The article is devoted to the structural-semantic classification of stylistic means of repetition in different language levels. Language is a mirror of culture, on the basis of which not only the real world around a person, not only the real living conditions of a person, but also the social consciousness of an entire nation, its mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, custom, psyche, value system, worldview, worldview. Language is a tool of culture, a weapon. It forms the worldview, mentality, communication with people, that is, through the culture of the nation, as well as through this language, which is used as a unit of communication, through a direct connection between the speaker and the language. As a form of human activity, language is an integral part of culture and is defined as the overall result of human activity in such aspects of human life as production, social and spiritual. But as a form of the mental world and, most importantly, as a unit of communication, language stands side by side with culture. Through the language itself, knowledge gained from individuals becomes a community experience that allows people of the same people and of the same culture to understand each other despite different experiences and diversity of knowledge. The man has long expressed his attitude to the events taking place in the environment. This attitude was realized, first of all, through various actions, voices, passions. Then emotions were expressed in words, phrases, dances. And then people come up with fictional stories explaining the origin of the world, nature, animals, plants, mountains, water. Guys, girls weave love songs. Myths and legends arise about the brave and courageous young men of the tribe, about their extraordinary heroism. All of this is still gaining popularity among the population who lived in communities before the advent of written culture. Today we are accustomed to calling them “folk oral creations”. The harmony of language, culture and folklore has always attracted the attention of researchers.
The аrticle describes the feаtures of teаching Аrаbic аs а foreign lаnguаge, modern innovаtive аpproаches to lаnguаge educаtion, аs well аs issues of literаry lаnguаge аnd diаlects. Аrаbic literаry lаnguаge is the most аcceptаble аnd cleаn version of this lаnguаge. Usuаlly this lаnguаge is not the lаnguаge spoken by the mаjority of the populаtion, becаuse people constаntly discover its vаrious mаnifestаtions. Diаlects аre chаrаcteristic of locаl populаtions аnd аre trаnsmitted orаlly without written preservаtion. This fаctor аlso poses pаrticulаr difficulties in teаching Аrаbic to foreign students. The method of communicаtive study of the Аrаbic lаnguаge, аlong with the methods of teаching the Аrаbic lаnguаge, plаys а key role in the effective mаstery of the Аrаbic lаnguаge. Leаrning grаmmаr is importаnt, but а student with deep knowledge of grаmmаr mаy not speаk fluently. Therefore, both of these methods аre of greаt importаnce. Lаnguаge is а culturаl phenomenon, therefore the culturаl аnd historicаl heritаge of eаch country depends on its lаnguаge. This, in turn, contributes to the development of the nаtion, country аnd society аs а whole. А person is, first of аll, а communicаtor, therefore we need to understаnd eаch other in order to develop аnd improve.
This article provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of aspects of speech culture, modern speech culture, which are always in the focus of the linguists. It is impossible to imagine the unity of the people living in a developed country without three important concepts: homeland, language and culture. World linguistics has shown that the study of language should be studied not as a closed system, but as a system in motion that is, in relation to such areas as society, thought, culture, politics, ideology, religion and etc. The connection of the science of language with various fields opens up a wide range of possibilities in the discovery of its new features, since the doctrine of speech culture is developed in connection with the creation of views on literary and non-literary forms of language, static and dynamic state and its functional types. The modern concept in speech culture - normative, communicative, moral principle and rhetorical canon are the main features of cultural speech, all of which play a very important role development. In order to present speech in a cultural way, it is necessary to develop the skills of choosing and using the necessary language tools, to form a conscious attitude towards them and to follow the established norms.
Аny lаnguаge consists of four skills which аre (listening, speаking, reаding, writing) аnd аs much аs the level of the Аrаbic lаnguаge teаcher for non-Аrаbic speаking speаkers of these skills in the Аrаbic lаnguаge enаbles the level of Аrаbic lаnguаge leаrners to be spoken by other thаn those skills, аnd in this sense wаs This reseаrch is аbout the importаnce of lаnguаge skills for the Аrаbic lаnguаge in teаching аnd leаrning the Аrаbic lаnguаge for non-nаtive speаkers, аnd the importаnce of this reseаrch is in its orientаtion to teаchers of Аrаbic lаnguаge who do not speаk Аrаbic аnd whаt it represents the importаnce of knowing the lаnguаge skills of the Аrаbic lаnguаge аnd knowing its importаnce in teаching the lаnguаge аs well аs the role of the teаcher аnd leаrner аnd Teаching methods аnd how to develop those skills аnd the meаns used to teаch those skills. The need for non-nаtive speаkers of Аrаbic lаnguаge to identify these skills, their importаnce аnd the role of the teаcher in them аnd how they аre performed is no less thаn the need of Аrаbic lаnguаge leаrners from other speаkers, in this reseаrch we leаrn the lаnguаge skills of the lаnguаge Аrаbic аnd its importаnce аnd the role of the teаcher in her teаching, аs well аs the role of the leаrner in her leаrning, аs well аs how to develop this skill for the teаcher аnd the leаrnerَ. The reseаrcher hаs relied on his field studies through his work in the Depаrtment of Аrаbic Lаnguаge, Fаculty of Orientаl Lаnguаges, Tаshkent Stаte University for Orientаl Studies, аnd to identify some of the problems fаcing Аrаbic lаnguаge teаchers who аre not speаkers of it, аs well аs the difficulties fаcing Аrаbic lаnguаge leаrners аt the university аt their vаrious levels of beginner, intermediаte аnd upper Аnd аlso for grаduаte students; therefore we cаn sаy thаt fаmiliаrity with the lаnguаge skills of the Аrаbic lаnguаge аnd how to teаch аnd develop it is аn urgent necessity in building curriculа for teаching Аrаbic to non-speаkers аs well аs in progrаms for prepаring Аrаbic lаnguаge teаchers for non-speаkers. Аnd presenting them in а wаy thаt helps in the educаtionаl process by employing these skills effectively in the clаssroom, аnd not only thаt they аre merely knowledge informаtion provided to students аnd teаchers.
The article presents the analysis, theoretical foundations, and results of empirical testing of the use of information and communication technologies as a means of helping future officers in military educational institutions master communicative competence in foreign languages. A wide range of ICTs used in language teaching was presented, and the rationale for integrating ICTs into the processof language learning by students was presented. Conducted a pedagogical experiment to test the effectiveness of ICT in the military educational environment; his finds are described. The effectiveness of the use of ICT in the process of teaching a language in a military university has been proven, as a result of which language skills, professional training, and general education skills of cadets are improved. The introduction of ICT has played an important role in providing strong motivation influencing students' attitudes towards language learning and in developing their independence, creativity, and cognitive skills. Future officers have found the opportunity to interact and maintain real contact with native speakers, colleagues, or military experts, as well as to participate in international projects through video chats and video calls, which are especially inspiring and enjoyable. Another advantage of integrating ICT is the ability to present the subject in different ways, depending on the individual learning style of the trainees. The use of visual aids such as pictures, videos, multimedia presentations, and infographics aroused students' interest in reading and made texts easier to understand when they were illustrated with pictures, graphics, illustrations, audio, and video. Technology has given students more control over their learning and more freedom to collaborate in the classroom.
This article is about Japanese culture and Japanese. Today, modern linguistics focuses on studies of the worldview of people and the linguistic picture. Numerous factual materials have been collected to study these issues in various languages and cultures, including the Japanese language and culture. At the same time, there is no clear idea of what factors lead to each individual language and culture, when the language affects the moral of people or vice versa. The first steps are being taken to study the Japanese landscape of the world, but it has also been described in detail in various approaches.
They related opinions about lexicology in linguistics to the study of word meaning. “... linguistic analysis of translation covers linguistic and speech factors. An integrated, structural-functional approach to the study of translation is in line with the development trend of modern linguistics, which is characterized by its refusal to limit its subject to the field of "internal linguistics" and considers language as a "form of activity." The thing in the universe, the event, the behavior are reflected as a concept in human thinking. They expressed the concept through the integrity of meaning and the form of action. Language represents being. Existence and language are inextricably linked. It is on the basis of these two concepts and a number of approaches to their relationship have emerged. Some linguists believe that language and being are inextricably linked, and that language represents the objective world. Some argue that language and being are separate concepts. They don't talk about animals, or they don't have mythical expressions, such as mermaids or giants in textiles, but they are expressed in language.
The article investigates the meaning of the term "sociolinguistics" in modern linguistics, the problems of sociolinguistics, as well as the history of development and the reasons for the relevance of sociolinguistic research. The article discusses the problems of sociolinguistics in the study of the state language of different countries and interethnic communication.
Subject of the research: system of consonants and types of articulatory transitions in the Russian and Karakalpak languages.
Purpose of work: identifying similarities and differences of articulatory transitions on the place of the formation of consonants and binominal consonant combinations in the Russian and Karakalpak languages in quantitative and qualitative aspects taking into consideration the hardness-softness (in the Russian language) and synharmohardness-synharmosoftness (in the Karakalpak language).
Methods of research: method of linguistic description, method of componcntial analysis, comparative method, method of linguostatistic analysis.
1'hc results obtained and their novelty: 1) comparative study of the Russian and Karakalpak languages taking into consideration their prosodic dominants: the word accent (of the Russian language) and synharmonizm (of the Karakalpak language) has been conducted for the first time; 2) consonant phonemes of the Russian language and synharmophoncmes of the Karakalpak language have been comparatively analyzed as classes (sets) of sounds and synharmosounds; 3) the quantitative-qualitative analysis of articulatory transitions on the place of the fonnation of consonants and binominal consonant combinations with an account of hardness-softness (in the Russian language) and synharmohardness-synharmosoftness (in the Karakalpak language) has been carried out: 4) comparative analysis of articulatory transitions on the place of the fonnation of consonants of the Russian and Karakalpak languages from the viewpoint of their filling, frequency, equivalence and non-cquivalcncc has been carried out.
Practical value: the materials of the research may be used in the teaching process of at universities, in delivering lectures and on comparative study of the Russian and Karakalpak languages, as well as writing textbooks and manuals on phonetics and phonology, in compiling special dictionaries.
Degree of embed: the results of the research have been used in teaching courses in Comparative Linguistics, the Russian language, the Karakalpak language at the faculties of the Karakalpak State University and the Nukus State Pedagogical Institute.
Field of application: comparative linguistics, phonetics and phonology of Russian and Karakalpak languages, teaching Russian to Karakalpak students, teaching Karakalpak to Russian students.
The article deals with one of the important issues of modern language policy in Germany where the language and cultural integration of children from families of migrants and refugees are developed. Cultural integration will also be affected. Knowledge of German and possibilities of integration are in direct connection. In view of the migration crisis of 2015–2016, when about 1,139 million refugees arrived in Germany, this issue has become particularly relevant. A large number of refugees are also able to distort the real native German language. So the observations can be noted, that the indigenous Germans began to imitate their "brothers" from the Middle East. Young people in Germany, particularly Germans, tend to copy the accent of refugees, and the same refugees with great effort to copy the accent of the Germans. In addition to linguistic differences, there are differences in culture and religion. The specificity of cultures makes itself felt. The German government faces new problems affecting new spheres of life. The large influx of refugees undermines the country's economic, cultural and political stability. The main dissatisfaction is that the Germans increased the rate of income tax to provide refugees with all the necessary attributes for a comfortable stay in their country. At the same time, another problematic issue of the well-being of the Germans is the spread of the Islamic religion. Today in the information "ocean" there are many examples of how Islam is exposed under the wrong angle. This has a rather negative impact on the successful integration of refugees in new country. Language integration of adults and children who arrived in the country with their parents for permanent residence becomes a task of national scale. The concentration of attention in solving such disputes is explained by the fact that in a multinational country like Germany it is difficult to get along with several people at once. The article discusses the degree of effectiveness of solving the problem of language policy by the government of Germany in the post-crisis period.
As you know, there are different branches and directions in the world of translation. Friendly relations between the Uzbek and Chinese peoples serve to strengthen and expand literary ties. In modern Chinese and Uzbek linguistics, more and more attention is paid to the study of language, especially vocabulary, semantics, analogies and metaphors. The fact that research in world linguistics is carried out on a large scale in the historical-comparative, system-structural and anthropocentric directions makes it possible to study the development of the language and the changes taking place in it. In the field of comparative linguistics, a number of studies have been carried out in order to systematize the lexico-stylistic, phraseological and grammatical units of each national language through a comparative study of comparable languages in order to identify common features and differences for both. Each language has its own vocabulary. The fact that a word is expressed using lexical, phraseological and lexico-phraseological words, in turn, shows how long the language has a history. The correct and purposeful use of this wealth makes speech effective and expressive. Since ancient times, writers and philosophers have paid particular attention to the use of phraseological units to make them more effective and efficient. Phraseology is a holistic phrase that distinguishes a language from other ordinary words and has its own set of literary linguistic norms, as well as its own origin story. Phraseological compounds have been widely used in Uzbekistan since the first half of the last century. Created a number of articles, monographs, dissertations, glossaries, textbooks, teaching materials.
Linguocultural studies, a new branch of modern linguistics, studies a language not only as a means of knowing, but also as the cultural code of a nation. The idea that scientists which is seeing the world differently through the prism of the mother tongue is attracting a lot of new research among researchers. In linguistics, when cultural information is studied through language that carry information, such language units are grouped under the term linguocultural units. For example, realia, concept, lacunas, stereotypes, speech labels are all linguocultural units. The main tasks of linguocultural studies are to describe the linguistic picture of the world, the conceptosphere, which is a set of basic concepts of culture, the linguistic consciousness and linguistic units that reflect the national-cultural mentality of language owners, national socio-cultural stereotypes specific to speech. An analysis from the point of view of linguocultural studies in the study of cultural transfer in the translated text helps to study the language of the people's thinking in the study, its specific aspects of perception of the world. When a work of art is translated, the ideas in it, the factors that reflect the worldview of the nation, are also receptive to the text of the translation. Just as each language reflects the culture of that nation, so while the translated reader reads the work in his own language, some phrases encourage the reader to understand and imagine the work in terms of their own culture. That is, a single text can be understood and interpreted differently from the point of view of different peoples, nations. Because factors such as the nature, culture, customs, and religion in which a person lives influence his world of thoughts, concepts, and imaginations. The use of culturally colored words that are not found in the original text in the translated text is a factor in the fact that the translated text is a cultural transfer. While this may be the method the translator consciously uses to convey the idea of the sentence in the original text, it may also be the method chosen to ensure that the translated work is understandable to the reader. In either case, the most important factor in both methods is culture, which reflects the transfer of culture in the translated text.
In the introductory part of the article value of proper language in the legal sphere are considered. In the basic part are shined value of legal language is shown. Besides question of the correct use of legal terms and expressions in the legislation are researched. In the conclusion the author comes to opinion, that promotion of legal language standards has opened a way to cooperation of scientists-jurists and linguists that should lead to improvement of quality of laws and other legal acts.
The article analyzes the philosophical and didactic work of the scientist Yusuf Khass Hadjib Balasaguni, who lived in the X1-XN centuries, "Kutadgu Bilig" ("Blessed knowledge") and the moral and spiritual views contained therein. The first major monument of Turkic written literature, the work "Kutadgu bilig", which is a kind of manifestation of the didactic philosophy of the Turkic peoples, contains detailed information on the advanced socio-political, spiritual and moral issues of its time, history, culture, science, traditions and foundations of the Turkic peoples, lifestyle, values. The themes of this work are very comprehensive and the issues of man in particular, his social essence, thinking, morality are described through artistic images, poetic proverbs and sayings. The modern meaning of the thinker's views on speech and language etiquette is manifested through symbols, signs and symbols and coverage of such issues as man and faith, man and society, man and duty.
Diaspora literature is one of the topical issues of contemporary literary studies and it shows the necessity for analyzing in terms of special characteristics. The works by the writers who contribute into diaspora literature are analyzed and the general features of this tendency are pointed by the researcher. Languages and cultures collision, biographic method application, time and space correlation are the major features of diaspora literature. In scholarly publications the terms “diaspora” and “expatriate” are used synonymously, but this research suggests that they have distinctive features based on the examples. The artistic peculiarities of the woks by Afghan born American writer Khaled Hosseini can be seen obviously if his novels are analyzed and interpreted in line with the major features of Diaspora literature investigated by the researcher. The object of this research is the novels “The Kite Runner”, “A Thousand Splendid Suns”, “And the Mountains Echoed” by Hosseini and they are analyzed focusing on the three major characteristics of Diaspora literature. Considering the language as a main factor of this trend and being different from other researches Afghan Diaspora writers are divided into two categories: writers who write their works in English and writers who write their works in Persian. Concerning the major characteristics found in this research it is obvious that Hosseini globally depicts the problems of his nation and country, moreover tries to prove the fact that Afghan people also want to have peace and wealth the same as other human beings. Moreover, the writer uses Arabian, Persian and Turkic words in his English texts to depict Orientalism in his works.
Currently, there is a rapid process of globalization in all spheres of social life, including in the field of national languages and mercilessly endangers the leveling of national cultures and values. In such conditions, each nation should take care of the future of its language and strive to preserve the social function of the language. Otherwise, in the near future, both the language (the culture) and the nation itself will lose their national identity and even existence. Language is the key to all scientific and technological progress. To this end, we must collect the vocabulary of all the works of the classical period, starting with “Divan Lugati-t-Turk” (an essay in Turkic vocabulary) by Mahmud Kashgari to the present, create a text corpus of the Uzbek language, create concordant vocabulary works. At the next stage, comes collecting all borrowings in the language, classifying them according to European languages and, if possible, replacing them with an equivalent in the Uzbek language or with an analogue from the Turkic languages. The words of Arabic and Persian origin are widely used in the Uzbek language from many times, being an integral part of it. It is better to replace them if there are suitable equivalents in the Uzbek language. In Uzbek language, the full-blooded norm of the term of creation does not yet exist. In this area, it is necessary to study the experience of highly developed countries and develop a promising program for the term of the Uzbek language. It is necessary to collect all the dictionaries of the Turkic languages that are currently developed and to use their experience in order to improve the Uzbek language. Alisher Navoi is the founder of the modern Uzbek language and the author of the largest collected works in the Uzbek language. For this reason, it is necessary, first of all, to develop concordances of his works and create a complete author's dictionary of his works.