The spiritual heritage of Sufism - the heritage of all the peoples of the Islamic world. And this spiritual heritage belongs to all mankind. In today's era of globalization, when small national cultures remain under the strong influence of powerful cultures, the scientific study of Sufism, which made a huge contribution to the development of world civilization for 1200 years. Sufism is the historical essence of the peoples of the region, appreciated as the highest way of philosophical and artistic thinking of man. It's no secret that today's person suffers from a spiritual poverty and the mental crisis. Spiritual and philosophical teachings, such as Sufism, are a unique vaccine from such crises. The work done by global scientists by history and the philosophy of Sufism, like a drop of the sea. This is only the beginning. There is still a lot of work in this regard, and there is still valuable research in this area. Therefore, it is natural that the joint study, study and presentation of this religious, philosophical, moral and aesthetic teaching as the general heritage of our peoples to the world scientific community will give positive results.
Each nation has a scientific and spiritual heritage, including their exhortation, edification, verses and stories reflected in manuscripts. In recent years, there has been growing interest in scientific and spiritual heritage, ancient manuscripts and works that are important for study, research and promotion. Finding, studying and publishing manuscripts is one of the most actual problems today, especially manuscripts dating back to the IXth-XIIth centuries, written on the territory of today's Central Asia. Many of the popular works of various fields saturated with Islamic ideology were created at the same time. One of these works is the manuscripts “Rabi-ul-abrar and nusus-ul-ahbar” (“Spring of good people and expressed messages”) by the ancient Khorezm scholar Mahmoud Zamakhshari. The article provides information and determination of the structural differences between the existing chapters of two copies of this manuscript in Arabic stored in the funds of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Muslim Administration of Uzbekistan. The article also discusses the importance of the work of Rabi-ul-abrar and nusus-ul-ahbara at the present stage of ethics. This work is fundamentally different from other works of the scholar Mahmoud Zamahshari and is a collection of works covering all natural, social, political and spiritual events in society. Another aspect of the work is that the scholar classified this work by summing up the words of the prophets and his associates, caliphs, emirs, monks and contemporaries.
Sayyid Ahmad ibn Jalal ad-Din Kwajagi Kasani-Dahbedi (868/1461–949/1542) was a brilliant scholar and great thinker of Mawarannahr. He has been mentioned in manuscripts as a Makhdum-i A`zam Kasani, Makhdum-i A`zam Dahbedi, Makhdum-i A`zam Kasani-Dahbedi or shortly Makhdum-I A`zam. This article is devoted to the study of scientific-spiritual heritage of the afore-mentioned outstanding scholar on the base of the first sources, stored at the Manuscripts Fund of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts named after Abu Rayhan Beruni under the Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies.
The article is dedicated to the subject of the study of the scientific heritage of scholars from Termez. It is known that Termez from the Middle Ages was accepted as one of the scientific centres of Mawarannahr and Khorasan. The scholars of the region worked in different directions of the fileds of sciences such as natural sciences and humanitarian sciences. As a result, they have left a great scientific heritage. In this article the authir tries to indicate objective and subjective difficulties, connected with the studyof this scientific heritage and he gives his own suggestions on how to solve them.
Наследие Востока и прежде всего великое научное наследие Абу Насра Фараби считается одним из решающих факторов в становлении полноценно-развитого облика личности. В настоящее время человек своими рациональными действиями создаёт величайшие материальные и духовные благосостояния и проносит их сквозь тяжелые и трудные испытания эпохи. При этом актуальновесомыми являются произведения Фараби, раскрывающие сущность ума в политико-нравственном и моральном воспитании молодого поколения. Поэтому не будет преувеличением утверждать, что выдвинутые в трудах Фараби теории и рационалистические идеи актуальны и созвучны с духовнонравственным обновлением нашего общества, новшествами в сфере образования и воспитания в республике Узбекистан.
Образ нашего великого предка-мыслителя и философа Абу Насра Фараби, его ум и интеллект, как и его взгляды на искусство созидания, концепции ума и познания личности играют основную роль в качестве исторического обоснования нового гражданского общества в Узбекистане.
The article is dedicated to scientific heritage of the great encyclopedial scientist Abu Raykhan Beruni. There given information about his role in world's science and books written by him. As well as, there given analysis of Berunis scientific activity and common points in works of another scientists of his time.
In the 10th-12th centuries there had been a rapid flourishing of literary creativity in the Arabic language in the regions of Central Asia such as Mawaraunnahr and Khwarezm. Tens of thousands of Arabic language manuscripts have been stored in manuscript collections all over the world, including the manuscript collection of our Republic. Some of them have been selectively studied by orientalists. At the same time, the number of still unexplored manuscripts is very large, and there are manuscripts containing vivid artistic creations among them. Translating and researching of these works in order to bring the treasures of spiritual and aesthetic heritage to our people is a responsible and honorable task of Uzbek orientalists. This article expounds on the contributions of the Central Asian thinkers in the development of Arabic literature in the 10th-12th centuries, in the establishment of its genres, and the formation of its primary trends. In the article, a brief overview of the main literary works of the period and their influence on the direction of the literary development both in Central Asia and the entire world of Islam is given. The rich Arabic literature of Mawarannаhar and Khwarezm spurred vibrant cultural growth locally during the first stage of the Islamic Renaissance and further development of the social and moral thought of its peoples. Abu Bakr al-Khwarezmi, Abu Ali Sina, Mahmud al-Zamakshari, and many other Central Asian thinkers combined both scientific and literary endeavors throughout their lives. During this very period, the main body of the greatest literary monuments was created. Additionally, the perspectives of a deeper study of this literary heritage as part of the world heritage and the entire human civilization are examined in this article. A comprehensive study of the Arabic literary heritage of the 9th-12th centuries may, on one hand, help to fill out the gap in the studies of the literary activities of the period. On the other hand, even though certain steps in this direction have been made, prospects of research from the position of literary studies demand a deeper exploration of literary activities, thematic categories, poetics, uniqueness of local genres, and other facets, which will help make certain the size of the contribution of Central Asian scholars to the development not only of Eastern literature but of Western as well.
On the basis of sources in Arabic, Persian, English and Russian, the role of the heritage of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Ma’mun in the upbringing of the heirs of the youth of the Third Renaissance is scientifically analyzed. The legacy of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Ma’mun, who made a great contribution to world civilization, is studied not only in Uzbekistan, but throughout the world and is of great importance. In our country, special attention is paid to the study of the world and man, nature, social life, the spirituality of the individual, education and upbringing, the use of their ideas in the spirit of the time in educating the younger generation as worthy heirs. Since we have set ourselves the great goal of laying the foundations of the Third Renaissance in our country, we must create an environment and conditions that will educate new scientists, such as Muhammad ibn Muso al-Khwarizmi, Abu Reihan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Mirza Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and others. At the same time, first of all, the development of education and upbringing, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the popularization of science and innovation should serve as the main pillars of our national idea. From this point of view, there is a need for a comprehensive scientific and theoretical study of the philosophical, natural-scientific views of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Ma`mun, formed on the basis of universal values, existential ideas that are of constructive significance for the improvement of man.
The rich spiritual-cultural, religious-philosophical heritage, national values, customs and traditions of the Turkish people have been restored. In these years, great work is being done to restore Islamic values, which are an integral part of our spirituality. Until now, the religious-philosophical heritage of the enlightened scientist serves as an important source for researches on the history and sciences of Islam at the universities of Vienna, Bonn, Istanbul, Manchester, Göttingen. With his important philosophical works and rich scientific heritage, he left a certain mark on the development of not only Islamic but also world philosophy. Ahmad Zaki Walidi was forced to live and create abroad due to his idea of national enlightenment and due to certain historical circumstances, facing persecution and difficulties. During the time of the Soviets, under the label of nationalism, his teachings were not studied and his works were not published. The study of some of his published works was strictly prohibited. As long as this is the case, the religious-philosophical analysis of the teachings of the enlightened scientist, the independent study of his ideas from the point of view of national and universal culture are of urgent importance.
Historic buildings are an integral part of a community’s cultural heritage. These structures serve as a testament to the history and development of a city or region. The preservation and restoration of historic buildings are complex, multifaceted and expensive processes, but they are worth the cost, as they help to glorify and restore our heritage and preserve our roots. In this article, we will explore the importance of preserving and restoring historic buildings and the impact it has on the local community.
The аrticle describes the feаtures of teаching Аrаbic аs а foreign lаnguаge, modern innovаtive аpproаches to lаnguаge educаtion, аs well аs issues of literаry lаnguаge аnd diаlects. Аrаbic literаry lаnguаge is the most аcceptаble аnd cleаn version of this lаnguаge. Usuаlly this lаnguаge is not the lаnguаge spoken by the mаjority of the populаtion, becаuse people constаntly discover its vаrious mаnifestаtions. Diаlects аre chаrаcteristic of locаl populаtions аnd аre trаnsmitted orаlly without written preservаtion. This fаctor аlso poses pаrticulаr difficulties in teаching Аrаbic to foreign students. The method of communicаtive study of the Аrаbic lаnguаge, аlong with the methods of teаching the Аrаbic lаnguаge, plаys а key role in the effective mаstery of the Аrаbic lаnguаge. Leаrning grаmmаr is importаnt, but а student with deep knowledge of grаmmаr mаy not speаk fluently. Therefore, both of these methods аre of greаt importаnce. Lаnguаge is а culturаl phenomenon, therefore the culturаl аnd historicаl heritаge of eаch country depends on its lаnguаge. This, in turn, contributes to the development of the nаtion, country аnd society аs а whole. А person is, first of аll, а communicаtor, therefore we need to understаnd eаch other in order to develop аnd improve.
It is known from history that two fraternal peoples are connected by one language, the sacred Islamic religion, traditions and customs, and the invaluable heritage of great figures. Even when there is no border between the two countries, it is well known that the great representatives of our people have created a great heritage of culture, history and science in the territory of modern Afghanistan and this heritage is a common property. In this sense, a new page of relations between two countries is now emerging. The nearly half-century war in Afghanistan indicates that this land has become the heartland of world politics ever since. Afghanistan remains a main point in the field of competition for the geopolitical maneuvers of the region and its conflicting interests. Nowadays, this is the result of geopolitical struggle in which there are different views on achieving peace in the Afghan land. However, it should be noted that Uzbekistan has some of the most current approaches and its pragmatic and constructive views on the peace process in Afghanistan that differ from other powers. Uzbekistan is a only country bordered all Central Asian states as well as Afghanistan. Such a geostrategic axiom will lead to the recognition of Uzbekistan’s role in the Afghan peace process. This article analyzes the political, trade, economic, cultural and humanitarian relations of modern Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and their features. In particular, the article shows relations with the government of Afghanistan, Tashkent International Conference on Afghanistan, negotiations with the leadership of the Taliban political office, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Heart” railroad, “Termiz cargo” international export logistics center, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar” railroad, “Surkhan-Puli Khumri” power plant, “Uzbekistan-Afghanistan” Friendship Society, Training Center for Afghan Citizens, International Scientific Conference on Afghanistan and other many practical works.
Maqolada ajdodlarimizning yosh avlodni vatanparvarlik va odamiylik fazilatlari ruhida voyaga yetkazishga alohida e’tibor qaratib kelganligi haqida so‘z yuritilgan. Zero, ota bobolarimizdan qolgan va asrlar mobaynida sayqallanib, boyitib kelinganma’naviy merosimiz komil inson tarbiyasida dasturulamal bo‘lib xizmat qilishi to‘g‘risida fikrlar aks ettirilgan.
In the end of the 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th centuries, Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz the Second created a unique literary environment in his palace in Khwarazm. Among the prominent poets who were active during this period were Tabibi, Mutrib, Bayani, Avaz Utar, Chokar and Shinasi. The majority of them were bilingual and composed both in Uzbek and Persian. Lavish poetic nights, bayt and ghazal competitions were organized according to the ruler’s order, during which poets recited the samples of their new works. In the literary environment of Khiva bayaz, tazkira and muntakhab collections were compiled as well as various devans, mukhammasat, ghazaliyat and rubaiyat, which were copied by qualified scribers. At present, the significant part of these works are kept in the manuscript fund of Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of
the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Ichan Qal’a Museum of Khiva. Among those one finds the literary heritage of the bilingual poet of Khiva, Mutrib Khanakharab son of Muhammad Hasan divan Hajji Tabib (1853–1923). His poetry were included in the collections of divans and bayaz under the inventory numbers of 2679/II, 903/V, 906/VII.
It is known that some bayaz collections contain Mutrib’s verses not included in his own divan. One of such bayaz collections was copied by Mulla Muhammad Yusuf Chikar bin Muhammad Yusuf divan Kharrot according to the order of Feruz.
In addition to Mutrib’s verses, this collection includes ghazals ascribed to other 21 poets. This source is kept today in the main collection of Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies under the inventory number 1184. The article provides a textual analysis of the literary heritage of Mutrib
Khanakharab based on the divan and bayaz collections located in the manuscript collection of Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies.
In the second half of the XIX - early XX centuriesThousands of scientific studies, works, and works on the natural sciences were created in Central Asia. These works are currently in preservation in the collections of manuscripts and libraries of Uzbekistan. In particular, the rich scientific and spiritual heritage of the famous thinker Ahmad Danish has its place among the sources of the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu RayhanBiruni of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article indicates the registration numbers of his works and essays. The analysis of the views of Ahmad Donish on science, in the works. The author of the article pays great attention to the study of his works and works, where a place is given to the description of natural phenomena.The article also presents the scientific thoughts of Ahmad Donish about nature, about the origin and structure of the Earth, about the existence and movement of the planets, about the eclipses of the Sun and the Moon. In the works devoted to the natural sciences, he presents natural phenomena, based on scientific arguments. In covering the topic of a scientific article, the author used such scientific methods as historicity, analysis of phenomena in a particular historical context and explanation. It should be noted that Central Asia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. became the object of active research of Russian and foreign researchers. As a result, hundreds of new studies have emerged. This justifies the level of the highest development of the science of geography in the second end of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries. Innovations in the field of natural sciences directly influenced the work of the enlighteners of Central Asia. In view of the developing educational movement at the end of the
The article comprehensively covers the life and work of the Afghan classical poet Abdurrahman Momand (Rahman Baba). Along with presenting the opinions of literary scholars on the essence of his poetry and the place of his works in the history of Afghan literature, it highlights the content and artistic features of his poetry using specific examples. The article also highlights the question of his attitude to Sufism, the poet's views on the reality of his time, and reveals the essence of humanism and national character expressed in his poetry. The scientific significance of this article is determined by the fact that for the first time in the Oriental studies of Uzbekistan, the life and literary works of the poet are presented in the broadest possible way, and conclusions about the essence of his poetry are made on the basis of a direct analysis of his poems. Keywords and phrases: creative process, myth, mythology, folklore, myth, mythology, mythological current, intertextuality, mythological image.
This article is devoted to a brief account of the life and scientific legacy of the great thinkers of the tenth and eleventh centuries, Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Abu Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ya'qub ibn Miskawayh. Philosophers have left a bright mark in science and in the history of Islamic philosophical thought with their philosophical views and teachings. Farobi is known as the "Second Teacher" ("Muallim saniy"), and Miskawayh is known as the "Third Teacher" ("Muallim-salis"). This means that the high titles are a clear example of the appreciation given to their contribution to Muslim Arab philosophy. On the basis of the philosophical teachings of the thinkers, the role of the Mashhaiyun movement in the ethics of the Middle East Muslim East is highlighted.
The book of Haji Khalifa "Kashf az-zunun" is the wrok of bio-bibliographical character, contains materials about the scientific and cultural life of Central Asia. This article, written on the basis of "Kashf az-zunun" highlights the scientific activity of some philosophers from Central Asia. The given statements from the "Kashf al-zunun" have been studied and enlightened with the usef of other sources.
The article reveals the main trends in the development of Syrian literature after the second half of the twentieth century, the problems of the development of Syrian romanism and some aspects of the evolution of Arabic literature of the twentieth century. The article is intended to shed light on the typology of the development of the literary process in the Arab world. The formation of a realistic trend in Syrian literature, social literature, a period of growing interest in realistic literature is noted. The work of the greatest Syrian writer Hannah Mina made an attempt to show that important typological features of the literary process inherent in the Arab world as a whole are manifested in deep and vivid aspects. The artistic and structural analysis of novels in Syrian literature, as well as the literary and scientific heritage of the famous Syrian writer Hannah Mina, are highlighted. He also emphasizes the peculiarities of the development of the Syrian novel, revealing the important place and role of Hannah Mina in the development of Syrian literature, in particular Syrian novelism. New trends in modern Arabic literature are highlighted, including the literary environment in Syria in the second half of the twentieth century and the scientific work of Syrian literary scholars on the development of the novel genre in national Arabic literature. The process of the formation of new aesthetic views and new literary movements in Syrian literature is revealed.