As it’s well known, there is a single manuscript of “Dоwвn Luрвt at-Turk” (“Collection of the Turkic Words”) by Makhmud Kashgary is remained to nowadays. This manuscript with Turkic example systematically bear diacritical marks (signs). Эt is significant that in most cases in one letter at the same time inserted either the signs of fatḥa and kеsra or ẓamma and kesra or over the letters of fatḥa and ẓamma. In this article, these are characterized by discord spelling and thier phonological aspects.
The article defines the importance of legal ownership of a legal entity with separate property. The author tried to explain the system of legal signs of possession of a legal entity by separate property and also studied the opinions of scholars of jurisprudence and various foreign scientists. As a result of the research, the author offers to amend Article 39 of the Civil Code.
Хатнинг атайин ўзгартирилиши ёзувчида мавжуд бўлган ёзма ҳаракат кўникмасининг ўзгариши билан боғлиқ. Ёзувдаги ҳаракатлар нинг стереотиплигини аниқловчи кўникма тизими бутунлай бузил- майди ва охиргиси сақланиб қолади. Атайин ўзгартирилган дастхат билан бажарилган қўлёзмаларда аломатларнинг икки гуруҳи акс эттирилади - стереотип ҳаракатларнинг бузилиши натижасида пайдо бўлган «ўзгарган» ва ёзувчининг оддий дастхатига хос «ўзгармаган».
In The article examines the emergence, formation and development of such small prose genres in Hindi and Punjabi literature as a sketch ("rekhachitra"), their distinctive features, features and role in literature. The Rekhachitra (image) genre is a virtually unexplored genre in Russian Indology. There are opinions of some Russian Indologists, such as E.P. Chelysheva, A.P. Senkevich and N.P. Utekhina. The article also cites the opinion of some Hindi literary scholars, in particular, Mahendra Kumar Dhingra, Lakshmisagar Varshaya, Nagendra and V. Tripathi on this genre. An attempt is made to shed light on this topic using the example of the works of writers in the genre of "rekhachitr" (image).
In the Sufi historiography of Central Asia, most of the problems are studied in the context of the teachings of Naqshbandiya and Yassaviya orders. According to the history and historiography of these two teachings of spiritual improvement, the works of both foreign and local researchers can be shown. However, we cannot say that these reflections have left a strong sense in the socio-spiritual life of the region like other teachings, including the Kubraviya order. For example, there are very few scientific works that give analytical conclusions and summarize the scientific views on the personality and spiritual heritage of Najmiddin Kubra’s famous followers as Sayfiddin Bokharzi (1190-1262), Kamal Zhandi (672/1273) and Husayn Khorezmi (836/1433) who played an important role in the dissemination of this discipline in the region. Considering this aspect of the problem in the present article, we tried to carry out a historiographical analysis of the particular problems associated with the personality of Sayfiddin Bokharzi. The study of the identity of the Bokharzy also continues after independence. It would not be an exaggeration if we say that conducting an analysis after in-depth study of it and free examination on the basis of documents, analysis as one of the followers of Sufism, is a requirement of the present. This person is known to many local specialists by O.D.Chekhovic's researches, which devoted to waqf properties in Bukhara. Today, Sayfiddin Bokharzi, whose grave is in Bukhara, is remembered in Uzbekistan as a representative of Sufism, a religious leader who owns pious endowments in the past. Is it really so? What else do we know about Sayfiddin Bokharzi and his activities? This article is devoted especially to the disclosure of Sayfiddin Bokharzi’s relation with the his preceptor Najmiddin Kubro, the personal life, generations and disciples of Sayfiddin Bokharzi, the relations of Bokharzi with the Berka Khan the ruler of Golden Horde and his written heritage in the base of published works of foreign researchers. We hope that in the future wide attention will be paid to the personality of Bokharzy, and his bright personality and spiritual legacy will receive wide recognition.
Инсоният ҳаётида матбуот доим муҳим ўрин тутиб келган. Ривожланиш босқичидан ўтаётган ҳар қандай жамиятда ҳар қандай ижтимоий-сиёсий ҳаракат матбуотсиз, газета ва журналларсиз тасаввур қилиб бўлмайди. Даврий нашрлар ўзининг ҳар битта соҳага таъсир ўтказа олиш хусусияти билан аҳамиятли: «Маълумки, матбуот ижтимоий ҳаётни акс эттириш кўринишларидан бири, реал воқеликни билиш, тадқиқ этиш ҳамда унга таъсир кўрсатишнинг муҳим воситасидир». [1] Таъсир қилиш мобайнида у ўша соҳанинг камчилик-ютуқларини, келажак ва ўтмишини рўй-рост айта олмиши керак. Она тили ҳар бир давлатнинг энг муҳим бойлиги, ғурури, фахри ҳисобланади. Унга қандай, муносабатда бўлинса бу ўша халққа қилинган муносабат бўлади. бекорга халқ орасида «Тилга ихтиёрсиз элга- эътиборсиз» дейилмаган. Шу боисдан ҳам азалдан олимларимиз ва тил учун қайғурадиган ҳар қандай инсон фикрларини мақола шаклига келтирган ва рўзномалар орқали халққа етказган.
In the article, a linguo-poetic analysis of Alisher Navai's gazelle was carried out. It depicts the feelings of the lyrical hero, his views on the world and man. The article attempts to highlight the main facets of this image.
In this article is an attempt to reveal the essence of the main institutions of copyright - the existence of the exclusive rights of the author to use his work and the possibility of transfer to third parties as the exclusive and non-exclusive rights. Often, in practice, there are questions of understanding and differentiation of these concepts, and a correct understanding of the institutions of copyright leads to difficulties in the negotiation and execution of copyright agreements.
Subjects of research: Object are vehicles for transportation of mineral oil through pass « Kamchik », a subject - increase of their reliability.
Purpose of work: Increase of efficiency of technical operation of vehicles by transportation mineral oil through pass « Kamchik » at the expense of perfection of a design and increase of operational reliability.
Methods of research: Researches are based on theoretical and experimental methods of the analysis of operational properties of a rolling stock and indicators of properties of reliability. Experimental researches were spent in real conditions of operation with use of methods of under control operation of cars and the mathematical statistics at processing of results.
The results obtained and their novelty: On the basis of the executed researches the scientifically-practical problem on perfection of a design and increase of operational reliability of autotractors is solved.
Practical value:
- The technique of an estimation of fitness of a design and a choice of a rolling stock is developed for transportation of mineral oil through pass « Kamchik », based on theoretical both experimental researches of operational properties and their definition numerical values for autotractors Ford Cargo - 1827, MAZ-642208-020 and ISUZU-EXZ5IK;
- Are defined indicators of properties of reliability and the card of reliability of autotractors Ford Cargo - 1827 and MAZ-642208-020 is developed;
- The rolling stock design is improved at operation in mountain conditions.
- Technological process of maintenance service and car repairs is improved.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity:
- Are introduced at factories "SamAvto" and «MAZ» offers on perfection of a design of autotractors.
- Are introduced in VTC «Avtonefttrans» Fergana Oil refining factory advanced technological process of maintenance service and car repairs.
- Economy efficiency of the work from its applications is 54.66 mln. Sum per year.
- Results of researches in educational process are introduced by preparation of masters on a specialty 5A521205 «Cars and an automobile economy» at discipline studying «Technological base of the enterprises of branch of motor transport» and also at courses of improvement of qualification of technical officers VTC «Avtonefttrans ».
Field of application: Automotive transportation.
The ideological basis for the formation of the worldview of Mahatma Gandhi is based on the ideas put forward by his predecessors. If we consider this period from a theoretical and ideological point of view, then one of the most important aspects of the doctrine inherent in the Indian national liberation movement is its religious content. In the process of the Indian national liberation movement, the task of modernizing and adapting religious and philosophical teachings to the demands of the movement with the aim of adapting them to current political problems was especially urgent. Issues of social inequality, casteism and national unity were examined. The first national enlightened thinker of India was Ram Mohan Roy, who played an important role in the birth of the
national liberation movement in India. Dadabhai Naroji, one of the national thinkers of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, demanded the participation of Indians in the government and emphasized the need to create an Indian state as an Indian nation. Bonkimchondro Chottopaddhai believed that the main obstacle to the development of the country was the lack of common interests among the upper and lower layers of the population. The philosophical aspects of Hinduism were reflected in the views of Swama Vivekanda, who promoted the idea of a common religion. Bal Gangadhar Tilak condemned the vices of poverty. Rabindranath Tagore called rural society "the support and mother of the people." The ideas put forward by these thinkers prompted Mahatama Gandhi to come to the forefront of the national liberation movement, forming the basis of his socio-ideological views.
The author analyzed the relationship on the transport of agricultural products through the railways. The author considers the transportation of agricultural products as one of the types of perishable goods, particularly rail transportation of such goods, as well as a number of issues related to the implementation of the transport of
perishable goods. On the basis of the results of research the author put forward the proposes to adopt in Regulations “On railway transport of perishable goods”.
Мақолада охирги йилларда Ўзбекистонда чорвачиликка доир қабул қилинган норматив – ҳуқуқий асослар таҳлил қилиниб, фермер, деҳқон хўжаликлари ҳамда томарқа ер эгаларида ердан фойдаланиш ҳолати ва чорва маҳсулотлари етиштиришнинг кўрсаткичлари ўрганилган, ерлардан самарали ташкил этиш асосида чорвачилик тармоғини ривожлантириш бўйича илмий ва амалий таклифлар беришга ҳаракат қилинган.
The development of a market economy creates the inevitability of the formation of the newest ways of economic control, new economic thinking aimed at the greatest satisfaction of human needs. The new market environment gave rise to the concept of marketing in the United States in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, which was later globalized in many countries of the world. Today marketing has turned out to be an inseparable part of the activities of not only market-based companies, but the whole society is mainly involved in marketing activities. The life standard is directly determined by the expediency of mastering marketing information, which is in need of researching and mastering this terminology. Marketing is implied by young science, but some of its components (advertising, price policy, sales) were used several centuries ago. The term "marketing" originates from the English word "market" and literally means market and trading activities. As a rule, this term is not translated into Russian and Uzbek languages, which is explained by the incredible completeness of this concept. Marketing is not only a way of thinking and direction of economic thought, but also a practical activity within the framework of individual firms, industries, and the economy as a whole. Today, there are approximately 2000 definitions of marketing. However, despite the presence of a large selection of definitions, they have something unified, namely, the direction of marketing to the needs of specific groups of consumers, a set of approaches to fulfilling market tasks, activities focused on meeting needs through barter, increasing production and selling according to the principle of a multifaceted study of buyers’ needs and purposeful influence on them. Marketing activities include more than 200 types of marketing, which in turn are divided into subgroups. A great number of definitions of the term, the theory of its study, its features, areas of application, the creation of bilingual and trilingual terminological dictionaries, a variety of approaches - all this confirms the role of the term in linguistics. In Western terminology, there are many debates and disputes on the status of terminology and its place in linguistics. The term is considered a lexical unit with a special meaning, and terminology is a part of lexicology. The analysis of marketing terminology in English revealed that simple marketing terms were made up of nouns, gerund, adjectives, past participles, and verbs. Complex (compound derivative) words and abbreviations function in marketing terminology. The possessive case is formed by adding an apostrophe and the letter "s" to the noun. Some compound terms are hyphenated. The method of structural analysis of English compound marketing terms was applied.
In the introductory part of the article the author characterizes essence of notarial actions. In the basic part of the article executive letters in notarial actions are considered. In the conclusion the author makes the offers on perfection of the specified relations.
In this article, the author has tried to study the development of insurance activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the years of independence in stages, based on certain criteria. The main focus is on the analysis of legislation and statistics on the development and regulation of insurance activities. The article also reflects on the achievements and shortcomings in the reform and development of insurance activities over the past 30 years.
The present article considers of current military vocabulary borrowed from English to Urdu. The data for the research were collected from authentic materials of popular newspapers such as Daily Pakistan, Daily Jang and the official magazine of Pakistan Armed Forces Hilal. The newspapers and magazine were chosen as a source because its language considered simple communication language of society. As English and Urdu languages have been in close contact during the British colonization of the sub-continent, the present study also outlines factors involved in borrowing from English to Urdu and shows the influence of English on Urdu. This article attempts to study the main features of the military terminology of Urdu language. The collected authentic materials were divided into the following semantic groups: terms for military positions, terms for military organizations, abbreviations related to the military sphere, weapons, clothing, words expressing military action and equipment. English loanwords of military terms are used not only in the military, but also in common literary language. Such words have special meaning when they are used in the military. Analysis of English loanwords in semantic groups showed that a lot of words were borrowed in military positions, names of military organizations and abbreviations. We can see that military operations and uniforms semantic group use less English loanwords than other groups. Based on analysis, we can predict with a high degree of certainty that it is no coincidence that these borrowings are used in the press. They are available in both bilingual and monolingual dictionaries.
The article presents the views concerning the improvement of the order, the methods and measures of compensation to the victim of harm caused by the commission of offenses.
Мамлакатимизда қабул қилинаётган қонунлар ва қонун ости ҳужжатлар турли ижтимоий муносабатларни тартибга солиш билан бир қаторда маълум бир ҳуқуққа хилоф ҳаракат (ҳаракатсизликлар)- ларни ҳуқуқбузарлик сифатида эътироф этиб улар учун тегишли юридик жавобгарликни ҳам белгилайди.
The article notes that the development of modern prose in Qatar fits well with the concept of "accelerated development of literature." Thanks to technological progress during the rapid economic growth of the Gulf countries – Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman, the Arabic-speaking countries of Khaleej (Gulf) quickly became acquainted with world culture and the world literary process, primarily with the literary experience of culturally developed Arab countries such as Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. The author of the article, using the example of the short story genre, traces the stages of its development from descriptive short stories with weak conflicts and a naive plot with an edifying and didactic tendency to mature short stories that fit into the concept of a modern short story. In the literary arena of the 70s of the XX century such masters of the word as Ibrahim Sucr al-Marikhi, Kulsum Jaber, Fatima al-Turki and others appeared who made a great contribution to improving the short story genre in Qatar and first addressed the important problems of contemporary reality. One of such important problems, according to the author, is the problem of the emancipation of a Qatari woman - her right to have her own voice, get an education, and choose a profession. In its spasmodic development, the Qatari short story was also influenced by the modernist tendency due to acquaintance with Western literature. Short stories appeared that are distinguished by psychologism, the non-uniformity of the characters depicted, and a special attitude. Writers often using modernist techniques — a stream of consciousness, associative thinking, subtext, etc. — convey the emotional crisis of their hero, his painful spiritual quest. By the beginning of the XXI century, new bold young people who had joined the Qatari literature, caused the evolution of socio-ethical short stories to action-packed short stories, which raised social problems that were still hushed up.