IBN ARABIY ASARLARINING G‘OYAVIY TAHLILI VA TASAVVUF FALSAFASIDAGI O‘RNI

192

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 9

IBN ARABIY ASARLARINING G‘OYAVIY TAHLILI VA TASAVVUF

FALSAFASIDAGI O‘RNI

Yarashova Mohlaroyim Shuxrat qizi

mohlaroyimyarashova@gmail.com

Osiyo Xalqaro universiteti Ijtimoiy

Fanlar va texnika fakulteti Xorijiy til va ijtimoiy fanlar kafedrasi o’qituvchisi.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17115403

Annotatsiya.

Ushbu maqolada buyuk mutasavvif va faylasuf Ibn Arabiy (1165

–

1240)

ning asosiy asarlari

—

“Al

-Futuhat al-

Makkiyya”, “Fusus al

-

Hikam”, “Tarjumon al

-

Ashwaq”

hamda boshqa risolalari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Har bir asarning g‘oyaviy asoslari, tasavvuf
falsafasidagi o‘rni va amaliy ahamiyati ilmiy nuqtai nazardan yoritildi. Ibn Arabiyning vahdat

al-vujud konsepsiyasi, ilohiy ishq falsafasi va hikmatlar nazariyasi alohida sharhlandi.

Kalit so‘zlar:

Ibn Arabiy, tasavvuf, vahdat al-vujud, ilohiy ishq, Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya,

Fusus al-Hikam, Tarjumon al-Ashwaq, inson-i komil, hikmat falsafasi.

Kirish.

Tasavvuf falsafasi tarixida Ibn Arabiy o‘z asarlari bilan alohida mavqe egallaydi.

U vahdat al-vujud konsepsiyasi orqali borliqni Allohning yagona tajallisi sifatida talqin

qildi, insonni esa ilohiy sifatlarning mukammal mazhariga tenglashtirdi. Ibn Arabiy ko‘plab

asarlar yozgan, ammo ular orasida uch asar tasavvuf falsafasining poydevori sifatida qaraladi:

“Al

-Futuhat al-

Makkiyya”

,

“Fusus al

-

Hikam”

va

“Tarjumon al

-

Ashwaq”

. Quyida ushbu

asarlar g‘oyaviy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi.

1. “Al

-Futuhat al-

Makkiyya” —

Ensiklopedik tasavvuf manbai

Asarning mohiyati.

37 jilddan iborat ushbu asar Ibn Arabiyning tasavvuf haqidagi eng

mukammal falsafiy qarashlarini o‘zida mujassamlashtiradi. Kitobda Qur’on oyatlari ramziy

talqin qilinib, borliqning metafizik manzarasi chiziladi.

Asosiy g‘oyalar

•

Vahdat al-vujud

—

barcha mavjudot yagona Allohdan kelib chiqqan.

•

Insan-i komil

—

inson ilohiy sifatlarning to‘la ifodasi.

•

Kosmik tuzilish

—

Lahut, Jabarut, Malakut, Nasut kabi olamlarning tavsifi.

•

Ruhiy sayr

—

orifning Allohga yaqinlashish bosqichlari.

Ilmiy tahlil.

Bu asar tasavvufning nazariy asoslarini tizimlashtiradi. Ibn Arabiy Qur’on

oyatlarini falsafiy sharhlab, mavjudotning barcha darajalarini yagona borliq konsepsiyasi bilan
birlashtiradi. Ruhiy kamolot jarayoni batafsil metodologik asoslangan.

2. “Fusus al

-

Hikam” —

Hikmatlar falsafasi

Asarning mohiyati.

Kitob 27 bobdan iborat bo‘lib, har biri Qur’onda tilga olingan

payg‘ambar bilan bog‘liq bir hikmatni tahlil qiladi. Ibn Arabiy bu hikmatlarni metafizik darajada
tushuntirib, payg‘ambarlarni ilohiy haqiqat ramzi sifatida talqin qiladi.

Asosiy g‘oyalar

•

Payg‘ambarlar ilohiy haqiqatning zohiriy ko‘rinishlari

.

•

Odam

—

borliq sirlari

,

Muhammad

—

jami’ hikmat

.

•

Haqiqat bosqichlari

—

har bir hikmat ilohiy haqiqatning qirrasi.

Ilmiy tahlil.

“Fusus al

-

Hikam” tasavvuf falsafasini Qur’on asosida ramziy talqin

qilishning mukammal namunasi bo‘ldi. Ibn Arabiyga ko‘ra, Muhammad payg‘ambar barcha
hikmatlarni o‘zida mujassamlashtirgan eng mukammal insondir. Bu konsepsiya keyinchalik
Sharq falsafasi, ayniqsa Jomiy va Navoiy ijodiga ta’sir ko‘rsatdi.

193

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 9

3. “Tarjumon al

-

Ashwaq” —

Ilohiy ishq falsafasi

Asarning mohiyati.

She’riy to‘plam bo‘lib, zohirda dunyoviy ishq haqida yozilgan

g‘azallarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Aslida esa unda ilohiy ishq va ruhning Allohga intilishi ifodalangan.

Asosiy g‘oyalar

•

Ilohiy ishq

—

borliqning harakatlantiruvchi kuchi.

•

Ramz va ishqiy obrazlar

—

ma’naviy haqiqatlarni yashirish.

•

Zohir va botin uyg‘unligi

—

tashqi ishq ichki ma’rifatning ko‘rinishi.

Ilmiy tahlil.

Bu asar tasavvufiy she’riyatning yuksak namunasi hisoblanadi. Ibn Arabiy

ishqni kosmik jarayonning mohiyati sifatida talqin qiladi. Keyinchalik bu tushuncha tasavvuf
adabiyotida asosiy mavzuga aylandi.

4. Boshqa asarlar

•

“Ruh al

-

Quds”

—

shayxlar maqomlari va ruhiy holatlari haqida.

•

“Kitab al

-

Isfar”

—

ruhiy sayohatlar falsafasi.

•

“Insha al

-

Dawa’ir”

—

kosmik doiralar metafizikasi.

Xulosa.

Ibn Arabiy asarlari tasavvuf falsafasining mukammal nazariy tizimini yaratdi.

“Al

-Futuhat al-

Makkiyya” ensiklopedik manba sifatida, “Fusus al

-

Hikam” hikmat falsafasi

sifatida, “Tarjumon al

-

Ashwaq” esa ishq falsafasining badiiy tal

qini sifatida tarixda muhrlandi.

Ularning barchasi tasavvufni amaliy soha bo‘lishdan chiqib, chuqur falsafiy

-gnoseologik

tizimga aylantirdi.

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IBN ARABIY “VAHDATUL VUJUD” TAʼLIMOTINING

FALSAFIY ASOSLARI VA AHAMIYATI.

Ижтимоий

-

гуманитар

фанларнинг

долзарб

муаммолари

Актуальные

проблемы

социально

-

гуманитарных

наук

Actual Problems of

Humanities and Social Sciences., 5 (2). pp. 198-202. ISSN 2181-1342