The article is devoted to the structural-semantic classification of stylistic means of repetition in different language levels. Language is a mirror of culture, on the basis of which not only the real world around a person, not only the real living conditions of a person, but also the social consciousness of an entire nation, its mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, custom, psyche, value system, worldview, worldview. Language is a tool of culture, a weapon. It forms the worldview, mentality, communication with people, that is, through the culture of the nation, as well as through this language, which is used as a unit of communication, through a direct connection between the speaker and the language. As a form of human activity, language is an integral part of culture and is defined as the overall result of human activity in such aspects of human life as production, social and spiritual. But as a form of the mental world and, most importantly, as a unit of communication, language stands side by side with culture. Through the language itself, knowledge gained from individuals becomes a community experience that allows people of the same people and of the same culture to understand each other despite different experiences and diversity of knowledge. The man has long expressed his attitude to the events taking place in the environment. This attitude was realized, first of all, through various actions, voices, passions. Then emotions were expressed in words, phrases, dances. And then people come up with fictional stories explaining the origin of the world, nature, animals, plants, mountains, water. Guys, girls weave love songs. Myths and legends arise about the brave and courageous young men of the tribe, about their extraordinary heroism. All of this is still gaining popularity among the population who lived in communities before the advent of written culture. Today we are accustomed to calling them “folk oral creations”. The harmony of language, culture and folklore has always attracted the attention of researchers.
Linguocultural studies, a new branch of modern linguistics, studies a language not only as a means of knowing, but also as the cultural code of a nation. The idea that scientists which is seeing the world differently through the prism of the mother tongue is attracting a lot of new research among researchers. In linguistics, when cultural information is studied through language that carry information, such language units are grouped under the term linguocultural units. For example, realia, concept, lacunas, stereotypes, speech labels are all linguocultural units. The main tasks of linguocultural studies are to describe the linguistic picture of the world, the conceptosphere, which is a set of basic concepts of culture, the linguistic consciousness and linguistic units that reflect the national-cultural mentality of language owners, national socio-cultural stereotypes specific to speech. An analysis from the point of view of linguocultural studies in the study of cultural transfer in the translated text helps to study the language of the people's thinking in the study, its specific aspects of perception of the world. When a work of art is translated, the ideas in it, the factors that reflect the worldview of the nation, are also receptive to the text of the translation. Just as each language reflects the culture of that nation, so while the translated reader reads the work in his own language, some phrases encourage the reader to understand and imagine the work in terms of their own culture. That is, a single text can be understood and interpreted differently from the point of view of different peoples, nations. Because factors such as the nature, culture, customs, and religion in which a person lives influence his world of thoughts, concepts, and imaginations. The use of culturally colored words that are not found in the original text in the translated text is a factor in the fact that the translated text is a cultural transfer. While this may be the method the translator consciously uses to convey the idea of the sentence in the original text, it may also be the method chosen to ensure that the translated work is understandable to the reader. In either case, the most important factor in both methods is culture, which reflects the transfer of culture in the translated text.
Мақолада ёшларда умуммаданий дунёқарашини шакллантириш ҳақида тушунча берилган. Маданият тушунчаси ёритиб берилган. Маданиятнинг таркибий қисмлари таърифлари келтирилган.
This article provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of aspects of speech culture, modern speech culture, which are always in the focus of the linguists. It is impossible to imagine the unity of the people living in a developed country without three important concepts: homeland, language and culture. World linguistics has shown that the study of language should be studied not as a closed system, but as a system in motion that is, in relation to such areas as society, thought, culture, politics, ideology, religion and etc. The connection of the science of language with various fields opens up a wide range of possibilities in the discovery of its new features, since the doctrine of speech culture is developed in connection with the creation of views on literary and non-literary forms of language, static and dynamic state and its functional types. The modern concept in speech culture - normative, communicative, moral principle and rhetorical canon are the main features of cultural speech, all of which play a very important role development. In order to present speech in a cultural way, it is necessary to develop the skills of choosing and using the necessary language tools, to form a conscious attitude towards them and to follow the established norms.
Бугунги кунда мамлакатимизнинг барча соҳаларида, хусусан илм-фан, маданият, таълим соҳасидаги ислоҳотлар, кенг кўламли демократик ўзгаришлар орқали янгиланаётган Узбекистан, ўз олдига Учинчи Ренессанс - ижтимоий-иқтисодий, маънавий-маданий юксалиш пойдеворини яратишни мақсад қилиб қўйди. Узбекистон Республикаси Президента Ш.М. Мирзиёев Уқитувчи ва мураббийлар кунига бағишланган тантанали маросимдаги нутқида Учинчи Ренессанснинг мазмун-моҳиятига эътибор қаратиб: “Тарихга назар солсак, Буюк ипак йўлининг чорраҳасида жойлашган она заминимиз азалдан юксак цивилизация ва маданият ўчоқларидан бири бўлганини кўрамиз. Халқимизнинг бой илмий-маданий мероси, тошга муҳрланган қадимий ёзувлар, бебаҳо меъморий обидалар, нодир қўлёзмалар, турли осори атиқалар давлатчилик тарихимизнинг уч минг йиллик теран илдизларидан далолат беради” [1], - деб таъкидлади. Шунингдек бой маънавий меросимизни тадқиқ этиш методологииясини ишлаб чиқиш ҳамда унинг мазмун моҳиятини халқимизга, айниқса ёшларга тушунарли тилда етказиб бериш масалаларига алоҳида эътибор қаратди.
Covid-2019 пандсмияси пайтида дунёнинг куплаб машхур музсйларига уйдан чикмасдан ташриф буюриш имконияти яратилди. Музейларга онлайн сасхатлар имконияти Париждаги Лувр, Амстсрдамдаги Ван Гог, Лондондаги Британия музейи, Ватикандаги Секстин капелласи каби музейлар томонидан хам таклиф килинди. Эндиликда маданият муассасалари аста-секин пандсмиядан олдинги одатий иш таквимига кайтган булсада, бирок янги хавфсизлик коидалари туфайли улар куп сонли ташриф буюрувчиларни кабул кила олмайди. Факат онлайн платформаси мавжуд булган музейлар бундай муаммога дуч келмайди. Онлайн-лойихалар туфайли маданият сохасига кизикувчи барча одамлар яшаш жойи ва молиявий имкониятидан катъи назар, тарих ва моддий маданият ютуклари билан танишиш имкониятига эга булмокдалар.
The role and place of public diplomacy in international relations, peace and stability, and the strengthening of mutual relations among nations are constantly increasing in the context of globalization. People's diplomacy plays an important role in shaping friendly relations between Uzbekistan and the international community with political, diplomatic and economic ties. In the development of public diplomacy, scientists, science and culture representatives, educational institutions, public and religious organizations, as well as public associations founded by fellow citizens, play a key role in the development of public diplomacy. The article aims to provide a systematic illustration of the history of cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with Germany within the framework of public diplomacy. It follows from the following tasks: The Role of Public Diplomacy in Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan; Opening of the main directions of the German cooperation in the field of public diplomacy; The role of societies in the cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with public diplomacy with Germany. The research has been used in the analysis, synthesis, history, logic research ways. The external mining partnership, formed in connection with public diplomacy, has given its results in the short run. In 1992, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan received 36 representatives from 9 countries (England, Germany, Israel, India, Malaysia, Turkey, USA, France and JAR). In 1993, about 160 countries recognized the independence of Uzbekistan and established diplomatic relations with 60 countries. In 1993, The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov visited Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Japan and India. As a result of the visit, an agreement on cultural cooperation was signed with India, Turkey, Germany, France, Great Britain and China. The development of public diplomacy has played a significant role in the Uzbek Culture Days in Germany and the German Cultural Days in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the role of art and theater days in the countries in the development of cooperation between two countries in the sphere of culture was particularly significant. The role of friendship societies and cultural centers in the development of bilateral relations between two states in Eurasia – Germany and Uzbekistan is immense. The role of "Uzbekistan-Germany" Friendship Society and "Germany-Uzbekistan" societies, which unite representatives of two nations in the development of cooperation within the framework of people diplomacy are unique.
The article describes the transfer of cultural signs in the original text’s translation, reflection of national culture in literature, as well as features associated with the novel "Soul" by Japanese writer Natsume Soseki which was translated into Uzbek language.
Raising legal awareness and legal culture in society is of great importance in strengthening legislation, building respect for the law, human rights and freedoms in every person, as well as creating an environment of intolerance for violations. This article examines in detail the role of legal awareness, legal culture and legal education in the activities of employees of the National Guard.
This article considers some specific peculiarities of verbal communication in Eastern and Western cultures. There are also illuminated social-cultural situation, varied aspects of communication rules and civility norms in communication between representatives of the different cultures.
Culture is integral, regarding its meaning in the world of value orientations of the human-being. The Korean literature as any other one is seen as the organic part of culture of the Korean people, the reflection of its people and development. The gist-based prose is different from the European, due to the fact that it emerged on the basis of culture, which did not have the epic tradition. Due to this matter, the main source is the being itself, which substitutes the epos – the historical compilations and collection of livings of the literature «Pkhesol» . The analysis of the history of the middle-aged literature of XVII – XVIII centuries allows to say that its development was supported with the high-quality based ideas and concepts, and also the reality and its production, regarding the perfection of the arts forms, the formation of new genres and the process of sophistication of the gist based lines. The Korean literature of this period is divided into the following items: 1. the high prose and the poetry, based on hanmun, 2. the prose of small forms «pkhesol» on hanmun.3. the literature on the Korean, native language, which was divided into three ranges: upper poetry, middle-average (its own high prose) (diaries and novels) and low prose (the Korean novels). In the XVII century the Korean literature started to get the new concepts, it occurs the transformation of the social role, there are continued the search and creation of new forms, and also the birth of new and transformed old genres. «Pkhesol» of emergence of the prosaic genre «sosol». In the literary Korean thought, which was lack of the genre-based qualification, the term «sosol» united the prosaic works such as the novel, novelette and a tale. The Russian scientists also do not possess with the unique explanation of the term «sosol». Meanwhile, the term «sosol» is seen as the continuation of the genre «pkhesol», which allowed the emergence of new literary opportunities of genre, enriching this very trend, and creating a more unique genre, the high-quality based unique genre of the middle-aged Korean novel, which is seen as the classical novel. The middle-aged novelty is related with the oral people’s creative work, its compositions are related with the rules of the fairy tales, the actions always have 2 (two) polar poles-the suffering of the hero and the lucky end. Such gist-based peculiarity is seen by the imagination of the Korean people about the change of chaos to the harmony. The end of XVII century is characterized as the epoch of birth of the Korean novel (the founder is Kim Mandjun), («The wanderings of Ms. Sa throughout the South» and «The cloudy dream of nine») characterizes an emergence of new genre –«the diary» of the geographic and historical character («The diary of the military adventures» of Li Sunsin, «The diary of adventures to Japan» of Khwan Chin, «The scriptures of adventures to the mount Pektusan» of Pak Chon and others).
Музыка играет важную роль в развитии нашей национальной культуры, таинственная сила музыки, которая влияет на нашу национальную идентичность, музыка, которая может смягчить человеческое сердце, показать в нем веру чувство любви и сострадания, музыкальное воспитание методика совершенствования в образовательных учреждениях, музыковедение физиология, психология опираясь на обобщенный опыт своих дисциплин, методика музыкального воспитания особенно изысканность такие вопросы, как охота на ведьм с музыковедческими дисциплинами освещенный.
Для модернизированной науки проблема формирования физической активности подрастающего поколения является особо значимой и неизменно находится в центре внимания общества и государства. Именно физической активность является одним из важнейших качеств личности, которое формируется в деятельности, отличающейся общественно- значимыми мотивами и дающей общественно ценный результат. Современное общество от мала до велика подвержено гиподинамии. Еще недавно медики констатировали, что широкое приобретение автомобилей ведет к малоподвижному образу жизни, но сегодня, угрозой являются мобильные телефоны, планшеты и другие гаджеты, которые заменяют и взрослым, и детям и общение, и активные игры.
The article describes such concepts as culture in the system of globalization, public and cultural diplomacy, as well as some aspects of their implementation in the digital age, including the impact of cultural diplomacy carried out using digital technologies and being one of the elements of public diplomacy on international relations. The link between the decision of the elites and what measures were taken in the future is mentioned separately. It is also noted about the phenomenon of glocalization, that is, cultural character-istics and national values that are subject to modification in the context of globalization.
Diaspora literature is one of the topical issues of contemporary literary studies and it shows the necessity for analyzing in terms of special characteristics. The works by the writers who contribute into diaspora literature are analyzed and the general features of this tendency are pointed by the researcher. Languages and cultures collision, biographic method application, time and space correlation are the major features of diaspora literature. In scholarly publications the terms “diaspora” and “expatriate” are used synonymously, but this research suggests that they have distinctive features based on the examples. The artistic peculiarities of the woks by Afghan born American writer Khaled Hosseini can be seen obviously if his novels are analyzed and interpreted in line with the major features of Diaspora literature investigated by the researcher. The object of this research is the novels “The Kite Runner”, “A Thousand Splendid Suns”, “And the Mountains Echoed” by Hosseini and they are analyzed focusing on the three major characteristics of Diaspora literature. Considering the language as a main factor of this trend and being different from other researches Afghan Diaspora writers are divided into two categories: writers who write their works in English and writers who write their works in Persian. Concerning the major characteristics found in this research it is obvious that Hosseini globally depicts the problems of his nation and country, moreover tries to prove the fact that Afghan people also want to have peace and wealth the same as other human beings. Moreover, the writer uses Arabian, Persian and Turkic words in his English texts to depict Orientalism in his works.
This article deals with the analyse role of Japan in modern international relations. In the conditions of globalization each state within its interests relies on having resources and in accordance with it in the frame of the article is focused on the peculiarities of foreign policy of Japan where appears unique civilizational , cultural, technological, basis of modern Japanese society. The special attention pays on specific forming of “smart powers” equally with “hard power”. “Joseph Nye means“ hard power ”means aggregate political, economic and military power, “soft power” is mainly characterized by culture, values and political ideology, and “smart power” is an effective combination of “hard power” and “soft power” as the most applicable and adequate, from the point of view of modern conditions, mechanism for ensuring national security and the implementation of foreign policy tasks”. According to J. Nye, there are “three possible ways of influencing other actors: 1) coercion and bribery, constituting “hard power”, and 2) using your attractiveness, that is,“soft power”. The development of these concepts has become the so-called 3) “smart power” - an approach that uses a combination of “hard” and “soft” power”. The famous Japanese scientist D.T. Suzuki points out that Zen teaching is one of the components of the phenomena of Japanese culture. He notes that “Zen not only directly affected the religious life of the Japanese, but also influenced their culture as a whole”. This can be seen by observing the development of Japanese culture. Exploring the meanings of “soft power” in the policy of the government of Japan, it should be noted that, unlike other states, it primarily relies on the unique characteristics of Japanese culture and values. To develop its conceptual framework in 2004, an Advisory Council for the Promotion of Cultural Diplomacy was created, led by professor at Hosei University Tamotsu Aoki, one of the tasks of which was to improve the image of Japan in the world . Given the current features of global development, the created Advisory Council turned its attention "to the promotion of popular culture as a starting point for understanding Japan." Cultural products such as manga (comics) and anime (animated films) carry aesthetic feelings and traditional artistry.
Мазкур мақолада ёш авлодни маънавий-маърифий тафаккурини шакллантиришда мусиқа санъатининг ўрни, мусиқа маданияти дарсларида, синф ва мактабдан ташқари турли мусиқавий тадбир ва машғулотлар жараёнида амалга оширилиши илмий тарзда ёритиб берилган.