Today, the teaching of literature in schools has reached a new level. School literary education includes the tasks of artistic and general cultural development of schoolchildren, the formation of a reader who is ready for independent communication with the art of the word, capable of comprehensively understanding a literary work in the context of the spiritual culture of mankind. In this article, we will consider the pedagogical significance of M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" on the basis of a cultural approach to teaching
in a modern school.
Периодическая научная литература заполнена информацией об осложнениях КОВИД-19. Этот вирус практически поражает все важные системы организма и вызывает различные осложнения, связанные с образованием тромбов и соединительной ткани и вторичных воспалительных процессов. Об осложнениях данной инфекции в челюстно-лицевой области практически нет информации. Однако в последнее время в нашу клинику начали обращаться пациенты с патологическими изменениями тканей средней зоны лица после перенесенной инфекции КОВИД-19. В клинической картине в отличие от банальной инфекции челюстей преобладал некроз костной и окружающих мягких тканей. Почти все они принадлежали старшей возрастной группе с такой сопутствующей патологией, как сахарный диабет.
The article attempts to make a comparative study of the opinions of various literary critics about today's India and identifies the names of those who objectively assessed the present era. Through the study of literary critics, the author makes it clear what today's India is. In particular, opinions were expressed about the appearance of new names, new plots and images in the literary process of this period. In particular, it speaks about the activities of such famous personalities of India as Mahatma Gandhi, Ambedkar, Bhagat Sinh, Ramaswami and others, who radically changed, updated the Indian people's perception of life. The article presents the views of such prominent literary critics as Namwar Sinh, Vishwanath Tripathi, Manager Pandey, Shivkumar Mishra, Rajendra Yadav and others to these changes and showed the new pages of literary criticism of the twentieth century. The author, through studying the views of literary critics, makes it clear what today's India and its literature are.
Sharq qadimdan she’riyat tuygʻulari oʻlkasi boʻlgan. Shu boisdan Sharq badiiy adabiyotida, ayniqsa, lirika keng rivojlangan. Drama hayotni harakatda ifodalab, muallif nutqisiz aks ettiradi. Adabiyotda qorishiq turlar ham mavjud. Mas, lirika va epos xususiyatlari birlashib liro-epik turni tashkil etadi. Liro-epik turga poema, ballada, doston, masal kabilar kiradi. Epos, odatda, 3 ga boʻlinadi kichik epik shakl (latifa, ocherk, ertak, hikoya), oʻrta epik shakl (qissa) va katta epik shakl (roman). Lirika mazmun va shaklga koʻra, gʻazal, muhammas, marsiya, ruboiy, qasida, sonet, qoʻshiq va boshqalarga boʻlinadi. Dramatik adabiyotning ham mazmunan 3 xili bor drama, komediya va tragediya (fojia). Adabiyot sanʼatning boshqa turlari kabi mafkuraviy hodisadir. Adabiyotda voqelikni aks ettirish tamoyiliga koʻra, adibning ijodiy usuli paydo boʻladi. Voqelikdagi tipik hodisalar umumlashtirilgan holda haqqoniy aks ettirilsa, realistik adabiyot deyiladi. Yozuvchi ayni voqelikni emas, balki u haqidagi oʻz orzu umidlarini ham ifoda etsa, romantik adabiyot boʻladi25.
This article deals with a thorough examination of the visual elements employed by writers, shedding light on the imaginative and symbolic dimensions of their work. This analysis contributes to a broader comprehension of the complexities and nuances of non-realistic literature.
In the monograph, based on a handwritten and lithographic source, a scientific monographic description of the manuscripts of the poet's poems is carried out. Muthrib's poems have been analyzed comparatively and textually, and his lyrical works have been studied in the field of text history, editing and interpretation, and theoretical issues. Reliable texts of the artist's lyrical poems have been restored on the basis of primary sources. The monograph is intended for scientists, researchers and philologists who are interested in textual criticism and literary criticism, Uzbek classical and national Renaissance literature.
The article is dedicated to the subject of the study of the scientific heritage of scholars from Termez. It is known that Termez from the Middle Ages was accepted as one of the scientific centres of Mawarannahr and Khorasan. The scholars of the region worked in different directions of the fileds of sciences such as natural sciences and humanitarian sciences. As a result, they have left a great scientific heritage. In this article the authir tries to indicate objective and subjective difficulties, connected with the studyof this scientific heritage and he gives his own suggestions on how to solve them.
Diaspora literature is one of the topical issues of contemporary literary studies and it shows the necessity for analyzing in terms of special characteristics. The works by the writers who contribute into diaspora literature are analyzed and the general features of this tendency are pointed by the researcher. Languages and cultures collision, biographic method application, time and space correlation are the major features of diaspora literature. In scholarly publications the terms “diaspora” and “expatriate” are used synonymously, but this research suggests that they have distinctive features based on the examples. The artistic peculiarities of the woks by Afghan born American writer Khaled Hosseini can be seen obviously if his novels are analyzed and interpreted in line with the major features of Diaspora literature investigated by the researcher. The object of this research is the novels “The Kite Runner”, “A Thousand Splendid Suns”, “And the Mountains Echoed” by Hosseini and they are analyzed focusing on the three major characteristics of Diaspora literature. Considering the language as a main factor of this trend and being different from other researches Afghan Diaspora writers are divided into two categories: writers who write their works in English and writers who write their works in Persian. Concerning the major characteristics found in this research it is obvious that Hosseini globally depicts the problems of his nation and country, moreover tries to prove the fact that Afghan people also want to have peace and wealth the same as other human beings. Moreover, the writer uses Arabian, Persian and Turkic words in his English texts to depict Orientalism in his works.
The article is devoted to the problem of translation of dialects in works of art. Dialects are an integral part of the language and are often used in fiction, where they perform various functions. And therefore, dialects cannot be ignored when translating works of art. The question arises as to how dialects should be rendered in the target language. Different researchers approached this issue in different ways. However, there are no unambiguous opinions. And therefore it seems interesting to analyze the strategies for translating dialects in works of art.
Maqolada yangi iqtisodiyotning asosini zamonaviy jamiyat ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishining asosiy harakatlantiruvchi kuchi bo‘lgan inson kapitali tashkil etishi, mamlakatlar o‘rtasida kuzatilayotgan iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy, siyosiy aloqalar ham muayyan chet tilini o‘rganishga turtki bo‘lishi, arab tilini o‘qitishning juda katta ijtimoiy ahamiyati borligi, O‘zbekistonni arab davlatlari bilan iqtisodiy hamkorlik aloqalari, arab tilini o‘qitishda arab tili o‘qituvchisining kompetensiyasini shakllantirish nimalardan kelib chiqishi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan sharoitlar yoritilgan.
Maqolada atoqli hikoyanavis Hayriddin Sultonovning “Panoh” hikoyasida Bobur obrazining ifodalanish xususiyatlari tarixiy voqealar asosida bayon qilingan.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the works of one of the greatest Chinese writers of the XXI century − Bi Shumin. The basis of Bi Shumin's works is the problems of every society. In the article the author analyzed the stories of Bi Shumin “Even the dog has a purpose in life" and "Positive qualities − 0". They refer to didactic stories, the purpose of which is to show exemplary behavior for the youth, aimlessly wasting their lives.