SIRDARYONING SHOVQINIDA JARANGLAGAN QAHRAMONLIK O’ZGARMAS JASORAT TIMSOLI TEMUR MALIK

2025

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SIRDARYONING SHOVQINIDA JARANGLAGAN QAHRAMONLIK

O’ZGARMAS JASORAT TIMSOLI TEMUR MALIK

Xayrullayev Umidjon

Osiyo xalqaro universiteti

Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi o’qituvchi.

Farhojonova Ziyoda

1-T-24 guruh talabasi.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15294877

Annotatsiya.

Xorazmshohlar davlati o’z davrining buyuk davlatlaridan biri bo’lib, juda

katta sarhadlarga ega bo’lgan. Mo’g’ullar bosqini davrida Xorazm mudofaasi uchun jasorat

ko’rsatgan Temur Malik oz sonli qo’shini bilan ko’p sonli mo’g’ul qo’shiniga qarshi mardonavor

kurashgan.

Kalit so’zlar:

Qizil o’rda, Qizilqum, Jami al – Tawarikh, Terikh-I Rashidiy, “Jaloliddining

hayoti”, “Tuzuk – I Temur“.

Temur Malik – Xorazmshoh Muhammad hukmronligi davrida Xo’jand shahri hokimi

bo’lgan. U Jaloliddin Manguberdiyning eng yaqin safdoshlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Mo’g’ullar

bosqiniga qarshi qo’lida bor kuchi bilan kurash olib brogan bu sarkarda xalqimiz tarixida chin

qahramon sifatida muhrlangan. Ayniqsa, Sirdaryo bo’yidagi janglarda ko’rsatgan jasorati bilan u

butun bir elin faxriga aylangan. Temur Malik o’rni faqatgina jangovor harakatlarda emas, balki xalq

ongida uyg’otgan ozodlik ruhiyatida ham namoyon bo’ladi. Uning jaroti Movaraunnahr xalqlari

orasida qarshilik kayfiyatini kuchaytirgan va mo’g’ullarga bo’ysinmaslik g’oyaaaasini keng

tarqatgan. Bugungi kunda Temur Malikning nomi jasorat, sadoqat va Vatanga muhabbat timsoli

sifatida yodga olinadi. Shuning uchun uning shaxsiyati va kurashlari bugungi avlod uchun ibrat

manbaidir.

Temur Malik (12-asr oxiri 13 asr 1 yarmida) – Xorazmshoh Muhammad hukmronligi

davrida Xo’jand hokimi

1

. 1219 – yil dekabrda 3 kunlik jangdan keyin Banokant egallagan Aloq

no’yon boshliq 5 ming kishilik mo’g’ul qo’shini, Xo’jandni qamal qilishga kirishadi. Temur Malik

Sirdaryo bo’yida bir mustahkam qal’a qurdirgan edi. Mo’g’ul qo’shini son jihatdan ustun bo’lgani

bois shaharni mudofa qilish qiyinlashadi. Natijada, Temur Malik 1000 kishilik otryad bilan 1220

yilning aprelida orolga ko’chib o’tadi va tezlikda qal’ani janggi tayyorlashga kirishadi. Shahar va

qal’a atrofini dushman halqa qilib o’rab oladi. Manjaniq otilgan toshlar orolga yetmagandan so’ng

1

A. S. Sagdullayev “ O’zbekiston tarixi” 1 kitob, Toshkent 2021 yil

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mo’g’ullar xo’jandlik yoshlardan hashar tarzida foydalanishga qaror qiladi. Mo’g’ullarning 20

minga yaqin qo’shini janga kiradi

2

. Temur Malik 12 ta qayiq yasashni buyuradi. Qayiqlardan o’t

o’tmasligi va cho’kmasligi uchun ustini namat bilan qoplab, sirka shimdirilgan loy bilan suvab

chiqadi. Oxir oqibat vaziyat taranglashgach Temur Malik qal’ani tark etishga majbur bo’ladi. U

askarlari ortilgan 70 ta qayiq bilan Sirdaroning quyi oqimiga suzib ketadilar. Mo’g’ul sarkardasi

Ulus Idi Barchilig’kent (Qizil o’rdadan 50 km janubda joylashgan) va Jand yaqinida manjaniqlar

o’rnatib, qayiqlarni bir biriga tutashtirgan holda jasur sarkarda yo’lini to’sadilar

3

. Temur Malik

qirg’oqqa o’tib, dushman bilan jang qiladi. Yolg’iz o’zi Qizilqum cho’li orqali 1220 yilning yozida

Xorazimga yetib keladi. Askar to’plab Jo’jixon qo’shiniga kuchli zarba beradi. Kasba shahrini

mo’g’illardan ozod qiladi. Ammo saltanatda yuzaga kelgan mushkul siyosiy vaziyat tufayli

Xorazimni tark etadi. Temur Malik 1221 – 1232 yillar davomida Sulton Jaloliddin bilan birgalikda

mo’g’ulallarga qarshi kurash olib boradi. Jaloliddin halokatidan keyin o’z yurtiga qaytadi. Ma’lum

vaqtdan so’ng Temur Malik mo’g’ullar tomonidan qo’lga olinadi. va qatl qilinadi. Temur Malikning

shaxsiy hayoti, jumladan oilasi haqida yozma tarixiy manbalarda aniq ma’lumot mavjud emas.

Lekin bazi ma’lumotlarga qaraganda olilasi bo’lishi mumkun degan taxminlar mavjud. 2004 – yilda

Tojikiston Respublikasining Xatlon viloyatidagi tumanlaridan biriga Temurmalik nomi berilgan.

Toshkent shahrining markaziy kochalaridan biri Temur Malik sharafiga nomlangan. Temur Malik

hali ham xalq rivoyatlarida va dostonlarida yashab kelmoqda. Rashid ad – Dinning “Jami al –

Tawarikh (14 asr) 1300 - 1310 yillarda yozilgan. Bu asar mo’g’il imperyasining tarixini o’z ichiga

olaadi. Rashid ad – Dinn Temur Malikning jang maydonidagi jasorati va sarkardalik qobiliyati

haqida malumot keltirilgan.

Mirzo Muhammad Haidar ning “ Terikh-I Rashidiy” ( 16 asr ) 1550 yilda yozilgan. Aasar

Temur Malik janglardagi g’alabalar va uning safdoshlari haqdidagi malumotni o’z ichiga oladi.

Mirmuhsin tomonidan yozilgan “Jaloliddining hayoti” nomli asar ( 20 asrda) yozilgan. Bu asarda

Temur Malikning janglarda tutgan o’rni va uning jang maydonidagi strategiyasi haqida yozadi. “

Tuzuk – I Temur “ . Temur tomonidan 1400 – yilda yoziladi. Bu asarda Temur Malik haqida ro’liq

malumot ketmasa ham. Uning jangdagi muvaffaqiyatlari haqida aytib o’tiladi. Temur Malik -

tarixda o’z jasorati bilan nom qoldirgan sarkarda bo’lishiga qaramay, uning faoliyatiga nisbatan

tanqidiy qarashlar ham mavjud. Bu qarashlar asosan uning jang taktikasi, noaniqligi bilan

bog’liqdir.

1. Xo‘jand mudofaasi va orol qal’asi strategiyasi

2

Mirmuhsin “ Xo’jand qal’asi” asari

3

A. S. Sagdullayev “ O’zbekiston tarixi” 1 kitob, Toshkent 2021 yil

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Temur Malik Xo‘jand shahrini mo‘g‘ullardan himoya qilishda orolda qal’a qurdirib,

dushmanga qarshi kurash olib borgan. Biroq, bu strategiya ba’zi tarixchilarning tanqidiga uchragan.

Ular bu qarorni shaharning asosiy mudofaasini zaiflashtirgan va mo‘g‘ullarga shaharni

egallash imkonini bergan deb hisoblashadi

4

.

2. Xorazmshohlar bilan munosabatlar

Temur Malikning Xorazmshohlar davlatidagi siyosiy vaziyat tufayli Xorazmni tark etishi va

keyinchalik mo‘g‘ullarga qarshi kurashda yolg‘iz qolishi ba’zi tarixchilarning tanqidiga sabab

bo‘lgan. Ular bu holatni uning siyosiy qarorlaridagi zaiflik sifatida ko‘rsatishadi.

Temur Malik — tarix sahifalariga qilichi bilan emas, yuragi va irodasi bilan nom qoldirgan

sarkarda edi. U hayotini emas, Vatanni saqlashni tanladi. Uning har bir qadami, har bir qarori ortida

xalqiga bo‘lgan sadoqat, ozodlikka bo‘lgan cheksiz ishonch yotadi. Mo‘g‘ul bosqinchilari qudratiga

qarshi kurashda u yengilgan bo‘lishi mumkin, ammo ruhiyati, g‘oyasi — g‘alaba qozondi. Bugun

biz Temur Malik janglaridan emas, orzularidan saboq olishimiz kerak. U orzu qilgan erkinlik, u

himoya qilgan Vatan — bugun bizga meros bo‘lib qoldi. Endi bizning navbatimiz — bu merosni

munosib davom ettirish, o‘z bilimimiz, fidoyiligimiz va mehnatimiz bilan tarixga o‘z sahifamizni

yozishdir. Temur Malik jasorati bizga nafaqat faxr, balki mas’uliyat yuklaydi. Zero, tarixni faqat

bilish emas, his etish ham kerak — qalbdan, yurakdan, vijdondan.

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