This article describes how student-teacher relationships are reflected in foreign psychology.
The article examines the issues of export-import of food products in the republic and provides an analysis of the current situation. Based on the results of research and analysis, proposals and recommendations were developed for the development of export-import of food products.
Talabalarni texnik ijodkorlik faoliyatiga tayyorlash jarayonidagi mavjud psixologo–pedagogik muammolar (ijodkorlikka o‘rgatishning samarali metodlarini ishlab chiqish, talabalarda ijodiy qobiliyatni rivojlantirish, inson omilini faollashtirish, Shaxs shakllanishi jarayonining psixologik xususiyatlarini tahlil qilish) ularning faolligini oshirish va maqsad sari yo‘naltirish, undan esa ijodkorlik faoliyatga boshqarish borasida tahliliy xulosalar keltirilgan.
Pedagogik faoliyatda kasbiy motivlarning barqarorligi muhim ahamiyat kasb etib, uni rivojlantirish faoliyat turi bilan bog‘liq ko‘plab muvaffaqqiyatlarni ta’minlashi ehtimoldan holi emas. Xizmat faoliyatida motivlar rolini oshirish xuddi, tashkilotlarnikidek ma’lum bir qonuniyatga bo‘ysunadi.
This monograph contains the results of the implementation, within the framework of experimental training, of the methodology developed by the author in the process of studying the issue of linguodidactic features of consecutive two-way interpretation. The monograph describes the prerequisites for the study, options for interpreting the term "interpretation", as well as some psycholinguistic features and characteristics of the mechanisms of consecutive interpretation activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the fundamental changes taking place in various areas of our society have led to the need to improve the quality of professional training of qualified specialists - namely, competent consecutive interpreters. The purpose of the monograph is to show the effectiveness of the developed methodology by describing the results of experimental testing of students of senior (3-4) courses at translation faculties of language universities. Particular attention is paid to mathematical analysis and calculation of results. Theoretical methods used are as follows: the study and analysis of pedagogical, psychological psycholinguistic literature, literature on the issues of speech, creative and cognitive activity, literature on the theory and practice of translation, analysis of the content of teaching consecutive translation at the senior courses of a language university; empirical - observation of the educational process at the Faculty of Translation; student testing; questioning of teachers and students; conducting a teaching experiment, systematization and generalization of experimental data, their interpretation. The results of the study are that, to some extent, the specifics of consecutive two-way interpretation are disclosed, the mechanisms of memory work in the process of translation are described, the results of using the method of teaching consecutive interpretation developed by the author in conditions close to real by using it in teaching senior students (3- 4) at language universities. The author's view on teaching consecutive interpretation will be of interest to specialists both in the field of translation studies and in the field of methodology.
The “gut-brain axis” is a bi-directional system of interaction between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which consists of closely related neural and humoral pathways. There is now evidence, mainly from animal studies using gnotobiological models and by irritating the microbiota with antibacterial drugs, that gut bacteria are important in the gut-brain axis, acting here as modulators, and signaling pathway intermediaries.
Imo-ishora, Mimika, Pantomimika,Exologik, ya‘ni aks sado, Signifikatsiya, Daktilogik (barmoq nutqi). Inson er yuzasidan hayot va faoliyat ko΄rsatish davrining dastlabki pallasida asosiy nutq turi sifatida imo-ishora alohida ahamiyat kasb etgan. SHuning uchun etnik stereotiplar asosida muayyan kechinmalarni, ma‘lum axborotlarni shaxslararo munosabat jarayonida uzatish va qabul qilishda ifodalanuvchi tovushsiz, lekin ma‘noli, mazmunli nutq turi imo-ishorali nutq deyiladi. Masalan, o ΄zbeklarda fikrni tasdiqlash old tomonga bosh siltash bilanifodalansa, xuddi shu ma‘noni bulg΄ orlarda boshni sarak-sarak qilish anglatib keladi. Bir xalqda sanash boshmoldoqdan boshlansa, boshqasida jimjiloqdan, birisida barmoqlar bukilsa, ikkinchisida unday qilinmaydi. Aksariyat hollarda imo-ishora his-tuyg ΄usiz namoyon bo ΄ladi va shaxslararo munosabatning tub ma‘nodagi ham quroli, ham vositasi funksiyasini bajarib kelgan. Lekin uni his-tuyg ΄usiz deb nomlash ham ilmiy amaliy qiymatini pasayishiga olib keladi, bu holat uning ijtimoiy funksiyani o ΄zida aks ettiradi, shaxslararo munosabat mag ΄zini tashkil etib kelgan, ba‘zida hozirgi zamonda ham undan keng ko ΄lamda foydalaniladi.
Ushbu maqolada keltirilgan zamonaviy adabiyotda qo‘llanuvchi interfaol metodlar ta‘lim oluvchi talabalarda tahsil davomida ijodiy, tanqidiy, pozitiv, mustaqil fikrlash qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirib yetuk mutaxassis bo‘lishlarida qanchalik muhim omil ekanligi ko‘rsatilgan. Hozirgi zamonaviy oliy o‘quv yurtlaridagi interfaol metodlar, innovatsion texnologiyalarni o’quv jarayonida foydalanishga, qollashga bolgan qiziqish, e’tibor kundan-kunga kuchayib bormoqda. Ushbu metodlarning o‘ziga xosligi shundaki, ular pedagog va talabalarning birgalikda faoliyat olib borishlari orqali yuzaga keladi.
Ushbu maqolamizda tilshunoslikning muhim va dolzarb yo‘nalishlatidan biri “Pragmalingvistika ” haqida so‘z yuritilgan. Maqolamizda bu yo‘nalishning asosiy yondashuv va kategoriyalarini ochib berishga harakat qildik. Bu yo‘nalish ,avvalambor, chet tilshunoslari tomonidan fanga alohida oqim sifatida olib kirilganligi va pragmalingvistikaga turli tomondan qarashlari ochib berilgan. Ularning qarashlari va fikr-mulohazalari maqolamizdan joy olgan. Ishimizda pragmalingvistika tadqiqot usuli: asosiy yo‘ndashuvlar va kategoriyalari tadqiqqa tortilgan.
Аналогия – это сходство, регулярность, тождество, повторяемость элементов между двумя объектами. К вопросам о существовании аналогии и её значению уделяется внимание, начиная с древних времен. Например, в учении Демокрита мы можем увидеть что, аналогия помогла ему создать идею об атомном строении. Об этом говорит свидетельство Аристотеля, который излагая взгляды Демокрита и Левкина, пишет: «Атомы имеют сходство с теми пылинками, которые видны в полосе света, входящей через окна: рассеянные повсюду, они суть элемента, из которых состоит вся природа. Подобным же образом учит и Левкиш» [1]
В нынешнюю эпоху глобализации Чайный торговый путь вносит большой вклад в объединение различных народов, стран и культур. Принимая во внимание положительное влияние чая на организм человека, с целью популяризации этого напитка и дальнейшего развития чайной индустрии с 2005 года 15 декабря отмечается как «Международный день чая». Признавая
важное культурное и экономическое значение чая во всем мире, в 2019 г. Генеральная Ассамблея Организации Объединенных Наций провозгласила 21 мая «Международным днем чая» [1]. отмечая, что его производство и переработка способствуют сокращению масштабов крайней нищеты, борьбе с голодом, расширению прав и возможностей женщин (именно они являются основными сборщиками чайного листа) и рациональному использованию земных экосистем.
Одной из актуальных проблем современной педиатрической ревматологии является лечения и реабилитация ювенильных ревматоидных артритов (ЮРА), удельный вес которых значительно вырос среди детского населения в последние десятилетия. Неудовлетворенность результатами применения классических методов физической реабилитации при ЮРА стимулирует изучение альтернативных приемов физического воздействие, таких как интенсивные физические тренировки и интервальная гипоксическая терапия
The article discusses the life and career of Siddiqi Ajzi, an enlightened writer and educator who lived and worked in the second half of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, which was extremely difficult and controversial for the peoples of Turkestan. Comments on the selflessness, perseverance and hard work of this writer in the development of the enlightenment of our people, the development of social consciousness. The article also comments on almost all the work done in the nearly one hundred years since Siddiqi-Ajzi's death to study the writer's life and work. Their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. Siddiqui-Ajzi was one of the most active representatives of the social, cultural, intellectual and national revival movement in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.