Том 4 № 13 (2025)

Mazkur maqola ta’lim muassasalarida yosh avlodni milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlarni o’zlashtirishda kreativ qobiliyatning о‘rni va pedagogika-psixologik tavsifi keltirilgan. Kreativlik tushunchasi hamda uning shakllanishi va rivojlanishiga doir zamonaviy tadqiqotlar va yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi.

This thesis explores the concept of the green economy as a pivotal approach to achieving sustainable development, emphasizing the integration of environmental health, social equity, and economic prosperity. It highlights the transformative shift in economic practices towards resource efficiency, renewable energy, and biodiversity conservation, as defined by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The discourse underscores the importance of international treaties, such as the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), in fostering cooperation among nations to address global environmental challenges like climate change and biodiversity loss.

Бугунги кунда мамлакатимиз суд-ҳуқуқ тизимида амалга оширилаётган кенг қамровли ислоҳотларнинг асосий йўналишларидан бири бу жиноят қонунчилигини янада либераллаштириш ва такомиллаштириш ҳисобланади. Амалдаги жиноят қонунчилиги ва суд-тергов амалиётининг таҳлили, жиноят қонунида ўз ечимини кутаётган муаммолар мавжудлигини кўрсатмоқда. Улардан бири, кучли таъсир қилувчи ёки заҳарли моддаларни қонунга хилоф равишда муомалага киритганлик учун жиноий жавобгарлик белгиланган нормаларни амалда қўллашда юзага келаётган муаммолардир. Зеро, ушбу норманинг такомиллаштирилиши келгусида ушбу жиноятга қарши курашишнинг жиноят-ҳуқуқий чораларини такомиллаштиришга хизмат қилади.

The article examines the artistic and stylistic features of women's prose, using the works of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya as an example. It analyzes key elements of the author's style, including lexical tools, thematic focus, and the influence of female identity on shaping her literary approach. Special attention is given to the uniqueness of narrative techniques, psychological depth, and the depiction of female characters, which make Petrushevskaya’s prose distinctive within contemporary Russian literature. The author explores how these specific traits of Petrushevskaya's women’s prose shape the emotional perception of the texts and influence the readership.

In the article road traffic accidents​ come to the exit reason divider main factors, including human​ factor, vehicle technician situation, road infrastructure and external environment impact surrounding analysis This is also​​ problems eliminate to grow according to effective measures offer Research​​ results road​ movement safety increase and unhappy events number to reduce service does.

The prevalence of bilinguals is increasing due to the positive impact of globalization, and the advantages of speaking multiple languages are not just about improved communication skills or access to different cultures or communities. Mastering at least two languages allows people to enhance their overall cognitive functioning, such as executive function, memory, problem-solving skills, and creative thinking. This research explores the correlation between bilingualism and mental abilities, specifically examining how people can enhance their cognitive flexibility by investing in bilingualism, at the same time, it analyzes some challenges associated with the process due to the constant mental exercise of managing multiple languages, emphasizing its significance for lifelong brain and adaptability.

According to the research results, bioaccumulation of lead element was determined in tomato plant bodies. The highest accumulation in tomato roots was observed in the 5-fold contaminated version and was 4.44 mg/kg, 8.88 times higher than the MPC. 1.16 mg/kg, 2.31 times higher than MPC, 1.38 mg/kg, 2.77 times higher than MPC, 3.18 mg/kg, 6.35 times higher than MPC, with 5 times contamination in stem. When tomatoes are grown in soil contaminated with lead, the mass of the root and fruit increases compared to the stem and leaves, resulting in a decrease in the fruit's suitability for consumption.

Turli davlatlarda aromatik uglevodorodlar ishlab chiqarish turli jarayonlarga asoslangan.O‘zbekistonda aromatik uglevodorodlar ishlab chiqarishning asosiy manbalari “Uz-Kor Gas Chemical” MChJ QK tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan piroliz distillyati va “Buxoro neftni qayta ishlash zavodi” MChJ tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan riforming katalizati hisoblanadi. Piroliz distillyatini ekstraktsiya jarayonining iqtisodiga ta'sir qiluvchi asosiy nuqtalardan biri bu erituvchining xom ashyoga nisbatini aniqlaydigan ekstraktorning samaradorligidir.

Tar-mahsulot tarkibidan olingan ko’p yadroli aromatik uglevodorodlar asosida polimetilen  aromatik sulfo kislota sintez qilib olingan .Uglevodorodlar piroliz jarayonida asosiy mahsulot bilan bir qatorda ikkilamchi mahsulotlar (piroliz distillyati, piroliz  moyi va tar mahsulot) ham hosil hosil bo’ladi. Piroliz  jarayonida hosil bo’lgan ikkilamchi mahsulotlar o’z navbatida qayta ishlanib sanoatning turli sohalarida qo’llaniladigan muhim hom ashyolar olinadi.

В данной статье говорится о важности метода «оценка 360 градусов» в анализе социально-психологических компетенций. Также раскрываются особенные аспекты метода «Обучение 360 градусов», который использовался путем опроса экспертов.

Ushbu maqola talabalarda pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanishni takomillashtirishni rivojlantirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan nazariy asoslarni ko‘rib chiqadi. Ushbu tuzilmalar turli sinf ehtiyojlariga tayyor, yuqori sifatli, moslashuvchan o‘qituvchilarni tarbiyalashning asosiy komponentlari sifatida tuzilgan amaliyot, hamkorlik, murabbiylik va mulohaza yuritishni ta’kidlab, o‘qituvchilarni samarali tayyorlashga yo‘naltiriladi.

Uterine fibroids, or leiomyomas, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus that affect a significant proportion of women during their reproductive years. While many fibroids are asymptomatic, symptomatic cases can lead to significant morbidity, including abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and infertility. Traditional treatment options include hysterectomy, myomectomy, and uterine artery embolization (UAE) but their morbidity rate was not satisfactory. Radiofrequency ablation has emerged as a promising technique, offering a minimally invasive approach that targets fibroids directly while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue and uterine integrity. This approach is increasingly recognized for its effectiveness and patient-centered benefits. Radiofrequency ablation of uterine fibroids is a minimally invasive treatment modality for uterine fibroids, offering an effevtive alternative to the traditional surgical interventions. This technique is particularly suitable for women seeking symptom relief with minimal recovery time , desire for future fertility and a low risk of complications.

Improving the practice of using monetary policy instruments, in turn, is important in ensuring the stability of the national currency, prices, balance of payments, liquidity of the banking system and economic growth, development of financial markets, especially stock, capital, securities, money and foreign exchange markets, increasing investment efficiency earns.

bolalar nutqini rivojlantirish erta bolalik ta'limining muhim jihati bo'lib, ularning kognitiv, ijtimoiy va hissiy rivojlanishiga ta'sir qiladi. Yosh bolalar nutqini rivojlantirishni qo'llab-quvvatlash va yaxshilash uchun turli vositalar va usullar ishlab chiqilgan. Ushbu maqola ushbu vositalar va usullarning samaradorligini o'rganadi, o'qituvchilar va ota-onalar uchun eng yaxshi amaliyotlar haqida tushuncha beradi

The Khiva Khanate, a significant political and economic entity in Central Asia from the 16th to the 20th century, played a crucial role in regional trade, agriculture, and handicraft production. The economic structure of the Khiva Khanate was shaped by its geographical location, natural resources, socio-political organization, and external trade relations. The economy was primarily based on agriculture, irrigation systems, caravan trade, and local handicrafts, with landownership patterns and taxation systems deeply influencing economic stability. This thesis examines the distinctive features of the economy of the Khiva Khanate during the Kungrad period, focusing on agriculture, trade, taxation, handicrafts, and external economic relations. It also explores the impact of internal administrative policies and foreign trade on economic development.

The Khiva Khanate, a significant political and economic entity in Central Asia from the 16th to the 20th century, played a crucial role in regional trade, agriculture, and handicraft production. The economic structure of the Khiva Khanate was shaped by its geographical location, natural resources, socio-political organization, and external trade relations. The economy was primarily based on agriculture, irrigation systems, caravan trade, and local handicrafts, with landownership patterns and taxation systems deeply influencing economic stability. This thesis examines the distinctive features of the economy of the Khiva Khanate during the Kungrad period, focusing on agriculture, trade, taxation, handicrafts, and external economic relations. It also explores the impact of internal administrative policies and foreign trade on economic development.

Silibum marianum Gaertn.L., commonly known as milk thistle, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. This study explores its morphological characteristics, ecological adaptations, and pharmacological properties. The plant is widely distributed due to its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Its active compound, silymarin, exhibits significant hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a valuable component in modern pharmacology. Furthermore, its potential applications in agriculture and industry highlight its importance beyond medicinal use. Despite concerns regarding its invasiveness, Silibum marianum contributes to biodiversity and offers numerous health and industrial benefits. Future research is necessary to expand our understanding of its pharmacological and ecological roles.

this article explores the health-improving benefits of action games for elementary school students, highlighting their potential for increasing physical, mental, and social well-being. It discusses how engaging in action-oriented play can contribute to improving motor skills, coordination, and overall fitness among young learners. In addition, the article highlights the cognitive benefits of action games such as problem-solving skills, spatial awareness, and quick decision-making skills. Socially, these games can promote teamwork and communication among peers, encourage positive interactions, and shape social skills. The article concludes by promoting the inclusion of action games in educational settings as a means to support the holistic development of children, while making learning enjoyable and fun.

Ushbu maqolada oliy harbiy ta’lim bilim yurtlarida kursantlar bilan harbiy-pedagogik ta’lim jarayonini olib borishda “Soft Skills” (yumshoq) ko‘nikmalarning ijtimoiy-psixologik xususiyatlari, shuningdek kursantlarda ushbu ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishning ahamiyatli tomonlari yoritib berilgan.

мақола чет давлатлар ҳарбий авиация мутахасисларининг касбий яроқлилик даражасини аниқлаш бўйича тажрибалари таҳлилига, шунингдек жанговар вазифани бажаришга ахлоқий-рухий тайёргарлигини аниқлашга бағишланган. Тарихда Россия мисолида, шунингдeк, Буюк Британия,  АҚШ, Германия, Италия, Франция ҳарбий авиациясида учувчилар таркибини психологик танлов жараёнига ҳамда баҳоланувчи тоифага тегишли табақалаштирилган йўналишни қўлланилишига урғу берилади.

This article explores the diverse roles and symbolic meanings of dogs in ancient literature, examining their portrayals in works from Greece, Rome, Mesopotamia, and the Near East. It focuses on how dogs were depicted as symbols of loyalty, exemplified by Argos in Homer's 'Odyssey,' as guardians and protectors, such as Cerberus in Greek mythology, and as essential companions in hunting and daily life. The article also considers how cultural beliefs and social structures influenced these depictions, highlighting the complex relationship between humans and dogs in ancient societies. Ultimately, it demonstrates how ancient literature provides valuable insights into the enduring bond between humans and canines, revealing their significance beyond mere utility and their deep integration into the cultural narratives of the past.

Engaging passive students in the classroom presents a significant challenge for educators at all levels of the education system. This article explores the underlying causes of student passivity and offers a range of active strategies that educators can employ to foster greater engagement and participation among passive students. The article discusses the importance of understanding individual student needs and motivations, as well as creating an inclusive and interactive learning environment. It also highlights the role of technology, collaborative learning activities, and differentiated instruction in promoting active student participation. By applying these strategies, educators can create a more dynamic and inclusive classroom environment that empowers passive students to become more actively involved in their own learning process.

This research explores modern approaches to measuring the specific heat capacity of solid materials in physics education. Traditional methods, such as calorimetry, often suffer from human error and low accuracy. The study examines how infrared thermography (IRT), AI-assisted data analysis, and digital sensors improve the precision and efficiency of experimental procedures. The results indicate that these advanced tools significantly reduce errors, enhance real-time data processing, and increase student engagement. The study concludes that integrating artificial intelligence and non-contact measurement techniques in physics laboratories can greatly enhance learning outcomes.

Maqolada yurtimizda dual ta’lim shaklining rivojlanish istiqbollari, mazkur yo’nalishda olib borilayotgan ishlar va dual ta’limni rivojlantirish bo’yicha olib borilayotgan ishlar haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Maktabgacha ta’lim yoshidagi bolalarni milliy g‘urur va vatanparvarlik ruhida tarbiyalash muhim vazifalardan biridir. Bu jarayonda Amir Temur shaxsiyati va uning davlat boshqaruvidagi ulkan xizmatlari bolalarga vatanparvarlik, jasorat va mehnatsevarlik kabi fazilatlarni singdirishda katta ahamiyatga ega. Mazkur maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim yoshidagi bolalarni  vatanparvarlik ruhida tarbiyalashda Amir Temur merosining o’rni to’g’risida fikr yuritilgan.

It was improved through an organizational-pedagogical, functional and operational approach in terms of clarifying the priorities of the systematic analysis of the speech therapist's activity, determining the trends of the systematic analysis of correctional pedagogical processes, diagnosing problems, developing the technological support of the "dynamic system" and providing feedback.

Maqolada ustoz-shogirdlik an’analarining hunarmandchilik, xususan, kulolchilik san’ati rivojiga ta’siri yoritiladi. Amaliy san’at ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalarida qadriyatlarni shakllantirish, shuningdek, kulolchilik buyumlarining yaratilish tarixi va texnologik jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Misr, Xitoy va O‘zbekiston kulolchilik maktablari hamda ularning amaliy san’atga qo‘shgan hissasi muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada zamonaviy hunarmandchilik rivoji, texnologik yangiliklar va ta’lim jarayonida innovatsion yondashuvlar haqida ham fikr yuritiladi.

Mazkur maqola O’zbek tilshunosligi va adabiyotshunosligi muommolariga hususan,lingvopoetik masalalariga e’tibor qaratadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi O’zbek sheriyatidagi lingvopoetikaning paydo bo’lishi va uning rivojlanishiga munosabat bildirishdan iborat.

Innovatsion faoliyatni boshqarish tizimiga omillarning ta'sirini aniqlashda, Namangan viloyati innovatsion faoliyat boshqaruv tizimi xodimlari so’rovnomasi orqali baholash.

Bu maqolada jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy muammolarni hal qilish va aholining turli qatlamlariga yordam berish jarayonida ijtimoiy ish xodimlarining kasbiy faoliyati muhim o‘rin tutadi. Ijtimoiy ish inson huquqlarini himoya qilish, adolatni qaror toptirish va muhtoj insonlarga yordam ko‘rsatishga qaratilgan. Ushbu jarayonda ijtimoiy ish mutaxassislarining kasbiy etikasi va professional qadriyatlari asosiy tamoyillardan biri hisoblanadi. Chunki aynan kasbiy etika me’yorlariga rioya qilish, insonparvarlik, adolat, hamdardlik va betaraflik kabi qadriyatlarga sodiq qolish ijtimoiy ish faoliyatining samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

This article highlights the role and importance of extra-curricular music club activities in the education of students and young people. Music clubs are an important tool for forming children's aesthetic taste, educating them in the spirit of respect for national and universal values, and developing musical thinking. The article also analyzes the possibilities of developing creativity, teamwork skills, and meaningful organization of free time through club activities. The educational, aesthetic, and social functions of music clubs are revealed through practical examples.

Currently, pyelonephritis, as a nonspecific microbial-inflammatory disease of the renal calyceal-pelvic system and tubulointerstitial kidney tissue, has a high prevalence among the pediatric population. Primarily, pyelonephritis, although less common than lower urinary tract infections, poses a serious threat to children's health and, in severe cases, can lead to kidney damage and the development of chronic kidney disease [3,6]. The high prevalence of severe complications of pyelonephritis, such as nephrosclerosis, kidney failure, and renal arterial hypertension, justifies the need for timely early diagnosis and prevention of this disease in children and adolescents. The outcome of chronic pyelonephritis (CP) depends on early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy [2,5].

Ushbu maqola davlat qarzi, uning sabablari, iqtisodiyotga ta’siri haqida ma’lumot beradi. Qarz yig‘ilishiga olib keluvchi omillar, byudjet taqchilligi, iqtisodiy inqirozlar, fiskal boshqaruvdagi muammolar, shuningdek, ortiqcha qarzning oqibatlari, inflyatsiya kabi masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Eng katta va kichik davlat qarziga ega davlatlar taqqoslab o‘rganiladi. O‘zbekistonning davlat qarzi bo‘yicha statistik ma’lumotlar tahlil qilinadi.

Bul maqalada naqıl hám jumbaqlar janrınıń baslawısh mektep oqıwshılar ushın áhmiyeti, olardı úyreniw sonday aq bul janrlarǵa tán tekstler ústinde islew haqqında maǵlıwmat berilgen.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы правовой защиты и коммерциализации интеллектуальной собственности (ИС) в Республике Узбекистан. Анализируются нормативно-правовые акты, регулирующие данную сферу, включая Гражданский кодекс, Закон «Об авторском праве и смежных правах», Закон «О товарных знаках, знаках обслуживания и наименованиях мест происхождения товаров» и другие. Особое внимание уделяется механизму коммерциализации ИС, включая использование в качестве вклада в уставный капитал, передачу прав на возмездной основе, использование в качестве залога и защиту от недобросовестной конкуренции. Рассматриваются проблемы правоприменительной практики и предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию законодательства, направленные на усиление защиты интеллектуальных прав и развитие инновационной экономики в Узбекистане.

Мақолада фуқаролик ҳуқуқида васиятноманинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари ёритилади. Битимларнинг бир томонлама, икки томонлама ва кўп томонлама турларидан бири сифатида васиятнома бир томоннинг, яъни васият қилувчининг иродаси билан тузилиши ва унинг вафотидан сўнг кучга кириши тушунтирилади. Шунингдек, васиятномани бир томонлама ёки икки томонлама битим сифатида таснифлаш бўйича турли назарий ёндашувлар кўриб чиқилади. Хусусан, С.Н. Рождественский томонидан илгари сурилган назариялар ва уларнинг фуқаролик қонунчилигидаги ўрни баҳоланади. Мақолада, шунингдек, васиятноманинг асосий белгилари, шахсий ва расман расмийлаштириш талаблари ҳам батафсил таҳлил қилинади. Васиятномани қонуний ҳужжат сифатида таснифлаш, унинг фуқаролик ҳуқуқидаги ўрни ва аҳамияти юридик нуқтаи назардан ёритиб берилади.

В современных условиях, наличие глобальной проблемы борьбы с преступностью, предполагает совершенствование технологии взаимодействия между экспертными подразделениями и органами следствия имеющее особое значение в расследовании особо тяжких преступлений, при совершении которых применяется огнестрельное оружие или взрывчатые вещества и, следовательно, в обязательном порядке назначаются и проводятся баллистические экспертизы.

The origin of wood carving, the dynamics of its management, the uniqueness of wood carving decorations and techniques, and the use of grids in architecture were covered. The combination of architectural and wood carving was continued after this event.

Кишилик жамиятида ижтимоий хавфли қилмишлар содир этилган дастлабки даврларданоқ уларнинг олдини олишга қаратилган одат нормалари билан бирга илк таълимотлар ҳам шаклланган.

This study examines the effectiveness of Content-Based Learning (CBL) in teaching English to students in non-philological fields. Integrating subject-specific content with language instruction, CBL offers a contextualized approach that enhances language proficiency and subject comprehension. The article reviews recent studies (2020-2025) on CBL implementation, analyzes its impact on student motivation and language skills, and proposes strategies for its effective application in non-philological disciplines.