Vol. 39 No. 2 (2025)

After graduating from high school, many students dream of studying abroad to pursue their tertiary education. But does it always come down with only advantages? The answer is not always positive. This article explores key challenges faced by international students studying away from home. Emotional, financial and academic struggles are explored with the help of a literature review and qualitative research. Through interviews with international students, key barriers are identified and recommendations for universities are proposed. The article highlights the importance of support to improve the international student experience.

Abstract: The problem of the harmonious development of children and the upbringing of their need for daily physical activity is one of the acute problems in our society. In this article, much attention is paid to the development of motor qualities in children 5 - 7 years old by means of using the elements of playing volleyball.

Annotation: This article comprehensively reviews the relevance, causes of spread, clinical significance, and impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) on the medical field. The research highlights the increasing trend of ARB-related infections and the limitations of existing treatment methods. Strategic approaches and preventive measures to address the problem are proposed based on international experience.

Abstract: This article studies the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the cardiovascular system. The study analyzed the incidence of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke among diabetic patients. It also identified the mechanisms by which diabetes affects the activity of the heart muscle and the function of the circulatory system. The article also provides recommendations for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular complications based on statistical data.

Annotation: Football ( English : football ; foot — "foot", ball — "ball") is a sports game. The goal of the game is to get the ball into the opponent's goal . This is attempted by the goalkeeper of each team , who is allowed to touch the ball with his hand inside the penalty area near his own goal. All other players, as well as the goalkeeper who goes outside his own penalty area, are not given this right. During the fight for the ball, it is forbidden to use force such as knocking down, hitting the opponent. If a player is in a position to hit the ball with any part of his body (usually his feet) other than his hands, the player is considered in possession of the ball. Football is usually played on a rectangular field .

Annotation: The history of the emergence and development of boxing . Emergence of boxing as a sport. Boxing in the USA, England, Egypt, Ancient Greece . The formation and development of boxing in Russia before the revolution . Development of boxing in Uzbekistan. The role of boxers in World War II. Achievements of boxers of Uzbekistan in the Olympic Games, world and European championships. Boxing techniques. Summation of attack and defense methods, general understanding of boxing technique. Definition, classification and terminology of boxing techniques. Boxer movement technique system, criteria and (quantity of quality) effectiveness.

Annotation: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among working-age adults worldwide. As a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, DR affects the retina’s blood vessels, leading to structural and functional damage over time. The disease progresses through distinct stages, beginning with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and potentially advancing to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), where neovascularization poses a significant threat to vision. This article explores the pathophysiology of DR, outlines current diagnostic methodologies including imaging and clinical grading systems, and examines management strategies encompassing glycemic control, pharmacologic therapies, and surgical interventions. Based on a synthesis of clinical and theoretical data, this paper emphasizes the importance of early detection and comprehensive treatment strategies to minimize the risk of irreversible vision loss in diabetic patients.

Annotation: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects. It is one of the leading causes of blindness globally, often developing insidiously and remaining asymptomatic until advanced stages. This article investigates the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic interventions for POAG through a structured clinical study. The methodology involved comprehensive ocular examinations, intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual field analysis in patients diagnosed with POAG. The analysis emphasizes the correlation between early detection and preserved visual function. Findings highlight the importance of lifelong monitoring and patient-specific treatment regimens, including pharmacologic and surgical options. The study advocates for proactive screening and individualized care plans to prevent vision loss from POAG.

Annotation: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. It results from prolonged hyperglycemia, which damages retinal blood vessels, leading to visual impairment. This article explores the progression of diabetic retinopathy, current diagnostic tools, and management strategies. Using clinical observations and recent research data, the methodology involves examining patients at various stages of the disease and assessing the efficacy of interventions such as glycemic control, laser photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections. The results show a strong correlation between early intervention and disease stabilization. This study highlights the need for routine screening and integrated treatment approaches to prevent vision loss due to DR.

Annotation: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in individuals over 50 years of age in developed countries. It primarily affects the macula, the central region of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. AMD is typically categorized into two forms: dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular or exudative). The dry form is more common and progresses slowly, while the wet form is less prevalent but more severe and can lead to rapid vision loss. This article explores the clinical features, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies for AMD. Utilizing a structured methodological approach, it evaluates patient data, imaging results, and treatment outcomes across various stages of the disease. The findings emphasize the role of early diagnosis and the application of anti-VEGF therapies and lifestyle interventions in managing AMD progression and preserving visual function.

Annotatsiya:  Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy kompyuter fanining muhim bo‘g‘inlaridan biri bo‘lgan ma’lumotlar tuzilmalari, xususan, stek va navbatning nazariy va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu tuzilmalar algoritmik muammolarni hal qilishda qanday ishlatilishi, ularning LIFO va FIFO prinsiplariga asoslangan xususiyatlari, shuningdek, C# dasturlash tilida ular bilan qanday ishlash mumkinligi batafsil bayon etilgan. Real hayotdagi dasturiy tizimlarda stek va navbatning roli, ularning afzalliklari va cheklovlari misollar orqali yoritiladi. Dasturiy kod namunasi orqali o‘quvchiga tuzilmalarning ishlash mexanizmi amaliy tarzda tushuntiriladi. Ushbu maqola informatikani o‘rganayotgan talabalar, dasturchilar va algoritmlar bilan ishlovchi tadqiqotchilar uchun foydalidir.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur ilmiy maqolada zamonaviy grafik interfeyslarni yaratishda keng qo‘llanilayotgan WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) texnologiyasida animatsiyalardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Unda WPF tizimida harakatlanuvchi obyektlar, vizual o‘zgarishlar va foydalanuvchi tajribasini oshirishga xizmat qiluvchi animatsiya elementlari dasturlashdagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada Storyboard, DoubleAnimation, ColorAnimation kabi asosiy animatsion komponentlarning ishlash prinsiplari va amaliy misollar asosida ularni amalga oshirish usullari keltirilgan. Dasturchilarga interaktiv interfeyslar yaratishda animatsiyaning foydalari, samaradorlikka ta’siri va dizayn yondashuvlari batafsil yoritiladi.

Abstract: This study explores the effectiveness of digital storytelling as an innovative pedagogical tool for enhancing writing skills among intermediate French learners. With the increasing integration of digital technology in language education, digital storytelling offers a dynamic platform for learners to engage creatively with the French language, combining textual, visual, and audio elements. The research investigates how digital storytelling activities influence learners' ability to organize ideas, apply grammatical structures accurately, and enrich their vocabulary in written French. Data were collected through pre- and post-intervention writing assessments, alongside qualitative feedback from participants. The findings suggest that digital storytelling significantly improves writing fluency, coherence, and complexity. The study highlights the pedagogical implications for incorporating digital tools in French language curricula to foster learners' writing competence in a communicative and engaging manner.

В данной статье представлен комплексный анализ факторов формирования подземного водного месторождения Сох. Освещены роль геоморфологических, геологических, литологических, климатических и гидрологических условий в процессах питания и аккумуляции подземных вод. Также рассмотрены особенности движения и механизм пополнения водоносных горизонтов. Результаты исследования имеют важное научно-практическое значение для устойчивого использования и охраны ресурсов Сохского месторождения.

Annotatsiya:  Ushbu maqola virusga qarshi vositalar farmasevtikada qo’llanishi,  dori vositalari ularni olish usullari , tibbiyotda qo’llanilish sohalariga mo’ljallangan . Antiviral preparatlar tanangizga zararli viruslar bilan kurashishga yordam beradi. Ushbu dorilar simptomlarni engillashtirishi va virusli infektsiyaning davomiyligini qisqartirishi mumkin. Antiviral vositalar, shuningdek, gerpes va OIVni keltirib chiqaradigan viruslarni yuqtirish yoki tarqatish xavfini kamaytiradi..

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada sog‘liqni saqlash tizimining dolzarb masalalari, so‘nggi yillardagi islohotlar, mavjud muammolar va ularni hal etish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Shifokorlar yetishmovchiligi, tibbiy xizmatlar sifati, raqamlashtirish darajasi va sog‘liqni saqlash sohasidagi hududiy farqlar asosiy muammolar sifatida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy etish, shifokorlar malakasini oshirish va sog‘lom turmush tarzini targ‘ib qilish orqali tizimni yanada samarali qilish bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan. Bu maqola tibbiyot xodimlari, sog‘liqni saqlash siyosatini ishlab chiquvchilar va mutaxassislar uchun foydalidir.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqola WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) platformasida interaktiv o'yinlar va multimedia ilovalarini yaratish jarayonini yoritadi. Maqolada WPFning asosiy tushunchalari, jumladan bog'lovchilar va MVVM arxitekturasi haqida batafsil ma'lumot beriladi. Bog'lovchilar yordamida foydalanuvchi interfeysining dinamikligini oshirish va o'yinlar yoki multimedia ilovalaridagi ma'lumotlarni samarali boshqarish ko'rsatib beriladi. Amaliy misollar orqali o'qituvchilar va dasturchilar uchun WPFda interaktiv tajribalarni yaratishning yangi yo'llari ochiladi.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada Windows Formsda menyu va asboblar paneli yordamida iteraktiv va foydalanuvchi bilan samarali muloqat o’rnatiladigan dasturlarni yaratish metodlari ko’rib chiqiladi. Dasturlarni yaratishda foydalanuvchi interfeysining qulay va intuitiv bo’lishi juda muhim. Menyu va asboblar paneli dasturga navigatsiya qilishni osonlashtiradi, hamda foydalanuvchi tajribasini yaxshilashda muhim rol o’ynaydi. Maqolada Windows Forms dasturlarida menyu yaratish, asboblar panelini qo’shish va ularni foydalanuvchi ehtiyojlariga moslashtirish haqida batafsil tushuntirib beriladi. Shuningdek bu elementlar yordamida foydalanuvchi ishini osonlashtirish va tezlashtirish kabi muhim jihatlar o’rganiladi.

Annotasiya ushbu maqolada sabzavot ekinlaridan yangi karam turi Ramanesko karami haqida ma`lumotlar keltirilgan. Umbu karam noananaviy ekin turlaridan bo`lib, gulkaram bilab brokkoli chatishtirish natijasida yaratilgan. Maqolada yetishtirish agrotexnologiyasi va iltemol qilish bo`yicha ma`lumotlar keltirilgan.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada son komponentli frazeologik birliklarning paralingvistik xususiyatlari ko’rib chiqiladi, ularning tillararo aloqasi va madaniy qiymati yoritiladi. Madaniyatlararo muloqotda muhim ahamiyat kasb etuvchi  idiomalardagi raqamli komponentlar va ularning noverbal ifodasi yetarlicha o’rganilmaganligi tadqiqot muammosi hisoblanadi.  Globallashgan dunyoda nozik kommunikativ nuanslarni tushunishning ahamiyati ortib borayotganini hisobga olsak, ushbu mavzu bugungi kunda juda dolzarbdir.  Ushbu maqolaning ilmiy hissasi numerativli frazeologik birliklarning turlari, ularning paralingvistik xususiyatlarini aniqlashtirish hamda batafsil yoritib berishdan iborat.  Ushbu ishning amaliy hissa tarjimonlarga, til o’rganuvchilarga va madaniy vositachilarga tushunmovchiliklarning oldini olishda yordam berishi mumkin bo’lgan madaniyatlararo muloqotda idiomalarni yaxshiroq talqin qilish modelini ishlab chiqishdir.

Аннотация: В статье анализируется сущность технологий смешанного обучения, их роль в привлечении студентов в спортивные секции, а также вопросы эффективной организации этого процесса посредством дидактических механизмов. Технологии смешанного обучения являются важным фактором повышения мотивации к занятиям спортом и формирования здорового образа жизни. Исследование раскрывает способы повышения активности студентов путем интеграции современных цифровых технологий в деятельность спортивных клубов.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada aralash ta’lim texnologiyalarining mohiyati, uning sport to‘garaklariga talabalarni jalb etishdagi o‘rni, shuningdek, tаlаbаlаrni sport to‘garaklariga jalb etishning pedagogik asoslarini rivоjlаntirishni kеng tаrg‘ib еtish, insоn sаlоmаtligining еng muhim qаdriyаtlаridаn biri sifаtidа е’tirоf еtilаdi. Tadqiqotda sport to‘garaklari faoliyatiga zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarni integratsiyalash orqali talabalar ishtirokini faollashtirish yo‘llari ochib berilgan.

Annotatsiya:  Ushbu maqolada turk va o‘zbek tillarida frazeologiyaning o‘rni, ahamiyati, xususiyatlari hamda uni o‘qitish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Frazeologik birliklar til boyligini oshirish bilan birga, o‘quvchilarda obrazli fikrlashni shakllantirish, milliy-madaniy merosni o‘zlashtirish kabi muhim ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Mazkur maqolada frazeologik birliklarni o‘rgatish jarayonida samarali va innovatsion yondashuvlardan foydalanish zarurligi asoslanadi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada elektron paramagnit rezonans (EPR) texnologiyasining nazariy asoslari, fizik-kimyoviy xususiyatlari hamda uning biologiya va tibbiyot sohalarida qo‘llanilishi keng yoritilgan. EPR – bu juftlanmagan elektronlarga ega bo‘lgan moddalarni magnit maydon ta’sirida o‘rganishga imkon beradigan spektroskopik usul bo‘lib, oksidlanish-qaytarilish jarayonlari, erkin radikallar va metalloproteinlar kabi muhim biomolekulalarni aniqlashda qo‘llaniladi. Biologiyada EPR yordamida hujayra membranalari, fermentlar faoliyati va DNK strukturasidagi o‘zgarishlar tadqiq qilinadi. Tibbiyotda esa bu usul saraton kasalliklarini erta aniqlash, oksidlovchi stress darajasini baholash va dorilarning ta’sir mexanizmini o‘rganishda katta ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada, shuningdek, EPR texnologiyasining zamonaviy turlari, innovatsion apparatlar va eksperimental natijalar asosida tahlillar ham keltirilgan

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada tibbiy metrologiyaning nazariy asoslari, biologik va tibbiy tizimlarda fizik o‘lchashlarning o‘rni, shuningdek, bu o‘lchashlarning aniqligi va ishonchliligi muhokama qilinadi. Tibbiy diagnostika va davolashda qo‘llaniladigan asosiy fizik kattaliklar, zamonaviy o‘lchov vositalari va ularning metrologik nazorat mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada xalqaro va milliy metrologik standartlarning ahamiyati, hamda tibbiyotda texnik xavfsizlik va sifatni ta’minlashdagi roli yoritilgan. Tibbiy metrologiyaning istiqbollari sun’iy intellekt va raqamli texnologiyalar kontekstida baholangan.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu ishda odamning mexanik ishi va ergometriya tushunchalari, ularning fizikaviy va tibbiy jihatlari batafsil ko‘rib chiqiladi. Mexanik ish — inson tanasining jismoniy faoliyati davomida bajaradigan energiya sarfi natijasida yuzaga keladigan harakat va ish. Ergometriya esa organizmning jismoniy yuklamalarga qanday javob berishini o‘lchash va baholash usuli bo‘lib, yurak-qon tomir tizimi va nafas olish faoliyatini tibbiy diagnostika va reabilitatsiyada aniqlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Mazkur mavzu sport tibbiyoti, reabilitatsiya, shuningdek sog‘lom hayot tarzini ta’minlash uchun katta ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur ilmiy ishda issiqlik nurlanishi manbalarining davolashdagi o‘rni va ularning fiziologik ta’sir mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Tabiiy (quyosh nuri, issiq buloqlar) hamda sun’iy (infraqizil lampalar, radiant isitgichlar, mikroto‘lqinli va ultrachuqur to‘lqinli terapiya) issiqlik manbalarining terapevtik imkoniyatlari, ulardan foydalanish usullari va qo‘llanilishiga doir tibbiy ko‘rsatmalar keng yoritilgan. Shuningdek, har bir issiqlik manbasining afzalliklari, cheklovlari va klinik amaliyotdagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalari issiqlik bilan davolash usullarining kasalliklarni kompleks davolash va reabilitatsiya jarayonlarida ahamiyatini ochib beradi.

Annotatsiya: Bugungi kunda raqamli transformatsiya barcha sohalarda tub burilishlarni yuzaga keltirmoqda. Bu jarayon nafaqat iqtisodiyot va texnologiyalarni o‘zgartiribgina qolmay, balki ijtimoiy hayot, madaniyat, ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash va boshqa ko‘plab sohalarga ham chuqur ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Raqamli texnologiyalar hayotimizning ajralmas qismiga aylanganligi sababli, fan va jamiyat rivojlanishining dolzarb jihatlarini chuqur tahlil qilish zarurati tug‘iladi. Ushbu maqolada raqamli transformatsiya davrida fan va jamiyat rivojlanishining asosiy jihatlari, ularning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi va kelajakdagi istiqbollari ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada islom ilmi va hadis ilmining yirik namoyandalaridan biri bo‘lgan Imom Doraqutniy (rahmatullohi alayh)ning ilmiy merosi yoritiladi. U IX–X asrlarda yashab o‘tgan va hadis ilmining taraqqiyotiga beqiyos hissa qo‘shgan olim sifatida tanilgan. Asarda u kishining hadislarni to‘plash, ularni tahlil qilish va sanadlarni baholashdagi metodologiyasi, ilmiy tanqidga bo‘lgan yondashuvi, shuningdek, fiqh, aqida va boshqa islomiy fanlardagi hissasi tahlil qilinadi. Imom Doraqutniyning eng mashhur asari — "Sunan ad-Doraqutniy" nomli hadis to‘plami ilmiy asosda baholanib, uning boshqa muhaddislar bilan ilmiy munosabatlari va farqlari o‘rganiladi. Ushbu annotatsiya ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlariga, diniy ta’lim sohasiga qiziquvchi tadqiqotchilar va talabalar uchun foydali manba bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Annotatsiya: Maktabgacha ta’lim tizimida pedagog kadrlar tayyorlash va ularning malakasini oshirish muammolari zamonaviy ta’lim tizimining eng dolzarb masalalaridan biridir. Ushbu soha bolalarning dastlabki ta’limini tashkil etishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi, chunki maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar ta’lim jarayonining sifatli tashkil etilishi ularning keyingi ta’lim bosqichlaridagi muvaffaqiyatlariga bevosita ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Shu sababli, pedagog kadrlarning malakasi va ularning tayyorlanish jarayoni maktabgacha ta’lim sifatini belgilovchi asosiy omillardan hisoblanadi.

Annotatsiya: Maqolada o‘qituvchining hissiy kompetentsiyasini uning kasbiy kommunikativ kompetentsiyasining muhim tarkibiy qismi sifatida rivojlantirish muammosi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot maqsadi maktab o‘qituvchilarida hissiy kompetentsiyaning rivojlanish darajasini baholash va uni rivojlantirish uchun maqbul sharoitlarni aniqlashdir.

Annotation: Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy with celecoxib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Material and methods: The patients under observation were divided into two groups. 25 patients in the first group were prescribed 10 mg of methotrexate as basic anti-inflammatory therapy per week, while 25 patients in the second group were prescribed celecoxib at a dose of 200 mg twice a day in combination with 10 mg of methotrexate per week for basic anti-inflammatory therapy.

Results: In the second group of patients treated with celecoxib, a significant decrease in the number of inflamed and painful joints, ESR, C-reactive protein, VAS, DAS-28 scales, and HAQ index was observed compared to the first group.

Conclusion: It has been established that combined therapy with the drug celecoxib can reduce disease activity more effectively in RA patients compared to monotherapy with methotrexate.

Abstract: In order to timely identify individuals infected with brucellosis, in accordance with the current directive of the Ministry of Health, individuals being employed as well as designated high-risk contingents must undergo mandatory annual prophylactic dispensary screening. This article outlines the general characteristics of brucellosis, including its etiology, epidemiology, methods of diagnosis and treatment, and strategies for improving prevention and epidemic control measures. The article also analyzes the main directions for reducing the spread of infectious diseases, based on global experience and modern approaches.

Abstract. Climate warming and inappropriate use of water resources can cause a drinking water crisis. This can not only endanger the lives of millions, but also cause dangerous socio-economic consequences.

Annotatsiya: Boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilariga ot so‘z turkumini, og‘zaki va yozma nutqda ulardan to‘g‘ri foydalanishni o‘rgatish. O‘quvchilarning so‘z boyligini oshirish, to‘g‘ri fikrlash, o‘z fikrini bildira olish qobiliyatini rivojlantirishda bevosita xizmat qiladi. Ushbu maqola ot so‘z turkumini boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilariga o‘rgatish metodikasi yoritilgan.

Annotatsiya:  Ushbu maqolada inson organizmi rivojlanishida  maxsus jismoniy tayyorgarlik axamiyati va samarali vositalardan unumli foydalanish toʼgʼrisida soʼz yuritiladi. MJT o‘yin usullari texnikasini egallab olishga, taktik harakatlar samaradorligini oshirishga, sport formasini egallashga, shuningdek, psixik tayyorgarlikning takomillashtirishga yordam beradi.

Abstract: Effective second language learning in classrooms requires a balanced approach that integrates both meaning and form. This paper explores key influential proposals for effective second language instruction in classroom environments and discusses the theoretical background of each approach, practical classroom implications, and how they contribute to the overall process of second language acquisition (SLA). Drawing from research in second language acquisition (SLA), the article emphasizes the importance of integrating meaning-focused and form-focused strategies and it also addresses the challenges teachers face in adopting flexible, research-based instructional practices and offers recommendations for balancing these methods to support language development across proficiency levels.

This paper is devoted to the study of the architectural structure of mosques — Islamic religious buildings that are not only a place of prayer, but also an important cultural and social center of the Muslim community. The abstract examines the main elements of a traditional mosque, including a minaret, dome, mihrab, minbar, and courtyard. The features of the layout, the symbolic meaning of architectural components, and the influence of geographical location and historical period on the formation of architectural style are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the differences between mosques in different regions of the Islamic world, such as the Middle East, North Africa, Turkey, and Southeast Asia. The work allows for a deeper understanding of both the religious and cultural significance of mosque architecture.