All articles - Endocrinology and Metabolism
Number of articles: 301
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In most cases, sepsis is caused by gram-positive flora. However, in patients without hematogenous dissemination, gram-negative microorganisms were microbiologically confirmed. Diagnosis of sepsis is a very difficult question. About 30% of sepsis cases remain without bacteriological confirmation. About 40-45% of sepsis cases are caused by staphylococci. However. 80% of cases of surgical infection is combined with an anaerobic infection. Surgical treatment of sepsis is considered to be the most relevant. Especially sepsis due to inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, treatment should begin with an urgent surgical intervention. -
The impact of iodinedeficiency states on the physical development of childrenWe analyzed, the problem, of iodine deficiency by the example of the school region, distribution of frequency of endemic goiter depending on sex and age and revealed, negative influence of it on the parameters of children's physical growth and. development
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Rehabilitation of patients with type 1 diabetes with complicated gastroduodenitisWe examined 70 patients with diabetes mellitus with complicated gastroduodenitis in the age of 7 to 17 years on the basis of the endocrinology department. The examination was carried out according to the stand-ard of examination of the endocrine patient with the inclusion of endoscopic examination. As a result of the survey it was established that the etiological factor ofgastroduodenitis in patients with type 1 diabetis is Helicobacter pylori infection.The incidence of infection correlates with the duration of diabe- tes mellitus,changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum in children in the first year of the disease have a hyperactive plastic nature with a duration of diabetes up to 5 years of atrophic nature
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Dynamics of surgical operations of the node shapes in the conditions iodine potency and iodine deficiencyThe article studied the dynamics of the number and volume of surgeries nodal forms of goiter and iodine deficiency conditions iodine security in Uzbekistan on archival data branch of the Research Institute of Endocrine Surgery Endocrinology Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan. Under the conditions of iodine deficiency increases the number of nodal forms of goiter. Moreover, the sharp increases malignant forms of nodular goiter that dictates a more radical surgery on the thyroid gland.
Doctor's Herald -
Optimization methods for diagnosis and treatment acute abscess and gangrene of the lungs in patients with diabetesAn effective treatment for acute suppurative destructive lung diseases and diabetes mellitus is a topical application of antibacterial drugs in large doses by prolonged selective intraarterial catheter therapy
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The liver plays an important role in the implementation and regulation of many metabolic processes. A wide variety of functions of hepatocytes leads to the fact that in liver pathology, biochemical constants are disturbed, reflecting changes in many types of metabolism. The anatomical structure of the liver determines the features of the processes occurring in it. The structural components of the liver are: 1) parenchymal cells (hepatocytes); 2) epithelium of the bile ducts; 3) cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES); 4) connective tissue. Connective tissue forms a capsule of the liver and it is not among the hepatocytes ordered into a lobed structure. Despite the many processes occurring in liver cells, changes in far from all of them are of diagnostic value [14]. The main pathological processes that form diagnostic signs are: 1) increased permeability of hepatocyte membranes; 2) reduction of synthetic processes in them; 3) an increase in the size of hepatocytes, compression of the bile ducts and impaired excretion of bile; 4) violation of the deposit process; 5) decrease in deactivation of toxic metabolites; 6) activation of mesenchymal tissue; 7) violation of immune responses. As a result of these processes, the following pathophysiological syndromes are formed: cytolysis, cholestasis, insufficiency of hepatocytes, inflammation. -
Analysis of qualitative and quantitative progressing of the demension in type 2 typeOne of the most frequently recorded manifestations of brain damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is cognitive impairment, the urgency of which is due to the progressive increase in prevalence of diabetes, an in-crease in life expectancy and increasing demands for effective intellectual activity. The mechanisms of devel-opment of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus remain unclear, which makes it difficult to find effective strategies for preventing dementia
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus: nephropathy, retinopathy, lesions of the main vessels of the heart, brain, lower extremities are annually confined to a wheelchair and take the lives of millions of people suffering from this disease. The results of the STEPS study showed that hypertension is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The presence of hypertension in the examined increased the risk of having type 2 diabetes twice, and impaired fasting blood glycemia - 1.5 times.
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Characteristics of the immune status of patients with the combined course of their chronic cholecystitis and metabolic syndromeThe immunometabolic features of the comorbid chronic cholecystitis and metabolic syndrome were studied. 82 patients with chronic cholecystitis and metabolic syndrome were examined. A feature of the comorbid metabolic syndrome and chronic cholecystitis is the increased activity of systemic inflammation, which is reflected in increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-а (TNF-a), a soluble receptor for it ((sTNF-a RI)) and pronounced changes in all parts of the immune system.
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Aim. Improvement the effectiveness of treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods. The experience of treatment of 87 patients with severe acute pancreatitis is considered. The protocol of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics included active conservative management of patients with a daily overall assessment of the clinical picture according to the Marshal, APACHE II and Ranson scales, the dynamics of laboratory changes, combined with the analysis of instrumental research data (US, CT and MRI), the use of delayed surgical interventions. Results. In 54 (62%) patients, the therapy led to recovery without surgical treatment, 33 (38%) were operated for purulent-septic complications. The overall mortality in the study group was 18.4%. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 71 patients (81.6%). Mortality among operated patients was 48.5%. Conclusion. The use of the developed protocol led to a decrease in overall and postoperative mortality, the number of systemic complications and a significant increase in survival in severe acute pancreatitis. -
Change of form of erythrocytes of peripheral blood in patients with obesity аfter laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomyUsing the express method of the «Thick drop», we studied the ratio of normal erythrocytes - discocytes and their pathological forms: stomatocytcs, cchinocytes, erythrocytes with a crest and others in patients with obesity before and at various times after bariatric surgery - laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. It has been shown that in patients with obesity, the ratio of the red blood cells to the discocytes/pathological forms does not differ from that observed in people with normal weight. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leads to significant changes in this ratio in the direction of increasing pathological forms of erythrocytes, which is especially pronounced 3 months after surgery.
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The author analyzes the literature review of the state of etiopathogenetic aspects of acute pancreatitis and its complications. The author concludes that the rapid formation of destructive changes in the pancreas necessitates emergency intensive treatment from the first hours of hospitalization. This allows you to prevent the transition of the edematous form of pancreatitis to pancreatic necrosis, and with a destructive form - to avoid purulent necrotic complications. -
Chronorhythms secretory ig a in patients with chronic purulent maxillary sinusitisIt was found that secretory IgA level in maxillary exudate has significantly day-night periodity. Two points of maximum level were indicated at 6.00 a.m. and 3.00 p.m. At the same time minimum level was found at 10.00 a.m. and 9.00 p.m. The investigation of proteolytic, fibrinolytic activity; activity of oxide-renewing processes are presented complex negative influence on secretory IgA production in cases of chronic purulent maxillary sinusitis in determined hours. Received results will serve one of the criterions at development of chronotherapeutic therapy in chronic purulent maxillary sinusitis treatment
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Influence of interaction of casein with fats and fatty acids on the proteolyt- Ic activity of the pancreas and gastric juiceWe studied the effect of various concentrations of fat hydrolysis products under the influence of pancreas and gastric juices on OPA using casein-fat emulsion (casein + tributyrin, casein + sunflower oil). It is concluded that the hydrolysis products of sunflower oil, contributes to a significant decrease in pancreatic juice OPA, which is not observed under the influence of tributyrin hydrolysis products. The hydrolysis products of both sunflower oil and tributyrin do not affect the gastric acid opa in an acidic environment. An increase in the concentration of both sunflower oil and tributyrin in the emulsion with casein contributes to a significant decrease in pancreatic juice OPA. At the same time, the effect of tributyrin is less pronounced than when using sunflower oil. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of both tributyrin and sunflower oil does not significantly affect the gastric juice OPA.
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Studies were performed on 98 rats in 14 series, 7 acute experiments in each series. We studied the change in pancreatic secretion with the introduction of CCK.-8 short-chain peptide and CCC-33 long-chain peptide in the presence of trypsin and contrical. It was concluded that the short-chain peptide CCK.-8 is utilized by the liver to a large extent, in comparison with the long-chain peptide CCK-33. Trypsin, when passing through the liver, reduces the ability of the liver to utilize CCK.-8, thereby stimulating the secretory function of the pancreas. When passing through the liver, the protease inhibitor increases the ability of the liver to utilize CCK.-8, thereby reducing the secretory function of the pancreas. Pancreatic hormone trypsin and its inhibitors may be involved in the modification of cholecystokinin mechanisms for regulating pancreatic function. -
Influence of intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to pesticides on the growth and formation of the thymus gland of offspringThe aim of the study was to identify the toxic effect of intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to pesticides on the development of the thymus gland of offspring. The experiments were performed on white adult male rats, who respectively received pesticides cyhalothrin or fipronil during pregnancy and lactation. Progeny from experimental and control animals was studied on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 30th days after birth using methods of morphology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. It was shown that the toxic effect of pesticide exposure during pregnancy and lactation is manifested in the form of slowing growth and formation of the thymus of offspring. Along with the increase in death of thymocytes within the body, the action of pesticides leads to a decrease in the secretory activity of epithelio-reticular cells Tm, indicating violations of the regulatory function of the thymus. In the mechanism of toxic effect of pesticides on the immune system, the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of cells is caused by both direct toxic effects of drugs, both developing hypothyroidism and oxidative stress in mother and offspring. This causes the need for early detection of hypothyroidism and oxidative stress in pregnant women and newborns, followed by their pharmacological correction.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
One of the essential ingredients for human health and water is the essential ingredient of thyroid gland, which, due to its deficiency in the body, leads to increased liver disease. This disease and its complications are one of the most urgent problems facing healthcare workers - the task of preventive measures. -
Diagnostic and treatment complications of diabetes mellitus on evidence based medicineDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the result of a metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, proteins and fats of various etiologies and is manifested by chronic hyperglycemia. [1, 3, 5]. Complications of diabetes mellitus are divided into acute (hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis), which can occur suddenly at any period of the disease, and chronic (diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidney pathology, visual impairment, neuropathy), which develop several years after onset of the disease [10, 12].
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Transcranial dopplcrography was performed in 60 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. At the same time, the duration of diabetes mellitus, as well as the stage of compensation, were taken into account. As a result of the study, it turned out that with diabetic polyneuropathy, premature and rapidly progressing atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels are detected, with the development of a stenosing process in them. -
Assessment of the functional condition of kidneys in patients with excessive body weight and obesityThe aim was to study the functional state of the kidneys with overweight and obesity. It was established that the average parameters of the GFR of the examined changed along with the growth of the BMI for all types of GFR. If, when calculating according to the MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas, significant differences between the groups were obtained, then, when calculating using the Cockcroft Gault formula, no significant differences were observed. Calculations of GFR using MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas revealed 1.5 times more patients requiring special nephrological examination, treatment correction, and dynamic observation. The calculation of GFR using the MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas is preferable to the calculation using the Cockcroft-Gault metod.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Evaluation of the risk of heredity and lifestyle of children and adolescents with obesity and arterial hypertensionData of a survey of 55 children and adolescents with obesity are given. It was found that the main risk factors for the development of various types of obesity in children, and hypertension are hypercaloric nutrition, inactivity, heredity in obesity and hypertension in both parents and diabetes maternal line, and smoking in families. Great importance in the progression of obesity and the manifestation of hypertension had a period of puberty.
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Porto-venous gradient- morfhological equvalent of the hepatic lobuleMaterial was the liver of mature rabbits (n=36),that , after common morphological treatment was ana-lyzed under light N 4800 M(x100immersion )and electron microscope JEM-100S. Results: the conducted stud-ies indicate the existense of the porto-venous gradient, in the periportal part, the differentiated cells undergo division as the cells move towards the central vein, their differentiation. Summary: in the liver there is a por-tovenous gradient, in its periportal part it multiplies by mitosis, and in the intermediate and perivenous are as it under goes apoptic death or extrusion
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GSD) is steadily increasing worldwide and in the general population of different countries varies from 1 to 14%, averaging 7%. The increase in the number of new cases of GSD is facilitated by life in a modern metropolis: constant stress, poor nutrition, low motor activity, an epidemic of obesity, the age of pregnant women over 30 years old. Thanks to the use of assisted reproductive technologies, the traditional risk factors for the development of GSD have been added to the high frequency of multiple pregnancies, the use of hormonal drugs and the induction of ovulation. Modern GSD often develops against the background of normal body weight. The manifestations of the disease are mostly latent and can only be detected by targeted screening, but the criteria for diagnosis and screening of GSD remain a subject of discussion. [Evsyukova I.I., 2012]. -
Analysis of options preoperative preperation and anesthesia in the treatment of thyroid diseasesThe results of surgical treatment, preoperative preparation and anesthesia of 72 patients operated on goiter are presented in the article. A new approach to stress-protective preoperative therapy is suggested. The efficacy of anesthesia with of ketamine and advantages of this approach in comparison with standard general anesthesia are shown.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
In the Samarkand branch of the scientific center of emergency medical care, the results of treatment of 136 patients with various forms of pancreatonecrosis, which were on inpatient treatment for the period 2006-2016, were analyzed. Based on the criteria of the APACHE-II scale, 86 patients (63.2%) had an unfavorable prognosis of pancreatic necrosis (with an integral index of more than 8 points), and favorable in pancreone-crosis (50.8%). It should be emphasized that the components of the success of management of patients with acute pancreatitis, and especially sterile and infected pancreatic necrosis, should include modern ideas about the inseparable pathogenetic nature of these conditions, determining the strategy of topical diagnosis and the tactics of complex treatment in emergency pancreatology
