All articles - Urology and Nephrology
Number of articles: 404
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Efficiency of diagnostic algorithm in children with chronic glomerulonephritis with atopic dermatitisSurveyed 145 children aged 7 to 11 years. Of them: with nephrotic form CGN - 40; CGN on the back-ground of AD-40; AD-40. The control group consisted of -25 healthy children. It was found that in children with nephrotic form of CGN with blood pressure, CGN has a high information content of qualitative and quan-titative signs: oliguria, proteinuria, type 3 diabetes; CGN + BP: edema, total protein, ASL to kidney tissue, CIC; by markers of skin pruritus, IgE. As a diagnostic criterion for the nephrotic form of CGN with AD, there are immunopathological signs: an increase in the renal ASL, CIC, IgE, and overproduction of IL2, IL4. The effectiveness of the use of the diagnostic algorithm in CGN: early detection of GNSS- 35%, HVIN- 65%; CGN + AD: GRNS- 45%, GZNS 55%; AD 20%.
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Parameters of nervous conductivity associated with chronic pain syndrome in patients with interstitial cystitis and lumbalgia47 patients with chronic pain syndrome were examined on the outpatient setting: 17 with bladder pain syndrome / interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), 30 with lumbalgia. Control group was made up of 15 healthy volun-teers. Pain syndrome was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Electroneurography of nerve su-ralis evaluated latency, amplitude and conductivity speed. Nociceptive flexor reflex (NFR) test evaluated pain threshold (PT), reflex threshold (RT) and PT/RT index. The obtained electroneurography data indicated ab-sence of any nerve suralis neuropathy in both groups. Significantly lower pain threshold rates in both BPS/IC and lumbalgia patients comparing to the control – testified presence of neuropathic pain component. No signif-icant difference of neurophysiological parameters found in both patient groups could specify similarity in path- ogenesis of chronic pain syndrome of different localization
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ROLE OF KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILUREIn order to study the role of renal dysfunction in the development of comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), 323 patients were examined. Analysis of blood creatinine indices in patients under 60 years old was 74.9 ± 17.7 and in 60 years old and older 98 ± 21.9 mkmol 11, an increase in the indicator was noted depending on the FC of CHF, amounted to I-FC-83.2 ± 2.8, II-FC 101 ± 3.8, III-FC 128 ± 5.4, IV-FC 138.9 ± 9.1 mkmol I1 (p <0.05). In patients with CHF. the incidence of comorbidity was found to increase in direct proportion with an increase in renal dysfunction.
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RISK FACTORS FOR THE FORMATION OF CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN OF ALL AGE CATEGORIESThe progression of glomerulonephritis (GN) after exposure to various initial factors is determined by rather stereotyped processes that gradually lead to sclerosis. Purpose of the study: to determine the risk factors for the formation of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in children of all age categories. Materials and methods of research: 249 sick children with GN were under observation. ЛИ patients were examined for general blood tests, urine tests, urine tests according to Nechiporenko and Zimnitsky. functional, biochemical research methods were carried out. Results of the study: comparative characteristics of family history and life history made it possible to determine the role of risk factors for the development of GBV in children. Consequently, comorbid pathology and risk factors act as predictors of the formation of GN in children and the transition of the process to chronicity.
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Kidney damage is a common occurrence in patients with rheumatologic diseases and can develop either due to the disease itself or secondary to the drugs used in the treatment. The prevalence of renal damage and its severity depends on the underlying disease, as well as on the aggressiveness of therapy. For most rheumatologic diseases, kidney damage portends a poor prognosis and requires aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. Thus, it is important to diagnose and treat them early. On the other hand, it is almost impossible to group NSBNs according to the greater or lesser adverse effect on the kidney - there are very few comparative scientific studies. But it can be argued that practically all NSPS (including selective COX-2 inhibitors) have side effects on the kidneys. It is important to add that other pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (known to all as paracetamol), in some cases can cause kidney failure. -
Features of daily blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritisThe analysis of the results of Smad in 70 patients with hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis in age from 23 to 50 years, and the functional state of the kidneys. A study showed that the number of non-dipper and night-picker patients is higher in the main group (AH+CG) than in the control group (GB). Insufficient decrease in blood pressure at night indicates a violation of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and has a significant impact on the progression of renal pathology
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY IN WOMEN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASEThe article describes the relationship between the concepts of chronic kidney disease. The data on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among women of reproductive age and the effect on fetal development arc presented. The frequency and nature of obstetric and perinatal complications and pregnancy outcomes in this group of women are described. The features of pregravidar preparation, pregnancy management, delivery tactics and follow-up in the postpartum period of patients with chronic kidney disease arc considered.
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Uric acid has been considered mctabolically inert for many years and as a result gout and hyperuricemia have been ignored by the scientific community for many years. After uric acid was identified as an etiological factor in the development of kidney disease, arterial hypertension, the medical community drew attention to this problem, after which it is perceived as a complex of diseases associated with reversibility of a large percentage of chain reactions and processes. -
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR CHANGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS EXTERNAL FACTORSThe human kidney is many lobular, contains from 8 to 18 lobes. Outside, the kidney is covered with a connective tissue capsule, and in front - with a serous membrane. There arc external cortical and internal medulla. In the kidneys, the radially located straight tubules of the medulla are located in the renal pyramids, two or three pyramids can unite to form the renal papilla. And between the pyramids there are columns of crusted substance - Bertini columns. The most characteristic structures of the cortex are the renal corpuscles (consisting of the glomeruli of the capillaries and the capsule of the glomerulus), as well as the convoluted tubules. The article analyzes the morphofunctional changes occurring in the kidneys when various environmental factors are exposed to the body.
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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. Research shows that there is a strong link between MS and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The factors for the development of CKD in metabolic syndrome arc an increased level of insulin and insulin resistance, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, biologically active substances, hormones, inflammatory cytokin, increased activity of coagulation factors, inhibition of the fibrinolytic system. -
The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world. In December 2019, the new coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan. Hubei province. China. In the following months, widespread transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has been reported across all inhabited continents. In Uzbekistan, the first recorded case on March 6, 2020. Currently, at the time of this writing. 65,765 COVID-19 cases with a positive test and 2,289 deaths have been reported in Uzbekistan. Although awareness of the disease continues, information on pregnancy remains limited. -
Metabolic syndrome is a polyetiological pathological condition that contributes to the development of many diseases that arc the main cause of disability and high mortality in the population today. Kidney damage in metabolic syndrome is a characteristic change, and microalbuminuria acts as one of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. With metabolic syndrome, the risk of developing chronic kidney disease and its severity increase sharply, while there is a direct relationship with the number of symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Data were obtained on the presence of a relationship between chronic kidney disease and all components of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension. -
The article presents a clinical case ot a severe course of covid infection in an elderly patient with comorbid pathology. The analysis of the causes of death and risk factors for severe and complicated course in this case corresponded to its classic components - age over 65 years, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus. metabolic syndrome and obesity. The role and lesions of the kidneys were discussed, the patient had proteinuria, hematuria as independent predictors of the critical course of the disease. Renal failure is common in patients with COVID-19 and can be the cause of multiple organ failure of lethal outcome. -
Increasing the efficiency of treatment in patients with chronic dacryocystitis in the postoperative periodThe evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment in the postoperative period in 50 patients with chronic dacryocystitis was determined as the goal of our study. All processes in the wound occur due to the activation of complex enzyme-catalytic systems and the effective healing of the wound strictly depends on the prescribed differential treatment depending on the stage of the wound process. The process of wound healing in a short time is possible if the prescribed measures and prescribed drugs correspond to the physiological stages of the wound process. After endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, a gel-type anti-adhesin drug was injected into the lacrimal duct every 2 hours and the cytological composition of smears of the nasal mucosa was examined to evaluate the course of reparative processes in surgical wounds. The study showed that the effectiveness of postoperative treatment of patients with chronic dacryocystitis increased in the main group of patients using antiadhesin, which led to better healing of wounds and epithelization by the 7th day. whereas in the comparative group this process occurred only on the 14-17th day.
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Pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium of bladder into cancer arc multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes the initiation and progression of the main pathophysiology of invasive and metastatic cancer. Л dichotomy is observed in the role of immune cells in bladder cancer. In this review, we discussed genetic and immunological changes of bladder cancer along with relapse of this disease; however, it should be noted that in most cases, multiple genetic and immunological changes occur simultaneously or mutually dependent on each other. Many genetic mutations disrupt the function of genes involved in regulation, and conversely, chromosomal aberrations lead to changes in transcription. Although the immune response protects the bladder by suppressing tumor growth, certain immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes contribute the development and progression of the tumor. -
Chronic pyelonephritis in children: peculiarities of physical development In communication with anemic and sideropenic syndromeThe study of the physical development of children already in the early stages of chronic pyelonephritis, in conjunction with anemic and sideropenic syndromes, can reveal deviations from normal development that require further study for targeted preventive measures
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Effect of complex treatment on indicators of endogenous intoxication in Chronic pyelonephritis in childrenTheaim of this work was an attempt to evaluate the effect of сomplex treatment on some endogenous in-toxication indicators in chronic pyelonephritis developed on the background of dismetabolic nephropathy (DMN) (DCHP). Patents and methods. A survey of 130 children DCHP, aged 4 to 15 years. Patients were di-vided into 3 groups depending on treatment method. Results. Comparative assessment of the results of the study of endogenous intoxication conducted after treatment in children with DСHP, depending on the method of treatment, demonstrated the effectiveness of "renal tyubazh" compared to other methods of therapy. Conclu- sion. The use of complex treatment of "renal tyubazh" when DCHP is the most appropriate method of therapy. This method leads to the restoration of the TCA (total concentration of albumin) and ECA (effective concentra-tion of albumin) in the blood, TCA and SMP (medium molecular peptides) in the urine
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Preurolithiasis: the state of local factors of lithogenesis and their comparison with urolithiasisBackground. The number of patients with preurolithiasis (PUL) is many times higher than the number of patients with stones. So in the Samarkand region the frequency of urolithiasis (UL) was 1.9%. and the PUL - 21.7%, in the Khorezm (Pitnak) UL - 0.8%, and the PUL - 16.8%. The state of the diuretic and saluretic function of the kidney calcium PUL (CPUL) has not been studied. Information on the difference between the condition of patients with CPUL and calcium UL (CUL) will allow the development of methods for preventing the transition from CPUL to CUL. The aim is to study the diuretic and saluretic functions of the kidneys in CPUL pts and to conduct a comparative analysis with similar indicators of CUL. Material and methods. 383 patients with CPUL and 396 patients with CUL were examined. There were 233 men and 163 women among patients with CUL. Among the 383 patients with KPUL 213 were men and 170 were women. The average age was 39.95 + 12.66 years. Evaluation criteria: daily diuresis volume, urine reaction, daily urinary excretion of inhibitors (magnesium, citrate) and promoters of stone formation (calcium, oxalate, uric acid, inorganic phosphorus Pi), ion activity indices -AP [CaOx] and AP [CaPi]. Results. With a CPUL of 96.53%, diuresis is reduced as a result of an increase in the CR and a decrease in CF. Hypocitraturia in 96.92%, hyperoxaluria 92.94% and calciuria 73.68%, decrease in urine pH 72.66%. In 99.61% of cases multiple pathology of lithogenesis parameters is observed (two - 23.23%, three - 56.48% and four - 17.72%). This confirms the multifactorial nature of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of stone formation. In the case of CPUL, the changes in AP [CaOx] AP [CaPi] are similar to CUL. Conclusion. Thus, the nature of disorders in CPUL is as complex as in CUL, in connection with which these patients (with CPUL) should have no less attention than CUL. In patients with CPUL. prophylactic treatment to prevent the transition to CUL should begin with the correction of citraturia, stimulation of diuresis, correction of hyperoxaluria, urine pH. and particular attention should be paid to the correction of uricuria.
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Children chronic pyelonephritis in the background of disturbed uric acid Exchange: features of anamnesis and clinical and laboratory characteristicsA comparative clinical, laboratory and instrumental evaluation of 62 children with chronic pyelonephritis has been carried out. Il has been revealed that the clinical picture of pyelonephritis occurring against the background of uric nephropathy is characterized by a pronounced clinical symptoms characteristic of increased uric acid metabolism.
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Currently, in the treatment of urolithiasis (UL) preference is given to herbal preparations. Despite the wide range of herbal medicines (HM) for the treatment of UL, none of those currently used are ideal for the treatment of patients with calcium urolithiasis and preurolithiasis. In this regard, the further research on the study of the properties of drugs from medicinal plants of the Hora of Uzbekistan is important. The goal is to examine the relationship between the anti-lithogenic efficacy and the diuretic power of plant diuretics. Material and methods. In 212 patients with the calcium type of urolithiasis, the diuretic and saluretic abilities of the infusions from seven medicinal plants of the flora of Uzbekistan were investigated. The selected HM are widely known among doctors and patients. Results. Their diuretic ability of HM is different. The strong diuretics: Alhagi pseudoalhagi (+ 65.2%) and Herba Aervea Lanata a (+ 50.19%). The moderate diuretics: Stigmata Maydis (+ 42.12%), Achillea fllipendulina (41.34%) and Hypericum perforatum (+ 29.06%). The weak diuretics: Folia Menthae piperitae (+ 23.53%) and Friictus Rosae (+ 12.59%). The calculation of the ion activity index revealed differences in the severity of the anti-litogenic effect. Infusions were distributed in the following sequence: Alhagi pseudoalhagi (-71.65%) - Achillea fllipendulina (-63.14%) -Herba Aervea Lanata (-49.86%) - Folia Menthae piperitae (-41.36%) - Stigmata Maydis (-33.08%) - Hypericum perforatum (-33.02%) - Fructus Rosae (-15.43%). Conclusion. The strength of the diuretic effect should not be considered the primary factor in the change in the activity of stone formation. Therefore, when prescribing HM, this factor (diuretic effect) is not the main criterion for prevention and metaphy lax is. -
According to the literature, the frequency of kidney damage in patients with gout varies in rather large limits from 30 % to 70 %. Today scientists distinguish the concept known as "gouty nephropathy", which characterizes all renal pathology that occurs due to gout. Pathogenesis of gouty nephropathy is associ-ated with hyperproduction of uric acid and imbalance between tubular secretion and urat reabsorption pro-cesses. But there is no clear opinion that hyperuricemia is a marker of renal dysfunction or risk factor. This contradictory opinion is due to the fact that it is difficult to estimate the early stages of gouty nephropathy. This process undergoes a long time subclinically and is diagnosed only at later stages of the disease. The first har-binger of kidney damage is increasing of microproteins in urine - microproteinuria. Materials and methods. 103 patients with chronic gouty arthritis were examined. All patients were male, without history of kidney dys-function. Determination of microproteins in urine with help of an ELISA method allowed to suspect subclinical course of gouty nephropathy. Therefore, patients were divided into 2 groups: I (n = 58) - patients with subclin-ical gouty nephropathy (56.3 %), II (n = 45) - control group, patients without kidney damage (43.7 %). All cal-culations were carried out on a personal computer using “statistica”. Also, Spearman's correlation coefficients are established. Results and discussion. It was found that the presence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes melli-tus with a high level of reliability is associated with an increased level of urine microalbumins and microglobu-lins. Also, close relationships between urine microalbumins, microglobulins and triglycerides, uric acid levels in blood and urine have been determined. Conclusion. Thus, during the research it was established that the factors that are likely to contribute to the onset of gouty nephropathy include: the presence of obesity, hyper-tension, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia. It should be noted that all the most likely pre-dictors are modifying and close attention to them and control will be allowed to reduce the incidence of gouty nephropathy -
When a person has chronic illnesses, there are various unpleasant symptoms. Anemia in diseases of the kidneys is not uncommon, it arises in the late stages of the pathological process. A symptom is associated with a damaged kidney, which ceases to produce enough hormone responsible for the formation of red blood cells. For this reason, in the body, and especially in the kidneys, there is a shortage of red blood cells. When their number falls to a minimum, renal anemia is diagnosed -
Choice of primary surgical help with kidney form оf primary hyperparathyroidism in childrenThe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) was diagnosed in 52 children with urolithiasis aged from 12 months to 15 years on the basis of use of clinical-biochemical and instrumental examinations. PHPT was manifested as severe forms of nephrolithiasis: bilateral single (32.6%), bilateral multiple (36,5%), and recurrent (59,6%) form. The staghorn calculi were noted in 45 (51,1%) kidneys. Hypcrparathyrincmia-hypcrparacalccmia occurred after lithotomy was successfully treated with conservative approach, in cases of lithotomy inefficacy there were identified indications for he-modyalisis and parathyroidectomy. The authors believed that in the patients with obturation uropathy the preliminary formation of the percutaneous puncture nephrostomy seems to be advantageous that is justified by less injury of this method and pathogenic approach to the choice of the primary intervention in nephrolithiasis of hyperparathyroid genesis.
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Features of diagnosis and treatment of patients with ureteral stonesUreteral stones (ureterolithiasis) is a consequence of migration of the calculi from renal pelvis. Primary ureteral stones form rarely. As a result of a comprehensive survey the author revealed, that in ureterolithiasis not only urodynamic disorders, but there is still a severe disturbance of renal microcirculation on the affected side. The investigated patients were divided into 3 groups and depending on the degree of uro- and hemody- namic disturbances they have been provided conservative, instrumental or surgical treatment. The efficacy of urgent ureterolithotomy during first 24 hours in obstructive pyelonephritis have been proved
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Laser enuсleation of the prostate - new approach in operative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasiaIn recent years, new methods of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have become increasingly widespread. Transurethral endourological operations are widely developed and became common. The concept of "endoscopic enucleation of the prostate” comes to the fore in operative treatment of BPH. which is ensured by modern laser enucleation techniques such as holmium laser enucleation and thulium laser enucleation of the prostate. Laser techniques are characterized with high clinical safety and effectivity, minimal postoperative complications rates.
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