko'ra 1 gektar suv havzasi maydoniga solinadi. Tadqiqotlarimizda bu ko'rsatkich 0,06gektarni tashkil etadi. Ya’ni birgektar maydonni 6% dan foydalanib 1 gektar maydonning hosildorligiga erishish rejalashtrilgan. Shuningdek, ushbu yangi innovatsion texnologiya baliqchilik tarmog'ida foydalanilayotganyer va suv resurslarini katta miqdorda tejash imkonini beradi.

This article presents information on the problems and prospects of rabbit breeding in the development of rabbit breeding in Uzbekistan. The article describes the use of genetic modification and biotechnology in the development of rabbit breeding based on the laws of heredity and variability, as well as in improving the useful economic qualities of rabbits and creating new breeds of rabbits for the rabbit breeding industry.

The article describes the growth dynamics of hybrid rabbits obtained from the crossing of Californian and local breeds. The average age of 44 female rabbits was 210 days. The average weight of the experimental rabbits was 4173.3±17.1 g. compared to the age of 180 days, it was 239.7g more (R>0.99).

Breeding of female rabbits with elite male rabbits is carried out by using cross-breeding and mating methods in rabbit breeding. In the mating method, purebred, and lines or crosses are used, in the crossbreeding method, blood absorption, blood burning, industrial and complex methods of breeding involve various breeds of rabbits.

In our country, new innovative methods of obtaining even more products from rabbits in the meat-skin direction are described, which, using the broad opportunities aimed at rabbit breeding wisely, will improve the importance of rabbits in agriculture, increase their productivity, and correctly establish the conditions for keeping rabbit breeds in the meat-skin direction.

This article provides information on the scientific research conducted on rabbit breeding at the Center for Selection and Genetics, the development of rabbit breeding by breed and color. The article describes the patterns of heredity and variability of rabbits, their use in improving the color of skin and wool, which is one of the useful economic qualities of rabbits when creating new breeds of rabbits. The main characteristics of the genotypes and phenotypes of rabbits used in the experiments of the Center for Selection and Genetics of Rabbit Breeding are given.

The article talks about the fertility of hybrids bred by crossing domestic rabbits with California rabbits, the viability and milk production of their offspring.

Ushbu maqolada quyon go'shti ishlab chiqarishda chatishtirishning avzalliklari, chatishtirishni amalga oshirishdagi asosiy tamoyillar va juftlash natijasida olinadigan avlodlarning mahsuldorlik xususiyatlarining qay darajadayaxshilanishi kabi ma’lumotlar keltirib o'tilgan.

In the article, the average daily age of young female rabbits of the California breed is 52,7 days, their average live weight is 1345,2 g, the average external body dimensions are 34 cm, the average chest circumference is 21,8 cm, and the body index is the result of statistical analysis of mathematical measurements, average was 64,10%. By the age of 148,8 days, the rabbits in the experiment had an average live weight of 2900,4 g, an average body length of 50 cm, and an average breast circumference of 32,2 cm.

Кейинги вақтда ҳовлисида ёки томорқасида қуён боқадиган ҳаваскорлар, шунингдек, махсус ҳудудлардақуёнчилик билан шуғулланадиган фермерлар кўпайиб қолди. Бу жонивор бошқа уй ҳайвонларидан тез етилувчанлиги, жадал ўсиши билан алоҳида ажралиб туради. Сўзимиз исботи учун янги туғилган бузоқчанинг вазни 47 кунда икки баробарга ортиши, қуёнча эса 6 кунда худди шунча вазн йиғишини айтиб ўтиш кифоя. Тез кўпаядиган бу жониворнинг гўшти ҳар томонлама фойдали ҳамдир!

Comprehensive development of rabbit breeding in households, selection of rabbit breeds depending on the direction of production and climatic conditions of the farm, establishment of breeding activities based on correct scientific experiments, prevention of various diseases of rabbits, increasing their immunity, it is necessary to ensure the normal development of the body, enrich the diet with protein and vitamin components. Problems that need to be solved. In the conditions of a modern market economy, in order to provide the population with environmentally friendly meat products, light industry with rabbit skin, down, etc., it is necessary to develop animal husbandry, especially the rabbit breeding industry, based on modern technology and create an environmentally friendly food base.

The article presents the indicators of semen production of male rabbits obtained from crossbreeding ofFlandre breed, California breed rabbits with local rabbits in the conditions ofKarakalpakstan.

The /З-glucosidase enzyme is one of the important enzymes that breaks down cellulose and other glycans. The main function of this enzyme is to isolate glucose molecules by hydrolyzing 0-1,4-glycosidic bonds, ^-glucosidase enzyme is synthesized by many microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. The study of the genetic basis of this enzyme is of great importance in the fields of biotechnology and industry, and allows to optimize the conversion of cellulose-based biomass. In our study, the presence of (^-glucosidase enzyme gene was detected in 7 strains of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Chryseobacterium anthropi, Proteus vulgaris and Alcaligenesfaecalis by PCR amplification of this gene.

Breeding of female rabbits with elite male rabbits is carried out by using cross-breeding and mating methods in rabbit breeding. In the mating method, purebred, and lines or crosses are used, in the crossbreeding method, blood absorption, blood burning, industrial and complex methods of breeding involve various breeds of rabbits.

In this article, the information about the scientific research on feeding mother rabbits with balanced diet in different seasons in the conditions of Uzbekistan is covered. In the article, information about the food consumption of different breeds of rabbits used in experiments at the center of rabbit breeding and genetics - local, Flemish and hybrid breeds of California rabbits - is highlighted. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, it was found that the average daily consumption of mixed fodder was 97.27% and that of hay was 95.5%.

The article provides a literature review of protein feeding of various physiological groups of rabbits, focusing on young animals up to 3 months. When feeding rabbits, it is very important to take into account the presence of all nutrients in the diet such as: dry matter and exchange energy of feed and diet, protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. At the same time, it is very important to ensure balanced feeding of young rabbits, focusing on the need to primarily take into account protein in the diet. To achieve optimal feeding rates for all categories of rabbits, it is necessary to include in the diets feed and feed additives rich in protein that promote the health and growth of young animals.

В статье изучены в сравнительном аспекте мясная продуктивность гибридных кроликов I и II поколения, полученных путём скрещивания кроликов местной популяции с самцами калифорнийской породы.

In this article, the importance of rabbit breeding in the national economy is discussed, and the role of rabbit breeding products in human health is discussed. Rabbit breeds and their origin, productivity, and morphology are detailed.

Growing rabbit meat and rabbit breeding in Uzbekistan, the results of the work carried out in this direction. About the work carried out to meet the population's need for meat and meat products.

Акселерацией технологияси йил давомида оптимал шароитда қуёнларни туғдириш ҳисобига гўшт маҳсулдорлигини оширишга ва сифатли мўйна олишга ёрдам беради. Йил давомида махсулот ишлаб чиқариш уяларни иситиш ва қишда қуёнларни илиқ сув билан боқиш орқали таъминланади.

This article provides information on the literature analysis of research and studies on the development of rabbit breeding in Uzbekistan and its problems.

Concentrated feeds for California and other breeds of rabbits include grain from legumes and spikes, oilseeds, combicorns, and processed foods from legumes, succulents, and roughage. These feeds are rich in energy, protein, and minerals, and they are considered cheap and effective in feeding rabbits, and provide additional benefits to producers.

In our country, rabbit and poultry farms are increasing every year. For this reason, there is a need for granulators for complete and proper feeding of animals. Based on this, research is being conducted to develop small-scale granulators for the development of rabbit and poultry farming.

At present, rabbit and poultry farms are increasing every year in our republic. Based on this, for the rapid development of the industry, there is a need to strengthen the feed base and the necessary equipment for preparing feed. Based on this, research is being conducted to develop small-sized loaders for the development of poultry and rabbit farming.

In this article, the results and differences in the slaughter yield of the Fl and F2 generations obtained from the crossbreeding of experimental Flandre breed and California breed rabbits with domestic rabbits and the difference in 75 days were highlighted.

In the conditions of a peasant [farm] farm, raising rabbits in two-tier mother-feeding cages KMF-2 contributed to an increase in average daily gain by 41.2%, live weight at the age of 90 days by 16.0% and slaughter weight by 17.5%, and also reducing feed costs per 1 kg ofgrowth - by 29.3%>.

Развитие животноводческой отрасли во многом зависит от состояния кормовой базы. Для её улучшения важно выращивать высокоурожайные сорта кормовых культур. В этой связи необходимо провести селекционную работу, направленную на создание новых видов кормовых культур. В статье кратко изложены сведения о селекционной работе, проводимой с такими кормовыми культурами, как сорго, овёс и тритикале.

In the article, nowadays, during the development of rabbit farming on an industrial basis, a large number of rabbits are kept in special cages, which makes it necessary to care for a large number of rabbits in one place. In such cases, of course, storage, feeding, etc. If a mistake is made due to a slight neglect of such regimens, various diseases may appear. This score creates the basis for the spread of infectious diseases. Information on the pathology and treatment methods of infectious viral diseases in rabbits is presented.

Акселерацией технологияси йил давомида отнимал шароитда куёнларни туғдириш ҳисобига гўшт маҳсулдорлигини оширишга ва сифатли мўйна олишга ёрдам беради. Иил давомида махсулот ишлаб чиқариш уяларни иситиш ва қишда қуёнларни илиқ сув билан боқиш орқали таъминланади.

In this article, the shape elements in the blood of male rabbits of the California breed imported from abroad were analyzed, and these indicators show the adaptability of rabbits to the external environment.

It is characterized by the development of the fetus in the organism of the female animal, which begins with the fertilization of the egg cell and ends with the birth of a mature child.
According to the delay, there are physiological (characterized by the normal state of the mother and child) and pathological, i.e., the physiological processes in the mother and fetus types.

Мақолада биотехнология усулидан фойдаланиб куёнларни озиқлантириш рационини биологик фаол микроорганизмлар билан боитиш ва унинг натижасида тажриба қуёнларни ўсиш ва ривожланиш жараёнини жадаллаштириш имкониятлари ёритилган.

ProBioKorm probiotic had a good effect on feed digestibility. In spite of the same feeding of rabbits, digestibility of nutrients of feed in the experimental group was higher, study of feed residues in intestinal sections was 6.0 g in the small intestine, 13.6 g in the blind intestine, 8.8g in the large intestine. This indicates a greater transformation of nutrients for the growth of muscle tissue.

This article, based on analytical processing of research conducted using textbooks and various educational and scientific articles published in our country in 2022-2023, summarizes innovative technologies for the production of livestock products.
Therefore, an analysis and monitoring of the results of innovation performance indicators in agro-industrial production is presented.

The article describes the importance of nutritional evaluation of feed and its role in feeding farm animals, including horses. The structure of the digestive system of horses and the tasks they perform during the digestive process are also described in detail. The importance of taking into account the above factors when preparing a horse's diet is shown.

The article covers the issues of adaptation of productive cows imported from abroad to the natural and climatic conditions of our republic, creating special feeding conditions for the full manifestation of genetic potential. The technology for increasing the economic efficiency of the network by automating the processes of complete feeding and milk production is also described.

In the П-lactation of the daughters of the Montblyard breed, according to the type of external body structure of the cows, the milk-meat type cows have a height of 2.28%, the height of the udder is 0.94%, compared to the meat-milk type. Breast size is 0.58%, 3.1 % more, chest depth is 1.67%. sht became more than the type of exterior body structure.
The height of the cows of the milk-meat type is 2.8 cm, the height of the withers is 2.63 cm, and the width of the chest is 3.2 cm. is higher, chest depth is 5.6 (P>0.95) cm less, chest circumference is 3.2 cm (P>0.999), body oblique length is 3.8 cm higher, the back femur decreased by 2.4 cm, the leg circumference decreased by 1.66 cm (P>0.95).

During 305 days of lactation, cows with milk-meat, external body structure consumed an average of 4773.9 kg of feed units, 6150.04 kg of EOB, 6054 kg of dry matter, and 694.6 kg of digestible protein, -milk by 145.6 kg or 3.03% by average feed unit, by 189.2 kg or 3.08% by EOB, by 195.8 kg by dry matter compared to cows with external body structure or 3.28%, digestible protein was 24.4 kg or 3.51% more

В статье представлены результаты научнохозяйственного эксперимента, направленного на изучение резервов повышения мясной продуктивности бычков крупного рогатого скота при откорме. Установлено, что добавление в рацион минеральных и витаминных подкормок улучшает переваримость питательных веществ в кормах, способствует увеличению мясной продуктивности и среднесуточного прироста живой массы, а также повышает эффективность технологии выращивания в условиях фермерских хозяйств.

In the article, fattening ofSimmental breed bulls, which lag behind the growth of the experiment, from 15 months to 18 years of age, group 1 bulls received an average of 8.4 kg of feed units, 116.5 MDj of exchangeable energy, 13.12 kg of dry matter, 1154 g of digestible protein, 82.4 g Ca, with a ration of 73.7 g P, compared to the control group I, the bulls of the second group had 12.5%, 14°/o MDj exchangeable energy, 18% dry matter, 8% Ca, P 3, If there was an excess of 6%, the bulls of the experimental group III compared to the bulls of the control group I had 22.5% food units, 5.4%> MDj exchangeable energy, 19.9% dry matter, 7.9% digestible protein, it was too much.

The article highlights the South Korean experience of transplanting Holstein embryos in breeding farms in the Tashkent and Syrdarya regions by specialists from the Korean center "Kopia".

In the article, it was found that cows of the Montbelyard breed are double-fertile, and there were no cows of the pelvic udder type in either group. The average udder circumference of milk-meat type cows is 108.2; 116.5; 125.0 cm in the 1,11, 111 lactation periods, and their circumferences are 13.52; 6.01; 12 cm, length 4.31; 1.3; 4.25 cm by 3.42 in width; 2.79; by 3.48 cm, 2.74 in the depth of the front part of the udder; 2.9; by 5.3 cm, the depth of the back part is 3.9; 3.1; by 3.37 cm, 556.8 according to the conventional size of the udder; 119.28; 501.5 cm3, the length of the front nozzles is 1.1; 1.05; 1.16 cm, the length of the rear nozzles is 0.72; 0.66; 0, It is stated that 82 cm is more than cows belonging to the meat-milk type

The work examined the possibilities of using the yellow form of biomass of the Aral microalgae Dunaliella salina as a feed additive for laying hens of the Loman Brown meat and egg breed. It was shown that adding Dunaliella biomass to the diet of laying hens increases their live weight by 51-62 g each and egg production chickens (by 3.6-4.2%). At the same time, the feed additive based on the microalgae Dunaliella salina has no toxic effect and does not have a negative effect.

Чўл ва тог шароитида A. canescens ва A. undulata ўсимликларининг хўжаликбоп хусуситялари: яшовчанлик, йиллик ўсиш суратлари, шохланиш, хашак, ypyr ҳосилдорлиги кўрсаткичлари бўйича истиқболлиўсимлик туралари ҳисобланади.

Чорвачилик тармоқларига бўлган эътибор, ҳамда Хукуматимиз томонидан томонидан аҳамиятнинг кучайтирилиши, шунингдек чорвачиликнинг қонунчилик билан қўллаб-қувватланиши натижасида кейинги йилларда хорижий давлатларнинг чорвадорлари билан алоқалар ўрнатилишига сабаб бўлди. Аксарият фермер хўжаликларининг раҳбарлари ва мутахассислари Европа давлатларининг Голландия, Германия, Польша, Украина, Белоруссия, Австрия, Чехия, Исроил ва Австралия давлатлари чорвачилигида қўлланилаётган замонавий усуллар билан танишиб қайтмоқда. Чорвачилиги ривожланган давлатлар билан ҳамкорлик ўрнатиб улардан наслли қорамоллар, шунингдек замонавий технологияларни харид қилиб, Узбекистан шароитида фойдаланиб чорвачилик тармоғини ривожлантиришга ўз ҳиссаларини қўшмоқдалар.

In the article, the role of farmers and peasants in creating the necessary conditions for the sustainable development of the livestock sector in the Republic, developing scientific research and international cooperation based on new innovative technologies, developing rural areas and improving the well-being of the population, as well as ensuring food security and employment of the population in rural areas, the issues related to playing an important role are highlighted.

The article provides some data on the epizootiology of bovine theileriosis, materials from the scientific literature, as well as the results of experiments obtained by the authors on the treatment of theileriosis after the use of buparvalec.

Tadqiqotlarda simmental zotli turli ishlab chiqarish tiplariga ega sigirlarning laktatsiyasining kechish xususiyatlari o'rganilgan. Ishlab chiqarish tiplaridan qat'iy nazar, sigirlar laktatsiyasi birtekis kechganligi va engyuqori oylik sut miqdori II guruh sigirlarida laktatsiyaning uchinchi oyida, II va III guruhlarda ikkinchi oyida kuzatilib, oltinchi oyigachayuqori darajada saqlanib va keyinchalik asta-sekinlik bilan pasayib borganligi qayd etilgan.

The article discribes in detail the positive impact, advantages and social effectiveness ofmodrn new technological feeding methods on the productivity and quality of domestic goats that were fed in different ways.

Мақолада гўшт таркибидаги аминокислоталар тўғрисида маълумотлар келтирилганмускул тўқимасидаги триптофан аминокислотасининг энг қўп миқдори гўшт экстерьер конституционалъ типига эга бўлган Ш-гуруҳ буқачалари гўштининг мускули таркибида кузатилган бўлсада гуруҳлар ўртасида унча катта фарқ бўлмади. Яъни III гуруҳ буқачалари гўшти таркибидаги триптофан аминокислотаси ўртача 381,7±1,1мг%-ни, сут типига мансуб буқачалар гўшти таркибидаги триптофан аминокислотаси 372,7±1,3 мг%-ни ташкил қилди. III гуруҳ буқачаларининг гўшти таркибидаги оқсилни триптофан аминокислотаси тенгқурлари П-гуруҳ буқачаларга нисбатан 0,81 %-га, I-гуруҳ тенгдошларига нисбатан 2,36%-га юқори бўлганлиги кузатилди

Tadqiqotlarda chet eldan keltirilgan sigirlar o'sish va rivojlanishni sut mahsuldorligi ishlab chiqarish tiplariga bog'liqligi aniqlangan.

This article describes the stages of development of cattle breeding in our country and the use of modern molecular genetic markers for the early determination of the milk productivity of Bushuev cows and important aspects in the development of this direction.