ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
214
BUXORO OBIDALARI
Teshayeva Shahzoda Rahim qizi
Osiyo Xalqaro Univesiteteti
Tarix ta’lim yo’nalishi 1-kurs talabasi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10951887
Annotatsiya.
O‘zbekistonning boy me’moriy an’analari jahon madaniy merosi rivojining
barcha bosqichlari, nodir me’moriy asarlarining turli-tuman ko‘rinishilarini o‘zida mujassam
etgan bo‘lib, minoralar kabi o‘ziga xos inshootlar me’morchiligida ham ma’lum darajada sezilarli
iz qoldirgan.
Kalit so'zlar:
So’g’d,Xorazm, Baqtra , Sopollitepa, Ark qal'asi, Mir Arab madrasasi, Poyi
Kalon majmuasi.
MONUMENTS OF BUKHARA
Abstract.
The rich architectural traditions of Uzbekistan emdiv all stages of the
development of the world cultural heritage, various forms of rare architectural works, and also in
the architecture of unique structures such as towers. left a significant mark.
Key words:
Sogd, Khorezm, Baqtra, Sopollitepa, Ark fortress, Mir Arab Madrasah, Poyi
Kalon complex.
ПАМЯТНИКИ БУХАРЫ
Аннотация.
Богатые архитектурные традиции Узбекистана включают в себя все
этапы развития мирового культурного наследия, различные формы редких архитектурных
произведений, а также в архитектуре таких уникальных сооружений, как минареты, в
той или иной степени оставившие значительный след.
Ключевые слова:
Согд, Хорезм, Бактра, Сополлитепа, крепость Арк, медресе Мир
Араб, комплекс Пои Калон.
O'zbekiston — ulug' avliyolar Vatani. Bu erda buyuk so'fiy darg'alar yashagan va sof
islomiy ta'limot hamda uning ma'rifatini tarqatgan. Buxorodagi islomiy me'moriy yodgorliklar –
Ark qal'asi, Mir Arab madrasasi, Poyi Kalon majmuasi, eski shahar ansambli, mashhur Buxoro
hovuzlari asriy ko'rkamligi va jilosini yo'qotmasligi uchun zarur konservatsiya va restavratsiya
ishlari bajarildi. Buxoroda ko‘plab minoralar mavjudki, ular qariyb o‘ttiz asrni qarshilagan Sharif
shahar husniga ko‘rk qo‘shib kelmoqda.
Buxoro minoralari orasida Minorai Kalon (Kalon minorasi) o‘zining mahobati,
naqshlarining murakkabligi, bejirimligi hamda ne-ne jang-u jadallar va tabiat sinovlariga dosh
berib kelayotganligi bilan alohida ajralib turadi. Minoralar turli davrlarda turli vazifalarni
bajargan. Qadimdan minoralar masjid va madrasalar yonida ularga tutash qurilgan. Minorai Kalon
Buxorodagi betakror me’moriy yodgorlik hisoblanadi. Qaysidir ma’noda qadim Buxoroning ramzi
desak ham bo‘ladi. Minora Poyi Kalon me’moriy majmuasining bir qismi.
U Mir Arab madrasasi hamda Kalon Masjidining o‘rtasida qad rostlagan. Eski Buxoroning
eng baland inshootidir. Minorai Kalon tojik tilidan tarjima qilinganda katta minora ma’nosini
anglatadi. Minora arabcha so‘z bo‘lib, «Baland inshoot» degan ma’noni anglatadi.
Minora, aslida, masjid va madrasalar yonida yoki ularga tutash qurilgan bo‘lib, namoz
o‘qishga undaydigan azon chaqirish uchun mo‘ljallangan joy vazifasini bajaradi. Tarixiy
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
215
manbalarda minoralarning ayrimlari dushman qo‘shinlarini kuzatuvchi soqchixona sifatida va bir
majmuaga ko‘rk va salobat berish hamda uni qurdirgan shaxsning kuch-qudratini namoyish qilish
uchun ham bunyod etilgan. Narshaxiyning “Buxoro tarixi” kitobida yozilishicha, birinchi
Minorani Buxoroda Abu Abdulloh al Jahoniy 918-919 -yil qurdirgan. Bu Minora qulagandan
so‘ng Arslonxon yangi Minora binosini qilishga farmon beradi. Minora qurilishi oxiriga yetmay
qulaydi. Uning o‘rnida avval ham minora bo‘lgan, u qulab tushgach, mustahkam qilib qayta
qurilgan. Minoraning hozirgi ko‘rinishi o‘sha vaqtda bunyod etilgan. O‘z vaqtida Minorai Kalon
yuqoridan kuzatish, hamda aholini namozga chaqirish uchun xizmat qilgan.
Bu davrlarda o’zimizda ham ya’ni O’rta Osiyoda miloddan avvalgi III mingyillikda, ba’zi
ma’lumotlarga ko’ra, X ming yilliklardan boshlangan. Juda ko’p arxeologik qazishmalar bu
yurtda otashparastlar va budda dinlariga mansub bo’lgan ibodatxonalar qurilganligidan dalolat
beradi. O’sha davrlarda qal’alar qurilishi ham keng rivojlangan. Hozirgi kunda ham 400 ga yaqin
qal’alarning qoldiqlari O’zbekiston hududida mavjuddir. Bronza davrida O’zbekiston hududining
janubida Sopollitepa murakkab arxitektura komplekslari vujudga kelgan.
Milodgacha bo’lgan I ming yillikda Baqtriya, So’g’d, Xorazm kabi haqiqiy shaharlar
vujudga kela boshlaydi. Qal’alar yarim doira shaklidagi minoralar, devor ichi yo’llari, tiyrandoz
o’qchilar uchun mo’ljallangn ko’pgina tuynuklar bilan qurila boshlangan. To’g’ri burchakli yoki
doira shakliga ega konstruksiyalar qal’a devorlarini mustahkamlagan. Bunday qurilish
obyektlariga misol qilib, Surxondaryo viloyati hududidagi qadimgi Qiziltepa, Bandixon,
Talashkan va yana boshqa obyektlarni ko’rishimiz mumkin. O’zbek me’morchiligi ham boshqa
me’moriyinshoatlardan farq qiladigan bir inshoat bor, bu IX-X asrlardagi Somoniylar davriga
tegishli hisoblanadi. Aniqroq qilib aytadigan bo’lsak Ismoil Somoniy davrida o’zi uchun qurdirgan
maqbarasi.Uning qurilishi ikki dinni o’zida jaylaydi, yani o’sha davrlarda yurtimizda Islom dini
kirib kelgan bo’lsa ham hali Zardushtiylik diniga etiqot qiluvchilar bor edi. Ismoil Somoniy ikki
tomonga ham maqul keladigan inshoat qurishni buyuradi. Ustalar bu ishni mohirona amalga
oshirganlar. Maqbara g’ishlari shunday o’rnatilganki uzoqdan ochilgan kitobni eslatadi. Bu esa
Islom dini uchun xosdir. Maqbara tepasidagi o’rnatilgan panjaralar quyosh nurini ichkariga
to’g’ridan-to’g’ri tushmasligini tamilaydi. Maqbaraga g’ishlarni bir biriga yopishtirish uchun hech
nimadan foydalanilmagan, g’ishtlar shunday qo’yilganki uni ko’rgan inson hayrat oladi. Mana
bizning moxir quruvchilarimizning zukkoligi.
Xulosa o’rnida shuni aytadigan bo’lsam har bir zamonning yetuk shaxslari bor . Hozirda
ham yurtimizda shunday imoratlar qad ko’taryapdiki ularni ko’rib lol qolasiz, bu zamon talabi ,
shunday ekan har bir davrning o’z talab istaklari mavjud.
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