BUXORODAGI SAROYLAR

ISSN:

2181-3906

2024

International scientifijournal

«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»

VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ

522

BUXORODAGI SAROYLAR

Toshpo’latova Shaxnoza Shuhratovna

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti

“Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi Tarix fani o’qituvchisi

toshpulatovashaxnozashuhratovna@oxu.uz

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11206999

Annotatsiya.

Ushbu maqolada Buxoro amirlarining saroylari, ularning joylashgan o’rni.

Dastlab Kogondagi saroy Buxoro shahrining ichkarisida qurilishi koʼzda tutilgani, ammo
Buxoroning koʼzga koʼringan diniy ulamolari bunga qatʼiy qarshilik koʼrsatishgani haqida,
buning sababi, diniy ulamolar gʼayridinlarning Buxoroga kirishlariga moneʼlik qilishadi.
Shundan soʼng saroy Buxorodan 12 km sharqiy qismdagi “Yangi Buxoro”, keyinchalik Kogon deb
atala boshlangan shaharchada qurilishi toʼgʼrisidagi yagona toʼxtamga kelishganligi haqida
ma’lumotlar bayon etilgan.

Kalit so’zlar:

Amir, Kogon saroyi, Mavritaniya uslubida barokko1, ampir va arab usullari,

Benua.

PALACES IN BUKHARA

Abstract.

In this article, the palaces of Bukhara emirs, their location. It is said that initially

the palace in Kogon was planned to be built inside the city of Bukhara, but prominent religious
scholars of Bukhara strongly opposed it, because religious scholars prevent outsiders from
entering Bukhara. After that, it was reported that they reached a single stop on the construction
of the palace in the town of "New Bukhara", which was later called Kogon, 12 km east of Bukhara.

Key words:

Amir, Kogon Palace, Moorish Baroque1, Empire and Arabic methods, Benoit.

ДВОРЦЫ В БУХАРЕ

Аннотация.

В данной статье дворцы бухарских эмиров, их расположение. Говорят,

что изначально дворец в Когоне планировалось построить внутри города Бухары, однако
видные богословы Бухары категорически против этого выступили, поскольку богословы не
допускают в Бухару посторонних. После этого сообщалось, что они доехали до единой
остановки на строительстве дворца в городе «Новая Бухара», который впоследствии
стал называться Когоном, в 12 км к востоку от Бухары.

Ключевые слова:

Амир, Когонский дворец, мавританское барокко1, ампир и

арабские методы, Бенуа.

Buxoro amirining Kogondagi saroyi haqida. Buxoro amirining Kogondagi saroyi XX asr

boshlarida Turkistonga rossiyalik imperatorning tashrifi munosabati bilan Sayid Abd-ad-Axad
buyrug‘iga asosan, rus va buxorolik ustalar tomonidan tomonidan qurilgan.

1888-yil 26-fevralda birinchi poyezd Buxoro hududiga kirib keldi.Temir yoʼlning kirib

kelishi, avvalo, kiborlar toifasi uchun katta xursandchiliklarga sabab boʼldi. Buxoro amiri Sayyid
Bahodir Аbdulahadxon 1885-1910-yillar mobaynida Peterburg, Moskva va Qrim shaharlariga oʼz
oilasi, amaldorlari bilan koʼp bor sayr-sayohat qildi. Аmir Yalta, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk,
Jeleznovodsk kabi kurort shaharlardagi eng bahavo, maʼdanli suvlarga boy boʼlgan yerlardan joy
olib, qarorgohlarini tiklay boshladi. Shu jumladan 1894-yilda Аmir Аbdulahadxon oʼz hududida
ham, chetdan keladigan mehmonlarni munosib tarzda kutib olish maqsadida qarorgoh qurdirishga

ISSN:

2181-3906

2024

International scientifijournal

«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»

VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ

523

ahd qiladi. Oʼz qarorgohini qurdirish gʼoyasi amir Аbdulahadxonga 1892-yil yaqin kishilari bilan
Rusiya shaharlari boʼylab navbatdagi sayohatga chiqqan kezlarida tinchlik bermaydi. Kavkaz,
Peterburg, Moskva, Kiyev, Yalta, Bogʼchasaroy, Tbilis shaharlarida boʼlib, u yerdagi rus
aslzodalari hashamatli hayoti bilan tanishgan amir barcha qulayliklarga ega boʼlgan milliy va
yevropacha uslubidagi muxtasham bino barpo etishlariga farmon beradi.

Dastlab saroy Buxoro shahrining ichkarisida qurilishi koʼzda tutiladi, ammo Buxoroning

koʼzga koʼringan diniy ulamolari bunga qatʼiy qarshilik koʼrsatishadi. Sababi, diniy ulamolar
gʼayridinlarning Buxoroga kirishlariga moneʼlik qilishadi. Shundan soʼng saroy Buxorodan 12 km
sharqiy qismdagi “Yangi Buxoro”, keyinchalik Kogon deb atala boshlangan shaharchada qurilishi
toʼgʼrisidagi yagona toʼxtamga kelishadi. Saroy qurilishini Аmir Аbdulahadxon oʼz davrining
mohir meʼmori Leontiy Nikolaevich Benuaga ishonib topshiradi. Oradan qariyb 2 yil vaqt oʼtgach
Benua saroy loyihasini ishlab chiqib amir Аbdulahadxonga koʼrsatadi. Loyihada mehmonlarni
kutib olish uchun kerak boʼladigan barcha qulayliklar koʼzda tutilgan edi: mexmonxonalar,
tamaddixona, dam olish xonalari, yotoqxonalar, vannaxona, hashamatli kutish zallari, 2-qavatda
hordiq chiqarish uchun maxsus ayvonlar Benuaning loyihasida har tomonlama puxta oʼylangan
edi. Turgan gapki, loyiha amirga maʼqul boʼladi va saroy qurilishi boshlab yuboriladi.

Sitorai Mohi Xossa Buxoro amiri saroyi. Saroy qurilishi 1895-yilda boshlanadi va u

Mavritaniya uslubida barokko1, ampir va arab usullari uygʼunlashgan holda buxorolik va
russiyalik mohir ustalar ishtirokida barpo qilinadi. Saroy bezaklarida asosan ganch ishlatilgan
boʼlib, har bir xona oʼziga xos tarzda, yuqori mahorat bilan bezatilgan. Bino ichki va tashqi qismi
bir xil, juda xam murakkab joylashuv va tuzilishga ega boʼlib, qurilish ishlarida mohir muhandis
Dubrovin boshchilik qilgan. Behisob ustunlaru, katta gumbazlar va minoralar saroyni yanada
ulugʼvor hamda mahobatli qilib koʼrsatadi.

Saroy xonalarini ganchdan ishlangan Golland uslubida qurilgan pechlar yordamida

isitishgan. Pechlar yagona sxemada ishlagan, yaʼni xona devorlari oraligʼi “Barokko”
italyanchadan “gʼalati”, “ortiqchalikka moyil” (nuqsonli marvarid) degan maʼnolarni anglatib,
markazi Italiya boʼlgan XVII-XVIII asr Yevropa madaniyati xususiyati hisoblanadi. Barokko
uslubi XVI asr oxiri XVII asr boshlarida soʼnggi yangilanish davrida Italiyaning Rim, Mantuya
Venetsiya, Florentsiya shaharlarida paydo boʼlgan. Barokko davri “gʼarb sivilizatsiyasining”
yuqori choʼqqisi sanalgan.

Аmpir — imperiya usuli — arxitektura va amaliy sanʼatdagi soʼnggi yuqori klassitsizm

usuli. Ushbu usul Fransiyada imperator Napoleon I hukmronligi davrida paydo boʼlib, XIX asr
dastlabki uch oʼn yilligi davrida rivojlanib, ekletik oqimlar bilan almashgan boʼylab havo bemalol
aylanishi uchun ochiq yoʼlakchalar sistemasi oʼtkazilgan boʼlib, pechlardan chiqayotgan issiqlik
hech qanday toʼsiqqa uchramay xona devorlaridagi mana shu yoʼlakchalar orqali butun binoga
tarqalib, xonalarni issiqlik bilan taʼminlagan. Xuddi shu devor orasidagi yoʼlakchalar orqali yozgi
mavsumda binoning 3 metr chuqurlikka ega yertoʼla qismi tuynugi ochilib, yertoʼladagi salqin
havo butun saroy xonalari boʼylab yoʼnaltirilgan. Shunday qilib Benua loyihasining ushbu
tahsinga sazovor qismi yordamida saroy xonalari qishda issiq va yozgi mavsumda salqin harorat
bilan muntazam ravishda taʼminlanib turilgan.

Saroyning toʼgʼri burchakli tarhida boʼylama oʼq boʼylab choʼzilgan yirik zallarning

biridan ikkinchisiga oʼtiladi. Tarh markazida eng katta zal joylashgan. Аmir davrida turli xildagi

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katta yigʼilishlardan tortib, bazmlargacha mazkur zalda oʼtkazilgan. Zalning devorlaridagi boʼrtma
shakldagi bezaklari ganchdan mohirona qilib ishlangan. Yettita Golland pechlari xona husniga
husn qoʼshib, koʼrkamligini yanada oshirgan. Ushbu katta zalning pol va shift qismi almashtirilgan
boʼlishiga qaramay, devordagi boʼrtma ganchkori bezaklari asl xolicha saqlangan. Har bir xona
devorlaridagi anvoyi gulli bezaklardan sharqona ruh barq urib turibdi.

Binoning ikkinchi qavatiga ixcham aylanma zinapoya yordamida chiqiladi, xonalariga esa

kungurador arkalar bilan bezatilgan ochiq ayvonchalar orqali oʼtiladi. Ikkinchi qavatning ayvon
qismida Qurʼon kitobidan oyatlar arab alifbosida ganchkori bezaklar bilan gulkori qilib bitilgan.
Xuddi shunday yozuvlarni binoning gʼarbiy tomonidagi kirish eshigi ustida qurilgan ayvon
ustunlarida xam, yogʼoch oʼymakorligi sanʼati yordamida bezaklar berib yozilganligini koʼrish
mumkin. Uchinchi qavatdan asosan zarur holatlarda xavfsizlik maqsadida foydalanilgan.

Saroyning gʼarbiy eshigidan juda ham maftunkor milliy uslubdagi bezaklar bilan gulkori

qilib bezatilgan xonaga kiriladi. Bu xona amirlik davrida qabulxona vazifasini bajargan boʼlib,
mana bir asrdan ziyod vaqt oʼtganligiga qaramay devorlardagi mohirona chizilgan naqshu nigorlar
haligacha oʼz jilosini yoʼqotgani yoʼq. Kishi koʼzini qamashtirgudek, xuddi kechagina chizilgani
kabi barq urib turibdi. Xonaning sharqiy devorida Golland uslubida pech qurilgan, gʼarbiy devori
sal yoysimon boʼlib, ikki qavatli derazalar (vitraj) oʼrnatilgan.

Saroyga jami uchta eshik orqali kirilgan boʼlib, uchalasi binoning uch tomonida

joylashgan. Mohir meʼmor Benua bino loyihasini shunaqa mahorat bilan ishlab chiqqanki, saroyga
bir eshikdan kirgan kishi butun saroyni aylanib, mutlaqo boshqa eshik orqali chiqishi mumkin.

Keyinchalik ushbu saroydan Mangʼitlar sulolasining soʼnggi vakili, Аbdulahadxonning

oʼgʼli Аmir Sayid Olimxon xam Buxoroga kelgan yuqori lavozimli mehmonlar uchun qarorgoh
sifatida foydalangan.

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