Алишер Навои в известной степени был знаком с античной философией, с уважением отзывался о мыслителях прошлого, окружал своих героев - справедливых правителей - мудрыми наставниками. Навои в своем творчестве испытал огромное влияние философского наследия Абу Насыра Фараби, которого называл «Вторым учителем». Данная статья посвящена раскрытию некоторых 1раней влияния Фараби на философское мировоззрение Алишера Навои.
Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek adabiyotining iste’dodli vakili Usmon Nosir tarjimayi holi, ijodiy faoliyatining o‘ziga xos jihatlari haqida fikr yuritilgan.
Элат- кишиларнинг тил, ҳудуд иқгисодий ва маданий жиҳатдан тарихан таркиб топган миллатдт олдинги бирлиги. Элат қабила билан миллат орасидаги этник бирликнинг кўринишидир. Элатнинг шаклланишига бирбирига яқин бир неча қабилаларнинг уюшуви асос бўлган. Элатлардаги этник, хўжалик, моддий ва маданий алоқаларнинг тобора ривожланиб бориши натижасида бир қанча қабилалар бирлашадилар. Натижада, этник бирликнинг янги тури вужудга келади. Бу элат дейилиб, маълум тарихий шароитда ҳудудий, иқтисодий, тил ва маданий умумийлик асосида шаклланади
In this article, the history of the introduction, creation and acclimatization of new varieties of fruit trees in Fargana during the years of Soviet power and independence is revealed through the analysis of sources and literature. Also, the history of problems in the organization of orchards, their productivity, resistance to diseases, price, and adaptation to the local climate is detailed
The article discusses general issues related to the study of the verb synonymy of the Persian language. At the beginning of the article, the general questions of synonymy are examined, the points of view of various scholars - linguists on this phenomenon are revealed, and also a brief analysis of works devoted to the coverage of the problems of synonymy in the Persian language is given. Following consideration of the general signs of synonymy and the criteria for synonymity, the article determines which of the criteria are applicable to the verb vocabulary of the Persian language. It is emphasized that synonyms should be considered as a synchronous phenomenon, which does not exclude the possibility of considering obsolete or out-of-use words as synonyms. The main criteria for distinguishing synonyms in the Persian language are phonetic, morphological, and semantic-stylistic criteria. Based on the fact that words should differ in their sound composition, the phonetic variants of the same word available in the language do not represent special value for synonymy, although their use can serve as an artistic and stylistic tool. According to the morphological criterion, synonyms must belong to the same part of speech. The semantic-stylistic criterion is related to interchangeability. Further, the article concludes that with regard to the verb vocabulary of the Persian language, interchangeability is possible taking into account the presence in the Persian language of words that have different emotionally expressive colors, stylistic differences, and equal syntactic use. As a result, the conclusion is made that the interchangeability criterion “works” when words belong to the same lexical environment and are used in equivalent contexts.
In this article, the sources that served as the origin of Arabic prose were studied. Their influence on the emergence of a new modern Arabic novel has been scientific-cally analyzed. Scientific place of Arabic prose in world literature was evaluated. It is known that in place of the state of the Abbasid caliphate, which fell into decline as a result of the Mongol invasion, new states began to form. Among them, the Seljuks, the Ottomans began to gain more and more authority. The Ottoman period continued with old traditions in Arabic literature. It was mainly a genre of poetry, martial arts, fairy tales and short stories. Since the 16th and 17th centuries, when the decline of the Ottoman Empire began, Renaissance was gaining momentum in Europe being a trigger for new reforms. Naturally, it also brought news to the literature of European nations. At that time, prose served as the impetus for the emergence of romantic or adventure works - the genre of novels. And this, for a number of reasons, in turn, influenced the East, in particular Arabic literature. There is an exhaustive opinion about the sources that motivate the emergence of the school of novels in Arabic literature. Another change is that young people from Arab countries studied at European universities and got acquainted with the works of European literature. The article examines these issues, as well as the life and work of the master of historical works Djurji Zaidon as one of the founders of the school of novels in modern Arabic literature. His role in the Arabic novel of the new period is studied, the article discusses research on this topic and explains the scientific analysis of the school of the Arabic novel.
In this article by using archive materials and scientific publications it is analyzed the history of the formation, theory, and practice of the description of the archival fund “The Chancellery of the Khiva Khanate” (f. I-125).
In The article examines the emergence, formation and development of such small prose genres in Hindi and Punjabi literature as a sketch ("rekhachitra"), their distinctive features, features and role in literature. The Rekhachitra (image) genre is a virtually unexplored genre in Russian Indology. There are opinions of some Russian Indologists, such as E.P. Chelysheva, A.P. Senkevich and N.P. Utekhina. The article also cites the opinion of some Hindi literary scholars, in particular, Mahendra Kumar Dhingra, Lakshmisagar Varshaya, Nagendra and V. Tripathi on this genre. An attempt is made to shed light on this topic using the example of the works of writers in the genre of "rekhachitr" (image).
This article based on the analysis of his third, little-known work of the Arabic historian and geographer of the 9th century al-Ya’qubi “Mushakalat an-nas li zamanihim” (The Adaptation of men to their time). It reveals new aspects of Al-Ya’qubi’s oeuvre. The treatise relatively recent work composed by al-Ya’qubi that has reached after two of his well-known works “Kitab al-buldan” (Book of countries). and "Kitab at-ta’rih (“Book of History”). In the article, this treatise is considered from a sociological perspective. Al-Ya’qubi, based on the thesis that all people in Muslim society followed their caliphs, imitated their conducts and behaviors, is trying to identify the causes of the degradation of Muslim society during the reign of Umayyads and early Abbasids. He considers that the main reason for the moral and spiritual decay of Muslim Society are the caliphs themselves. People imitated the customs of the caliphs followed their spiritual and moral orientation. Thus, the quality of Muslim society, according to al-Ya’qubi, directly depends on its leader. As far as the caliph, in its moral, ethical and spiritual qualities, corresponded to the image of the “Amir al-Mu’minin” – “Commander of the Faithful,” so did the members of society correspond to the image of the faithful Muslims. The treatise reveals new aspects of al-Ya’qubi’s worldview, his vision of a just, righteous Muslim society. Through the analysis of this treatise, a new side of al-Ya’kubi’s oeuvre is revealed - sociology. At first glance, an attempt by al-Ya’kubi to delve into the reasons for the development of Muslim society may seem primitive. However, al-Ya’qubi’s work, considering the development of Muslim society through the prism of “adaptation of men to their time”, could be believed the first example of a medieval Arabic work on sociology.It follows from the article that the thesis and examples of “the adaptation of men to their time” should be considered more deeply. The very division of the caliphs (rulers) of Islam into the categories of “caliphs” and “kings,” as can be seen from the author's introductory remarks to the treatise, says a lot. From the context of the treatise, it turns out that the author lists the first four righteous caliphs as “caliphs,” distinguishing among them Osman ibn Affan, who, according to his description, is deprived of the asceticism and modesty of the two previous caliphs Abu Bakr and Omar ibn al-Khattab. By “kings” of Islam, the author means the caliphs of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. Thus, the main plotline of the treatise is based on the opposition of a righteous Muslim society, led by the “caliph” to its “perverted” form (according to al-Ya'qubi) – the Muslim empire, the “caliphate”, under the authoritarian rule of the “kings” in the person of the caliphs – Umayyads and Abbasids.
This article is devoted to the study of the features of the formation of words with different orders of morphemes in the Chinese language, as well as the corresponding models of this method of word formation.
Chronic generalized periodontitis leads to numerous negative effects, especially disruption of the function of the ligaments that hold the tooth. One of the reasons for the development of this pathological process is associated with changes in microcirculation, which further leads to the development of pathological processes in the parotid tissues. According to a number of authors, the activation of the process of lipid peroxidation (POL) plays an important role in the development and course of a number of pathological processes.
This article deals with the description of interference and emphasizes grammatical influence of first language (Uzbek) on the second language (English).We analyze grammatical interference made by Uzbek learners in mastering second language.
Butun jahon bolalar huquq va manfaatlarini himoya qilish tashkiloti UNICEF tomonidan «...har qanday mamlakatning kelajagi bevosita bolalarning farovonligiga va ularning rivojlanish imkoniyatlariga bog’liq» 6 ligi qayd etilib, maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni rivojlantirishni amalga oshirishning o’ziga xos psixologik yondashuvlariga e’tibor berish, shu jarayonini tashkil etishni takomillashtirish orqali maktabgacha yoshdari bolalar muloqotini ijtimoiy psixologik shakllantirish, tafakkur erkinligi, fikrlashi va muloqot faolligini tarbiyalash masalalari dolzarb muammolardan bo’lib qolmoqda.
The article analyzes the details of the deaths of the heroes of the epics "Farhod and Shirin" and "Layli and Majnun" in Alisher Navoi's "Khamsa". In the epics, heroesFarhod and Shirin, the cause of death of Layli and Majnun are explained. It has also been proven that many students' misconceptions that "these heroes killed themselves" are wrong, and that the suicide of these heroes is completely contrary to Navoi's moral and religious views. The fact that the deaths of these heroes took place quite naturally, by themselves, without revealing any cause, is shown by the examples taken from the epics. It is said that even in the most desperate moments of one's life, one should not commit suicide, but accept one's destiny and pray to the Creator in accordance with the etiquette of prayer.
В Республике Узбекистан обеспечение права на доступ к правосудию является одной из важнейших процессуальных гарантий, реализация которой осуществляется путем безусловного и неукоснительного выполнения задач уголовно– процессуального законодательства, определенных в положениях статьи 2 УПК Республики Узбекистан.
This article discusses the need to develop the activities of small businesses in our country. At the same time, the features of increasing investment activity in the development of small business are described.
In this article the author gives critical review of the famous conception of ‘orientalism’ and critically considers its antinomy – ‘occidentalism’. Irrelevance of both conceptions is shown.
This article reveals new informations about such muhaddithes of Shash oasis as Imam Abdullah ibn Avana Shashi, Abu Sa’id Isa ibn Selim Shashi, Abu Muhammad Ja’far ibn Shu’ayb Shashi, Abu Is’hak Ibrahim ibn Huzeym Shashi, Abu Ali Hasan ibn Sahib ibn Hamid hafiz Shashi and e.t.c.