Мустақиллик йилларида Ўзбекистоннинг жанубидаги қадимги тарих ва моддий маданиятни ўрганиш борасида самарали ишлар амалга оширилмоқда. Хусусан, қадимги Суғддаги археологик тадқиқотларнинг салмоғи ҳам анча юқори. Бизга маълумки, Суғд тарихига оид ёзма маълумотлар “Авесто”да Суғд-Суғуда этнонимининг пайдо бўлиши билан бошланиб, эллинизм, илк ўрта асрларда янада кўпроқ келтирилади. Бу ҳолатни даврий жиҳатдан уч даврга: 1) “Авесто” ва Суғднинг Аҳамонийлар давлати таркибига кирган давр; 2) Эллинизм даври; 3) Ўрта асрлар даври.
Ўрта Осиё хонликлари ва Усмонийлар давлатии ўртасидаги сиёсий, иқтисодий ва маданий алоқалар тарихига оид маълумотлар бир қатор мемуар характерга эга асарлар-эсдаликлар, саёҳатномалар, илмий тадқиқотлар орқали бизгача етиб келган. Шулардан бири Сейди Али Раиснинг “Миръотул мамолик” (Мамлакатлар кўзгуси) ва Меҳмед Амин Афандининг “Истанбулдан Ўрта Осиёга саёҳат” асарларидир. Мазкур асарларда муаллифлар Буюк Ипак йўлида катта аҳмиятга эга бўлган Самарқанд, Хива шаҳарлари ҳақида қимматли маълумотларни бериб ўтади.
The article notes that it is necessary to study Islam and its jurisprudence, which is its main part, islamic jurisprudence in accordance with the requirements of the time, as well as master it and apply it in practice. In the article author focused on the historical significance of Islam in Central Asia, emphasizing the emergence of Islamic jurisprudence and its sources from a historical and chronological point of view. The importance of jurisprudence among Islamic sciences is emphasized by the author in the legal verses of the Koran, which is the sacred source of Islam. In particular, sacred verses about human rights and duties are legally compared.
Тошкент воҳасида олиб борилган археологик тадқиқотлар натижалари бу қадимий ўлканинг қадим тарихи ва маданиятини ёритишга имкон берувчи кўплаб моддий маълумотларни тақдим этди.
Scientific study of Central Asia has its deep roots in Russian science. The ramified system of oriental scientific and educational institutions, the richest collections of oriental manuscripts, books, objects of material culture served as a sufficiently representative source base for the research of oriental scholars. The deep and disinterested interest of scientists in the achievements of Eastern civilizations played a certain role in acquainting the peoples of other countries with the culture and history of Central Asia. One of such representatives of Russian oriental studies, who, with his works and social and scientific activities, made a certain contribution to the development of science and culture of the peoples of Central Asia, in particular, to the history of the study of Uzbekistan, was Petr Ivanovich Lerkh. The range of scientific interests of Petr Ivanovich was extensive. He could study the languages, dialects and dialects of various peoples; he could be carried away by prehistoric archeology, as a result of which a number of interesting articles appeared in this direction; the result of his enthusiasm for oriental numismatics was the release of his corresponding scientific work. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that the geography of his scientific research, whatever direction they were, was also extensive: from remote provinces of Russia to the newly annexed neighboring outskirts. This is evidenced by archival materials where the works of P.I. Lerkh on archeology, linguistics, numismatics, ethnography, etc. He also did not reject the study of the works of foreign scientists concerning history, ethnography, oriental studies, in particular. The trip made by P.I. Lerkh in Khiva and Bukhara expanded the scope of the scientist's scientific activity. Since then, Central Asian countries and peoples, eastern numismatics, as well as primitive antiquities began to enter the circle of his scholarly research. During the trip 1858-1859 the scientist acquired over 30 oriental manuscripts for the Asian Museum. The versatility of scientific interests and abilities of a scientist can also be judged by his scientific reports in scientific communities. The article uses a wide range of sources of archival scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in particular, materials from the personal fund of P.I. Lerkh from the scientific archive of the Institute of Oriental Languages in St. Petersburg.
XVI-XVII века были переломными в экономической и социально-политической жизни народов Средней Азии. Этот период имеет важное значение не только с исторической, но и современной точки зрения, связанной с историей создания самостоятельного узбекского государства. В статье отмечается, что объективное освещение богатого наследия мыслителей Средней Азии эпохи позднего средневековья имеет большое научное и практическое значение.
Начало археологическим исследованиям в Ташкентском оазисе было положено еще во второй половине XIX в. российскими востоковедами, краеведами, археологами любителями, чиновниками и коллекционерами после завоевания Средней Азии Российской империей и образования Туркестанского генерал-губернаторства в 1867 г. На первых этапах изучение истории Ташкента носило эпизодический характер. Информация накапливалась буквально по крупицам: случайные находки при каких-либо земляных работах, отрывочные упоминания в письменных источниках, мимолетные наблюдения исследователей и др.
В конце I тысячелетия до н. э. в предгорьях и горных долинах Ферганского региона растет число погребальных памятников с подбойнокатакомбными захоронениями, которые одни авторы связывают с проникновением сюда других племен извне, другие - считают их памятниками местного происхождения. Наибольшее количество могильников в Ферганской долине концентрируется в поймах рек, озер, в местах с удобными подходами к воде, с обильными камышовыми и тугайными зарослями. Отмечены различные типы погребальных сооружений, локализуемых в разных районах. Так, на севере долины распространены земляные насыпи и погребения в катакомбах, на востоке преобладают погребения в виде подбоев, на юге — могилы в виде грунтовых ям.
The article is dedicated to study the work of the great scholar Mirza Bedil, which consists of 66 nukat. The author’s convictions had big positive influence to the social-philosophical view of Central Asian nations. Some wisdoms of the author shows, the particular value of his philosophical view.
It is explained that this was one of the cradles of the Movarounnahr world civilization with the foundation of the third Renaissance, which served as a bridge connecting East and West, South and North, economic relations, trade, science and art, science and values.
The Silk Road spanned the birthplaces of Egyptian, Babylonian, Indian and Chinese civilisations, and the settlements of people of different nationalities and colours. By seeking common ground while preserving differences, being open and tolerant, different civilisations painted together a magnificent chapter of human civilisation's prosperity. The ancient Silk Road has become a model of civilizational exchange, mutual appreciation and coexistence in human history, and is of great historical value
Terrakotalar tahlili keng qamrovli boʼlib, ularni arxeologik nuqtai nazardan tavsiflash, bu boradagi yangi yondashuvlarni tahlil qilish masalalari mavzuning ahamiyatli ekanligidan dalolat beradi.
Ma’lumki, O`rta Osiyoda yashagan qadimgi aholi folklori, xususan, sak-massaget eposi namunalarining qadimgi yunon manbalaridan, xususan, Gerodotning “Tarix” asaridan o`rin olgan. Gerodot skiflar diyori bo`ylab qilgan sayohatlari chog`ida o`zining mahalliy aholining boy og`zaki ijodi, ayniqsa, qahramonlik va jasoratni tasvirlovchi epik asarlari bilan tanishgan. SHuning uchun ham u uz “Tarix”ida skif qabilalari hayoti bilan bog`liq u yoki bu rivoyatni keltirishdan avval so`zni “aytishlaricha”, “menga aytib berishlaricha”, “hikoya qilishlaricha” kabi birikmalar bilan boshlaydi. Bu esa Gerodot asarida keltirilgan skif folklori namunalari bevosita og`zaki an’anaga borib taqalishidan darak beradi. Gerodotning “Tarix” asarida keltirilgan “skif hikoyalari”ning negizi folklorga borib bog`lanishini D.S.Raevskiy va L.A.Lelekovlar ham qayd etishgan.