This article is about the main goal of the National Program of training of personnel – the radical reform of the educational sphere, the complete liberation of it from ideological views and sarcophagi left by the past, the creation of a national system of training highly qualified personnel at the level of developed democracies that meets high moral and ethical requirements.
In the world, special attention always paid to scientific research to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of accounting and management analysis of the costs and cost of water use in water user associations. However, due to the fact that in the countries of the world the costs of water supply in water user entities and their role in the cost of agricultural products are at different levels, the results of their accounting and management analysis, achieved at the international level, are insufficient to reduce irrigation costs in water user associations and reduce the cost per unit of water.
In this paper were analyzed issues of the humanization of criminal justice as an important criterion to assess the strengthening of guarantees of rights and freedoms. It analyzes the concept such as criminal justice, criminal procedure relationships and humanization of the criminal proceedings. In addition, the article highlights the important aspects of the humanization of the criminal proceedings.
In recent years, research has been carried out to study the problems of improving the organization of dental care for both the General population and individual categories of industrial workers4,6.
However, to date not carried out in-depth studies on the problems of improvement of dental care to employees of the chemical industry in the new socio-economic conditions of development of industrial complex and reform of the health system, there is no comprehensive study of the current status of dental service medical-sanitary unit (MSCH) large enterprises, comparison of availability and quality of dental care to employees at the place of residence and place of work.
The purpose of this review is to study the dental morbidity of chemical workers, develop measures to improve their dental health and improve the quality of life.
At the present stage of development of the industrial complex of our country, a number of large enterprises have the opportunity to organize dental care for employees, primarily with harmful working conditions, at a higher level. At the same time, the implementation of the preventive orientation in dental care for the working population remains an unsolved problem2,3.
The successful functioning of any medical service in modern conditions is possible only with the optimal interaction of all parts, all elements of the health system depends largely on the level of organization and management of medical institutions to optimize their work7,8.
Keywords: Condition of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the hard tissues of teeth and paradontium, taste analyzer, unfavorable factors of production.
Material And Methods Of Research: It is planned to conduct a study of 120 workers of JSC "samarkandkime" - the main group, as well as 115 patients who applied to polyclinic No. 10 and are not related to the chemical industry - the control group.
The data that was received was subjected to statistical processing using the Microsoft Excel application package. The reliability of the difference in parameters was determined by the student's criterion.
Results and discussion.Currently, the issues of dental health for workers in various industries are relevant.
Various harmful factors of production can have a negative impact on human health, including on the tissues of the teeth, periodontal, oral and lip mucosa.
Ushbu maqolada Jizzax viloyatining investitsion jozibadorligini oshirish, xorijiy investorlarni jalb qilish va iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirish borasida amalga oshirilayotgan keng qamrovli islohotlar haqida so‘z boradi.
Узбек халқи ўзининг неча минг йиллик тарихига эга. Ҳар қандай миллат ўз тарихи давомида ўзининг аждодлари қандай инсон бўлганини, уларнинг яшаш тарзини билмоги, баркамол инсон бўлиб шаклланишига таъсир этган омиллар ва шу билан бирга тарихий меросини ҳам авайлаб асрамоги керак. Бу борада энг асосий омил оила муҳити бўлиб, у тарбия тизимидаги шундай бўғинки, бутуй жамиятнинг, миллатнинг бугунги ва келажак ҳаёти уни қандай ташкил этилишига, ундаги мавжуд ижтимоий-маънавий муҳитга боғлиқ. Ёшларни миллий ғурур руҳида тарбиялашда оила ва маҳалланинг ўрни алоҳида аҳамиятга эга. Умуман, хар қандай инсоннинг асосий ҳусусиятлари, аввало, оила муҳитида шаклланади. Оила қуриш дегани фақат икки инсон ўртасидаги шахсий муносабат эмас, балки жамиятнинг асосини, айтиш мумкинки, энг муҳим бўғинини белгилайдиган долзарб вазифалардан бири ҳисобланади.
The article describes the role of the media in the history of Republic Uzbekistan independence, formation, development and legal framework. The creation of media documents, legislative reforms, and their role in building civil society.
The task of the Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan is to “nurture independent-minded, strong-willed, loyal youth, deepen democratic reforms and increase their social activism in the development of civil society.” Expanding the independent thinking capacity of future English language teachers requires active, inquisitive and up-to-date coherence in our developing country
as a result of radical reforms
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Researches of human population genomic variety and scenarios of its genetic pool formation arc one of perspective directions of modem genetics. Prompt progress in this field has allowed defining the basic routes of continents settlement. However the information about Central Asian (CA) populations even on «classical» genetic markers has accidental, fragmentary character, and requires additional large-scale investigations. Besides, according to historical, archeological, paleontological and some anthropogenetic studies, given region was playing certain role in ancient moving of modem human ancestors throughout Eurasian continent. Therefore it is extremely important to summarize and perform complex assessment of new and collected data on Central Asian populations as practically there arc no multivariate analyses studies of given region as a complex population system.
In studies of human population genetic structure arc usually used various approaches allowing understanding concept of populations subdivision and character of genetic relationships between them. Among these techniques the prominent place belongs to approaches based on an assessment of genetic distances between populations with their subsequent analysis by multivariate statistics methods. For even more compelling picture of the relationships between the populations on tree diagram we composed «the genetic landscape» of area, where the description of population genetic structure is presented by equally spaced figures consistently consolidating populations according to their genetic distances from each other and thus creating a genetic landscape. This approach is not only a tool for elementary population boundary detection, but also can be effectively used for identification of borders and sizes of population as naturalistic unit.
Multigcnctic landscape is a collection of different genetic systems which arc specific to the region and ethnic groups, which have their geographical areas, their geographical, historical and cultural boundaries. Gene flows arc run through these conventional boundaries, but they arc less intense than in the limits of area. These limits arc ambiguous and fluid, but it is real. You can identify them by studying, for example, the structure of marriage migration. Therefore anthropogenesis of different populations will inevitably differ from each other. Ethnogenetic composition tends to change over time, from generation to generation, and hence there is a need to understand the structure of the genepool, not only at a given time, but also in the study of genetic processes that form and reform the gcncpooL In this regard, the studying of multigcnctic landscapes is in close contact with the demographics, medical and genetic ecology, anthropology, ethnology, archeology and history of the peoples, that is, with a range of areas, not only natural, but also the humanities knowleges.
Study of genomic diversity is important not only to address questions of origin and genetic history of different ethnic groups, but is also the basis for molecular epidemiology of hereditary and multifactor diseases. Each region is characterized by a specific set of common genetically determined diseases. To understand the causes of the prevalence of disease in different regions, and to develop approaches to their early DNA diagnosis and effective prevention, initially it is necessary to conduct population-based studies, which determine the development of the disease.
Purpose of research is to implement a comprehensive description of the structure of indigenous Central Asian populations genetic pool, examine demographic, phylogenetic and evolutionary features of Central Asian populations through the analysis of genetic variety of mtDNA, Y-chromosomal (NRY), autosomal, X-chromosomal microsatcllites and immunogcnetic variants of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and hepatitis В virus (HB V).
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
specification of immunogcnetic variants of H.pylori and HBV, allocated at the patients in Central Asian region, with the subsequent comparative phylogenetic analysis of H.pylori and HBV regional versions with those in other regions of the world;
examination of genetic variety and degree of genetic differentiation of Central Asian populations according to classical population-genetic objects -polymorphisms of mtDNA, Y-chromosomal, autosomal and X- chromosomal STRs;
assessment of the Western and East-Eurasian lines of population inheritance contribution to Central Asian populations’ genetic pool at regional, ethnic, sub-cthnic levels and in a level of elementary populations;
reviewing of character of regional populations relationships by genetic variety of mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs markers in view of ethnographic, social and linguistic data;
evaluation of sex-specific genetic structure and the social organization according to polymorphisms of mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal markers in the region;
determination of ancient ways of migrations and scripts of formation of Central Asian populations according to mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs markers and immunogcnetic variants of H.pylori and HBV',
evaluation of ethnogenetic position of studied Central Asian populations in the system of genetic pools of Eurasia and the world in general through comparative analysis of all studied population-genetic parameters.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
for the first time was performed a study of genetic pool structure of 26 Central Asian populations from 6 ethnic groups as complete population systems using a wide range of genetic objects;
for the first time was made an assessment of informativeness of each type of genetic subjects. For the first time was received detailed characteristic of genetic pool structure of indigenous Central Asian population on the basis of variability lines of the spectrum of genetical objects;
for the first time was defined the ratio of Westem-and the East-Eurasian lines in a genepool of Central Asian population and were made an assessments of genetic variety level and genetic differentiation degree of regional populations as a whole;
for the first time phylogenetic analysis of major haplogroups of investigated genetic subjects was conducted;
for the first time the position of Central Asian population in population genetic pool system of surrounding regions and Eurasia in the whole was studied;
for the first time the evolutionary-adaptable mechanisms, necessary in the forecast of formations of multigenic pathologies in region were studied at 6 ethnoses of Central Asian.
CONCLUSION
1. H.pylori from Central Asian territory is similar to Western Europe isolates, and shaped by two ancestral populations genotype Ancestral Europe 1 (dominant) and Ancestral Europe2 and for AE1-genotype Central Asian region probably is the source. H.pylori from the territory of Central Asia form a separate cluster group: close relationship of Tadjik, Uzbek strains and Iranian isolates from the north of Iran is established. Kirghiz isolates were found to be closer to populations from territory of Siberia.
2. High diversity of HBV genotypes in Central Asia was found -4 genotypes (A, C, D, and G). Phylogenetic analysis of Central Asian genotype HBV-with options for other regions of the world showed a close relationship between the dominant genotype D (0,78), the D1-subtype with variants of the virus in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
3. The rates of genetic affinity for STR-NRY in Kazakhs, Turkmens, Karakalpaks Turtkul at the level of the same lineage were high: 0,58 (p<0,001); 0,34 (p<0,01) and 0,77 (p<0,001), respectively. The coefficients of relationship at the level of clan for Kazakhs, Turkmens, Uzbeks and Karakalpaks from Kungrad and Turtkul were lower: 0,30 (r<0,01); 0,21 (p<0,001) and 0,40 (r<0,001); 0,07 (p<0,05) and 0,09 (p<0,05), respectively. At the level of the tribe, the indicators were negative for all Turkic populations: -0,02 (r<0,05);-0,04 (r<0,001);-0,07 (p<0,01); -0,0011 (r<0,1) and -0,10 (r<0,01), respectively.
4. The analysis of mtDNA HVS-1 showed that total rate of differentiation level for all populations was low: FST=0,013; p<0,0001. Level of diversity between groups was 0,6% (p<0,001) of the total variability. Parameter of genetic differences between Turkic and Indo-Iranian populations made 0,55% (p<0,0283) of the total genetic variability. The rate of genetic differentiation on a sub-ethnic level was significantly expressed in Indo-Iranian group (FST=0,0197;r<0,001) than among the Turkic-speaking (0,3%; p=0,10). In all populations, in general, wasn‟t detected the correlation between genetic and geographic distances at the global level on mtDNA HVS-1: r=0,00682; p=0,502.
5. Analysis of STR-NRY showed that the level of the genetic differentiation between ethnic groups was 5,6% (p<0,02); general differentiation between populations made RST=0,186 (p<0,001). Combined analysis, taking into account the language and way of life of Turkic and Indo Iranian populations, showed the general differences between the two groups – 9,1% Value of genetic differentiation when comparing the ethnos-ethnos was slightly lower than the level within ethnos: 5,6% among ethnic groups, 18,6%, and 13,7%-between populations within the ethnic group.
6. Analysis of heterozygosity (H) and the average number of pairwise differences (p) of mtDNA, were high in nomadic populations (av.H=0,99; av.p=5,29) and farmer populations (av.H=0,99; av.p=5,32). Heterozygosity (H) on Y- chromosome was lower in nomadic groups than in the agrarian – 0,86 and 0,99,respectively (p<0,01). Nomadic populations exhibit a higher level of population differentiation (RST) in comparison with farmers - 0,19 and 0,06, respectively (p<0,01). Indicators of population growth (r) were lower in nomadic populations compared with farmers - 1,004 and 1,008, respectively (p=0,056).
7. The level of genetic differentiation in all ethnic groups was higher on the Y chromosome in comparison with mtDNA. The farming populations showed no significant difference in the genetic differentiation FST (Y)=0,069 and FST (mtDNA)=0,034, while among patrilineal nomadic population the level of genetic diversity was higher in the male line of inheritance - FST(Y)=0,177 and FST (mtDNA)=0,010. Genetic diversity of population structure in patrilineal nomads on autosomal and X-linked markers were: FST (A)=0,008 (0,006-0,010) and FST (X)=0,011 (0,001-0,004) (H0: FST(A)=FST(X); H1: FST(A)>FST(X); p=0,02). In bilinear farmer populations the differences of autosomal and X-chromosomal markers were insignificant: FST (A)=0,014 (0,012-0,016) and FST (X)=0,013 (0,008-0,018 at p=0,36).
8. Analysis of mtDNA indicated that the age of expansion on the territory of Eurasia (τw) declined significantly from East to West (r=0,72; p<0,001). The age of expansion had a pronounced tendency to decrease from 30 thousand years in China to 17 thousand years in Western Europe. Age of expansion in Central Asia amounted to 26 thousand years. Results of expansion analysis on NRY also show a decrease in genetic diversity from the East to the West of Eurasia (r=0,49; p<0,001). In Central Asia this age was 16 thousand yrs. According STRs-NRYBatwing analysis of the minimal age of Uzbek population origin was 1232,71 yrs old (Ne=14088 (6765-23942); α=0,0108 (0,0065-0,0155)).
9. The apportionment of multilocus genetic variations among ethnic and linguistic groups of Central Asian populations showed that more than 98% of all variations were within the population (p<0,0001). Evaluation of the ethnic and linguistic affiliations in the observed variations showed reliable conformity - FST=0,007; p<0,0001 and FST=0,011; p<0,0001, respectively. We didn‟t find evidence of geographical isolation within each of the Turkic and Indo Iranian groups of populations (p=0,363 and p=0,772, respectively).
10. Analysis of multilocus allelic diversity (AR) and heterozygosity (He) showed differences among the Central Asian and other populations in allelic variety (χ2 =105,29; d.f.=25; p<0,0001) and heterozygosity (χ2=67,98; d.f.=25; p<0,0001). Population differentiation at multilocus analysis at populations of Central Asia is more pronounced than in the other regions of Eurasia: in European and Middle Eastern groups pairwise estimation of FST ranged from 0,011 to 0,015 and -0,008-0,021, respectively; in East-Asian groups from -0,011 to 0,046; and finally, in Central Asia these rates ranged from -0,004 to 0,056. Heterozygosity was significantly higher in the group of the Indo-Iranian populations than among Turkic-speaking (He=0,818 and He=0,787, respectively; Z=-4, 55; p<0,0001). According to multilocus analysis all 26 Central Asian populations slightly but significantly differed (FST=0,015; CI99%=0,011-0,018; p<0,01).
Ushbu maqolada ilm-fan taraqqiyotining asosiy maqsad va vazifalari, bugungi kundagi ahamiyati, yuksak taraqqiyotga erishish uchun qo‘yilgan qadamlar, jamiyat ongida sog‘lom raqobatni yuzaga keltirish va mamlakatimizda olib borilayotgan ta’lim jarayonlaridagi kamchiliklar va ularni bartaraf etish usullari haqida so‘z boradi.
In the introductory part of the article the author speaks about judicial reform which is carried out in Uzbekistan. In the basic part of the article the legal status of public prosecutor in civil legal proceedings under national legislation is considered. In the conclusion the author comes to opinion, that it is necessary to study more deeply powers of the public prosecutor in civil legal proceedings in terms of development of legal basis of the given institute with a view of
strengthening protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.
Taxes are one of the main instruments of state fiscal policy and are traditionally included in the list of the most controversial ones, since tax issues are directly related to the solution of social, economic and political problems of the development of society. Property tax occupies a
special place in the tax system, one of which is the land tax, which is discussed in this article. The study of land taxation is especially relevant against the background of radical reforms in real estate taxation. The results of these reforms will affect both legal entities and individuals. Nevertheless, it is too early to talk about any results of the reform, since it is oriented towards the long term.
The article describes the main directions of land reform and the effective implementation of land resources в сельском хозяйстве Китая.. Analyzed issues of doing based on contract farming.
In the age of digital technologies, the knowledge of informatics has become extremely important, so the reform of the informatics education system, the use of innovative pedagogical and information-communication technologies in the teaching process, has become one of the urgent issues in education. The importance of using electronic textbooks, animations and video tools using modern pedagogical technologies to enrich the imagination in learning computer science is presented today.
Ushbu maqola viloyat yer resurslarini boshqarishni takomillashtirish negizida yerdan foydalanishni boshqarish tizimi samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan. Yer tabiiy resurs, umummilliy boylik sifatida jamiyat hayotida uning iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy rivojlanishi yo‘lida siyosiy, huquqiy jihatdan kelajakda yerdan foydalanish istiqbollari hisobga olingan holda takomillashuvi muhim hisoblanadi. Ayniqsa, yer resurslaridan foydalanishda teng huquqlilikni ta’minlash, yer resurslarini tartibga solishning iqtisodiy mexanizmini ro‘lini oshirish kabi masalalar sohaga raqamli axborot texnologiyalarini keng joriy qilish bilan xal etilmoqda.
Бугунги кунда Рсспубликамизда миллий ахборат комуникация сохасининг ривожланиши хисобига юртимизда юкори ва замонавий технологияларни жорий этишга эришилмокда, бу эса, уз навбатида барча сохаларни янада юксалтириш, уларнинг иш самарадорлигини ошириш имконини бсрмокда. Шу билан бирга, таълим тизимини замонавийлаштириш ва янги-янги таълимнинг шаклларини хаётга жалб этиш борасида хам улкан ишлар амалга оширилмокда. Шу боне, “ракамли таълим”, “масофавий таълим” ва шу каби тушунчалар ва уларнинг таркибий кисмлари хаётимизга узил-кесил кириб келди. Уларнинг кундалик хаётда турмушимизни чечогли осонлаштириши, харажатларни камайтириши, муаммоларни хал килишини купчилигимиз уз тажрибамиздан билиб олишга улгурдик ва тараккиётдаги ахдмиятини хисобга олиб, мамлакатимизда халк хужалигининг барча сохаларини янги форматга утказиш барча сохалар учун устивор вазифа килиб белгиланди.
Nowadays in our country particular attention is given to the organization and use of information resources in the field of education. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 5, 2017 № 2956 "On measures to further reform the medical education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan" created interactive methods of ICT application. The emergence of new computer hardware and software tools has led to the emergence of a new term "information technology" and the creation of various medical websites.