Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan there is a noticeable expansion of intercultural and inter-literary relations with foreign countries, as well as an increase in interest in fiction, which makes it necessary to pay close attention to translations of world literature into Uzbek and the best works of Uzbek literature into world languages. The translation of works of fiction is a very complex phenomenon, one of the main tasks of which is an adequate interpretation of the literary text. The translator must correctly translate the text from the original language, i.e. to convey both the meaning of the translated work and the image created by the writer, only then will the reader have a sense of adequate aesthetic perception of what he read. To translate correctly the conceptual and emotional content of a work, translation transformations help. According to Komissarov, translation transformations are formal-semantic in nature, transforming the form and meaning of the original units. That is, translation transformations are a translation method used in the translation of various original texts in cases where there is no correspondence in the translated language for a word from the original language or the existing word cannot be used in this context Our article discusses one of the important aspects of translation studies - lexical transformations. When working on them, such types of transformations as translation transcription and transliteration, tracing and lexical-semantic substitutions (which include concretization, generalization, modulation) will be considered. As a material for studying examples of lexical transformations, the work of the classic of Uzbek literature P. Kadyrov’s novel “Yulduzli tunlar. Bobur ”and its translations into Russian (done by Y. Surovtsev and published under the name“ Babur ”) and into Urdu (done by Manzur Salim and published under the name " ب ب ین لداظہیر "). It should be noted that the translations were made from Uzbek into Russian, and already from Russian into Urdu. The article considers and systematizes lexical transformations that occur during translation into multisystem languages.
Khaldun Taner is one of the most famous figures in Turkish literature of the 20th century. He made a great contribution to the development of modern Turkish drama and introduced it to the world. The author's works have been translated into Uzbek, Russian, English, German, Czech, Yugoslav, Kazakh, Azerbaijani and Georgian. The
article provides a general analysis of the translations of the playwright's works. Russian
and Uzbek translations of the stories "The Stork from Iznik" and "Four on a boat" are considered and compared with the original text, their spiritual closeness and stylistic commonality are emphasized in literary translation. Also, Russian and Uzbek translations of phraseological units in Taner's works are analyzed using examples.
The creative merit of Khaldun Taner lies not in depicting supernatural situations, events and people, but in depicting the lives of ordinary, small people. He changes the course of the story in such a way that the reader forgets the personality of the writer and plunges into the events. The writer places his wishes, opinions, decisions and criticism on the main characters of the story. Thus, the main characters of the story act as the narrator. Sometimes animals, sometimes symbols, sometimes objects give ideas to the work and reflect the personality of the writer. The translators who translated his works also took into account these features of the writer's style. As it turned out, the translators skillfully tried to preserve the spirit and nationality of the original work. The work "The Stork from Iznik" was translated into Uzbek by P. Kenzhaeva and into Russian by N. Pirverdyan with great skill and brought to the Uzbek and Russian readers. N. Golubeva skillfully translated the story "Four on a
Boat" into Russian.
Many works of art have been translated from Turkish into Uzbek. The contribution of Uzbek translators is significant. At the same time, the best examples of Uzbek literature are being translated into Turkish and presented to Turkish readers. The works of A. Kadyri, P. Kadyrov, A. Qahhor, O. Hoshimov and other famous writers who have made a worthy contribution to the development of Uzbek prose have reached Turkish readers today. The contribution of Turkish translators is invaluable. At the same time, Uzbek translators have made a worthy contribution to the translation of Uzbek literature into Turkish. Among them are translations of the works of the People's Writer of Uzbekistan, Hero of Uzbekistan Said Ahmad into Turkish by teachers Iristoy Kochkartoev, H. Khamidov and his students. Speaking about the analyzed works and translations, it is expedient to further develop the work in this area, to highlight some shortcomings of Uzbek translators, as well as their achievements, to conduct translations from the perspective of skilled translators.
This article is devoted to translations and research into world languages of Liao Jai's works of miracles. They were written by the great Chinese storyteller Pu Songling, who wrote under the pseudonym Liao Jai, who laid the foundation for the development of the magic novella and the creator of a unique school of folklore writing. It examines some issues, in particular the translations of short stories and their publications. Three centuries ago, he created Liao Jai's "Stories of Miracles". According to some reports, Pu Songling wrote about 500 short stories. However, some of his stories have not reached us. Throughout his life, the writer collected stories about extraordinary events and magical things, as well as folk anecdotes. No Chinese writer would know so many different forms of stories other than Pu Songling. In Chinese literature, the term story refers to the processing of folk tales and legends, sometimes parables or anecdotes, and in some cases - ancient stories or short stories. As a result of research and observation during this writing, it became known that from the 18th century to the present, Liao Jai's Strange Miracle Stories has been translated into more than twenty languages. The translations were into English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Czech, Greek, Polish, Hungarian, Russian, Irish, Latvian, Uzbek, Tajik, Kyrgyz, Russian, Ukrainian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Mongolian and other languages. In the course of this study, it was found that among the Chinese classical literature, there are very few works translated into such a number of languages. No historical work can detail the landscape of the past in as much detail as fiction. In this sense, Pu Songling's work is a reflection of the life of the Chinese people, an integral part of cultural heritage, a source of information that allows one to reflect on the life and uniqueness of different strata of Chinese society.
Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan there is a noticeable expansion of intercultural and inter-literary relations with foreign countries, as well as an increase in interest in fiction, which makes it necessary to pay close attention to translations of world literature into Uzbek and the best works of Uzbek literature into world languages. Translation of works of fiction is a very complex phenomenon, one of the main tasks of which is an adequate interpretation of the literary text. The translator must correctly translate the text from the original language, i.e. to convey both the meaning of the translated work and the image created by the writer, only then the reader will have a feeling of an adequate aesthetic perception of what he read. To translate correctly the conceptual and emotional content of a work, translation transformations help. According to Komissarov, translation transformations are formal-semantic in nature, transforming the form and meaning of the original units. That is, translation transformations are a method of translation used in the translation of various original texts in cases where for a word from the original language there is no correspondence in the translated language or the existing word cannot be used in this context In this article, one is considered. In this paper, one of the important aspects of translation studies is considered - grammatical transformations. When working on them, such types of transformations as grammatical substitutions,combined sentences, decomposition of sentences, literally translation will be considered. As a material for the study of examples of grammatical transformations, the material of P. Kadyrov’s novel “Yulduzli tunlar. Bobur ” and its translations into Russian (made by Y. Surovtsev and published under the title,“ Babur ”) and into Urdu from Uzbek (made by Manzur Salim and published under the title translated into Urdu" نیدلاریہظ رباب "). It should be noted that the translations were made from Uzbek into Russian, and already from Russian into Urdu. The article considers and systematizes lexical transformations that occur during translation into multisystem languages.
The article reveals the participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the world migration processes on the basis of official documents, statistical data, works of specialists. From the perspective of a historian, the place of Russia in the labor migration of Uzbeks, the cooperation of the two states, as well as the outlined new directions in this problem are shown. The article substantiates the positive and negative aspects of labor migration. In general, it is emphasized that Uzbekistan, as a full member of the international community, is an active participant in labor migration
Ushbu maqolada banklarni raqamli transformatsiya qilishda biometrik texnologiyalar, blokcheyn texnologiyasi, sun’iy intellekt, raqamli kreditlash, regulatory technology va pul o‘tkazmalarining imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan. Ushbu tadqiqotning natijalari bank xizmatlarini masofadan ko‘rsatish tizimlarini moliyaviy texnologiyalar imkoniyatlari asosida rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi
The article reveals the current participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in global migration on the basis of official documents and statistics. The role of Russia in the labor migration of Uzbeks, cooperation between the two countries, new measures have been identified. The pros and cons of labor migration are justified. In the article, the author expresses his attitude to the process of feminization in migration. It is analyzed that Uzbekistan, as an integral part of the world community, is actively involved in labor migration.
At the same time, it was noted that a system of employment has been created in the country, and the decisions taken in this regard are given.
Мақолада меҳнат миграциясининг мамлакат иқтисодиётига таъсири, унинг ижтимоий ва иқтисодий жиҳатлари ҳамда ҳозирги молиявий ресурсларнинг катта миқдорини ташкил этадиган меҳнат миграцияси ҳажмининг ўсиши шароитида уларни иқтисодиётга таъсири механизмини кучайтириш керак эканлиги баён этилган. Ушбу механизм нафақат истеъмол талаби, уй-жой, таълим ёки тиббий хизматга бўлган эҳтиёжлар учун балки, тадбиркорлик фаолиятини рағбатлантириш ва янги бизнес лойиҳаларига сармоялар сифатида ишлатилиши учун қулай шароитлар яратиш билан амалга оширилиши асосланган ва мамлакат миграция сиёсатини такомиллаштириш бўйича таклифларкелтирилган.
The article discusses the issues of digitalization of certain types of economic activity in the context of the total use of electronic (Internet) applications.The first type of activity is related to electronic commerce and the problem of paying through physical cards to an individual’s card, which leads to tax evasion by most people involved in this activity. The second type of activity is directly related to the first, and implies the introduction of a “virtual” cash desk in retail trade.
Each national language system has its peculiar legal terms and documents that undoubtedly provide the basis for the effective learning of English by future lawyers, judges, law enforcement bodies and clerks. Taking into consideration the training of highly qualified lawyers in independent Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as international and foreign legislative practice in our country, in order to develop a national legal system, it is necessary to create an educational and terminological dictionary for translating words of different branches from foreign language into native language and from native language into foreign language. The expressions of legal meaning reflect the aspects relating to legal relations among people.
The Uzbek-Russian-English dictionary of legal words and phrases consists of terms and words necessary for reading, understanding and translating legal literature of legal subjects by students, cadets, and academic staff of higher educational establishments.
In the current period of advanced technology, the topic of legal terminology is very broad, and it penetrates into the most advanced industries from everyday life to science and technology. So, it is natural that the lexical layer related to jurisprudence is huge and the semantic structure of its words is complex. From this point of view, attempts have been made to include words and expressions in this dictionary reflecting the main activities of the legal branches. The sources used to compile the dictionary include Russian-Uzbek dictionary of law terms, prepared by G.Ahmedov and Kh.Bektemirov, and the explanatory dictionary of the English language, general and special English-Russian and English-Uzbek dictionaries. Many of the terms given in this dictionary arc translated into Russian and English.
The dictionary contains terms and phraseological units in English, arranged in alphabetical order. The dictionary reflects translations of Uzbek legal terms into Russian and English as well.
The dictionary of legal expressions is compiled on the bases of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and consists of more than 3300 words and phrases. The dictionary is intended for researchers, translators, academic staff, students of academic lyceums, university students, doctoral students and applicants who are interested in English and learn language independently, as well as the wide range of readers.
This article is devoted to Uzbek translations of Indian writer Premchand. In the article it was analyzed the problems of translation from Hindi into Uzbek. Especially, to the translation of phraseology in Premchand’s novel “Vardan”.
Most of Adyla Yakubov's works have been translated into several languages of the world, including Turkish, as selected works of Uzbek literature. To date, the translations of some of the author's works have been studied from a scientific point of view, and the scientific study of the works is of current importance. As for the translations between the Uzbek and Turkish languages, which belong to the same language family, customs and national traditions are close to each other, the situation is changing significantly. It is no secret that apart from the advantages of translating between these two languages, there are some inconveniences and difficulties. The scientific problem posed in this article, devoted to the study of the issue of recreating portrait characteristics in literary translation between two closely related languages, will be considered on the example of the translation into Turkish of the novel "Address of Justice" by the outstanding Uzbek writer, master of literary word Adyl Yakubov. When choosing a research topic, it was taken into account that there are almost no scientific studies on topical issues of literary translation from Uzbek into Turkish in recent years, which, according to the requirements of the time, a colossal work has to be done in this direction. Determination of how portrait characteristics are recreated in translation will allow drawing informed conclusions about the quality, artistic value and aspects of the translator's skill. We hope that the conclusions drawn in this article will provide methodological support for future practical translation work.