The study of poetic works and journalistic articles about the reform of knowledge and education in the journal “Al Islah” (1915-1918) from the influential publications of modern intellectuals, such as “Oyna”, “Sadoi Turkestan”, “Sadoi Ferghana” was researched. The journal analyzed the disputes of modern intellectuals about the upbringing of the younger generation, the system of education in schools and madrassas, impartial comments were given. Jadid’s journalistic articles with the idea of reforming the backwardness and lack of enlightenment in the life of the people of Turkestan are covered for the first time based on the original source. On the example of the work of such intellectuals as Saidahmad Vasli, Ziyovuddin Kari, Abdulgafarkhoja, Khalmukhammed, Torakuli, Mubashshir Khan, the issue of promoting education and reforming schools is analyzed, and scientific and theoretical conclusions are made.
This textbook presents the formation of the digital economy, its technological foundations, the formation of the digital economy in the world and in Uzbekistan, the processes of using digital technologies in higher education and statistics. In addition, national and international cyber security, electronic government, digital democracy, transition from electronic government to digital state in conditions of digital transformation, prospects of digital state in Uzbekistan and risks that may arise in digital transformation processes are described. It is recommended as a textbook for undergraduate students of higher educational institutions in our republic. It is also intended for specialists, professors, teachers, researchers, graduate students and readers interested in the field of digital economy in economic sectors.
PRF matritsalari yuz-jag’ jarrohlik va implantologiyada turli ko'rsatkichlar uchun ishlatilgan. Ba'zi klinik tadqiqotlar turli qon konsentrat tizimlarining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari haqida xabar beradi. So'nggi paytlarda turli xil maqolalar va adabiyotlarda PRF dan foydalanish bo'yicha mavjud ma'lumotlarni umumlashtirishga qaratilgan. Ushbu tezisda quyidagi asosiy savollarni ko’rib chiqish uchun PRF ning ahamiyatiga e'tibor qaratilgan: tish olingan bemorlarda og'riqni oldini olish va yumshoq to'qimalar va suyaklarni qayta tiklashda PRF samaradorligi qanday?
Usman Nasir’s work has been studied on a scientific basis since the beginning of the 30s, and his works were included in educational programs and textbooks of the literary complex. In the following years, the study and research of the poet’s life and work increased. Literary works have been published several times. A number of scientific articles and books were created. In this field, we can mention the scientific researches of literary scholars Naim Karimov, Abubakir Rajabi, Ibrahim Gafurov, O’tkir Rashid, the poet’s niece Nodira Rashidova. In his book dedicated to Usman Nasir, A.Rajabi covered the poet’s life and creative activity for the first time. The article examines which aspects of the poet’s life and work have been stud-ied by literary scholars.
The paraphrases of the Uzbek language were studied for the first time in the article. Preliminary ideas about the types of paraphrases were also presented. To date, paraphrases have not been studied in a monograph, not only in Uzbek linguistics but also in all world linguistics, which is not a separate, special object of scientific research. Although paraphrases are actively used in our oral and written speech as one of the means of artistic imagery, they are one of the factors that show the richness of language, and the breadth of semantic possibilities. Paraphrases serve to make speech impressive, clear, logical, and unique. There are only a few articles in world linguistics that give a concise definition of paraphrases in dictionaries, along with comments, noting that paraphrases have their own characteristics within the means of artistic representation and should be studied separately. Consequently, the separate study of this figurative expression from a scientific and theoretical point of view, the elucidation of its nature, and the discovery of its essence are one of the issues to be addressed in today’s general linguistics, especially stylistics. The work is based on the achievements in the field of linguistics, the categories of dialectical philosophy: generality and specificity, cause and effect, possibility and reality, unity of form and content, clarity and abstraction. The problem of paraphrasing (figurative expression), which is one of the means of expression, which clearly shows the richness of any language, has not been the subject of separate research to date. But there are certain ideas about paraphrasing, albeit a little about its place in language and speech. Observations show that from a general linguistic point of view, the same term is used in invariants such as paraphrase, periphrase, periphrases, and it is noted that speech is one of the most effective means of expression. We found it necessary to use the term paraphrase in our article. Because, first of all, this term is widely used in general linguistics. That is, it is mentioned separately in monographs, manuals, textbooks and articles; secondly, and most importantly, the term paraphrase clearly defines the nature of the phenomenon under study. By the way, the part «para» in the term paraphrase means similar or contiguous, meaning a pair. It is well known that paraphrases in language arise as a result of a deeper study and knowledge of world events, and an increase in the ability of human thinking. The development of technology and science, the fact that the people who are the owners of the language, its creator, are in full contact with neighbouring countries, as a result of increased trade with them, also increase the number of paraphrases at the expense of words passed from one language to another. Therefore, we aimed to examine the paraphrases of language (languages) together with the historical society - its history, in connection with the development of the people.
Ushbu maqolada umrini ta’lim-tarbiyaga, ilm-fan rivojiga bag‘ishlagan,ona tili fani o‘qitish muammolari va uning dolzarb masalalariga oid ko‘plab ilmiy maqola, tezislar yozib, metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqqan, o‘quv qo‘llanma va darsliklar yaratgan ajoyib, fidoyi inson, filologiya fanlari nomzodi, dotsent Tursunqul Almamatovning ilmiy faoliyati va metodik tavsiyalari haqida ma’lumotga ega bo‘lamiz.
Maqolada bugunda masofaviy ta’limning qanchalik imkoniyat va qulayliklar yaratib berishi ilmiy tadqiq qilinadi. Masofaviy ta’limning rivojlanish tarixi davlatlar misolida tahlil qilinadi. Jumladan, masofaviy ta’lim jarayonida tashkil etiladigan kurslar nashr etilgan materiallardan iborat bo‘lib, o‘z ichiga uslubiy ko‘rsatmalar, qo‘shimcha ta’lim uchun maqolalar to‘plami, laboratoriya amaliyotlarini bajarish uchun uslubiy ko‘rsatmalar va boshqalarni qamrab olishi xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi.
In the textual studies of the peoples of the world, attention to the study of national literary heritage based on primary sources is growing stronger than ever. The study of manuscript sources makes it possible to restore the texts of the works of a poet or writer in accordance with the original (at least close to it), regardless of the period in which they lived. Without restoring a reliable text, the poet's work cannot be analyzed in terms of theoretical problems of literary studies. In world textology, research is being conducted on such scientific problems as comparative analysis of manuscript sources, creating a scientific biography of the creator, and studying the history of the text of an artistic work. Among them, a great deal of experience, knowledge and material has been collected within the framework of studying the sources of Eastern manuscripts spread throughout the world's libraries, including the works of Alisher Navoi and Babur, great figures of Turkish literature. Extensive research is the basis for the creation of the theoretical foundations of textual studies. Uzbek textology has progressed on the basis of existing scientific experiences and has achieved certain results in the study of classic literary sources. Researching the literary heritage of authors who have left a bright mark in the history of national literature, studying manuscript and lithographic sources based on the latest scientific achievements is one of the primary tasks of source studies and textual studies. After all, "...studying and promoting Uzbek classic and modern literature at the international level, analyzing this multifaceted topic in integral connection with the most important processes taking place in the world's literary space today, creating the necessary scientific - drawing practical conclusions is of great importance..." 1 . Accordingly, it becomes clear that it is urgent to carry out a scientific monographic study of the sources of the lyric divan of Khorezm literary environment representative Mutrib Khonakharob (1853-1923), study the textual history of the poet's works, and develop the principles of preparing a scientific and critical text. The study of Mutrib's work began during the poet's lifetime. Tabibiy recognizes the achievements of the poet in poetry and music in the collections "Majmuat ush-shuaroyi payravi Feruzshahi" and "Majmuat mukhammasot ush-shuaroyi Feruzshahi". "Biographies of poets and writers of Khiva" by Hasanmurad Laffasi, "Poets and singers of Khorezm" by Bobojon Tarroh, "Tazkirayi Qayyumiy" by Polatjon Qayyumiy also provide valuable information about the poet's work. O. Sharafiddinov, M. Yunusov, N.M. Mallayev, Yu. Yusupov, M. Pirnazarov, A. Abdugafurov published articles. These articles cover the biography of the poet, the ideological scope and artistry of his works, thematic and genre features of his literary heritage. But in most of them, the poet's works were interpreted under the influence of communist ideology. M. Pirnazarov studied manuscript and lithographic sources of Mutrib's lyrical heritage, subject scope, genre features, and artistic skills. Although this research provided valuable information for its time, problems such as creating a scientific biography of the poet, researching the author's works in the field of theoretical problems of textual studies, and creating a scientific-critical text are still waiting to be solved. In studying the poet's literary heritage, the book "Mutrib Khonaharobi (Ref. Collection)" is noteworthy. However, besides the fact that the text of these poems is not complete, there are also errors in the reading of words. In this tutorial, the manuscripts numbered 906/VII, 903/IV, 2679/II of the Department of Muhammad Hasan Mutrib kept in the main and H. Sulayman funds of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as Turkish manuscripts in bayoz, complex and tazkira poems, information about the poems in manuscript bayoz kept in Khiva Ichonqala Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz II Museum.
There are many reasons for people working in the medical field to learn English. Firstly, because most of the modern scientific literature is published in English. During the translation process, some essential details of the article may be lost, so if a person is competent in English, he can avoid the difficulties associated with this. Moreover, a medical professional can publish an article in English himself, thereby presenting the results of his research to the international medical community. Moreover, knowledge of the English language makes it possible to internships in English-speaking countries and international communication. Finally, the study of languages promotes the development of memory, which is also necessary in the study of medical disciplines.
The publicistic style of language became discernible as a separate style in the middle of the 18th century, ll falls into three varieties, each having its own distinctive features. Unlike other styles, the publicistic style has spoken varieties, in particular, the oratorical substyle. The development of radio and television has brought into being another new spoken variety, namely, the radio and TV commentary.
The rhetoric in the professional work of a teacher is presented in the article. Specific features of the pedagogical speech are described.