No. 4 (2025) UNIVERSAL INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

This article examines the importance of applying art pedagogy in interdisciplinary integration for primary school teachers. The article examines the role of art pedagogy in the modern education system, methodological approaches for teachers, and the role of interdisciplinary integration in pedagogical activity. The study analyzed how the integration of art and education by primary school teachers affects the cognitive and emotional development of students. The study determined the importance of art pedagogy in increasing students' creative thinking, emotional skills, and academic achievements

Uzbeks are famous for being very organized and creative people in holding wedding ceremonies, parties, walks, and various holidays. A people who have replaced rest and relaxation with leisure. The musical heritage of the Uzbek people, dating back to ancient times, continues to resonate in our days with its folk songs, diverse genres, and rich visual means. The songs also reflect such qualities as eloquence, resourcefulness, and perseverance characteristic of the people

This article presents the importance of pear leaves in folk medicine and the results of determining the content of water-soluble vitamins in the leaves of the Nashvati pear variety grown in Uzbekistan using a high-performance liquid chromatograph LC-40 Nexera Lite manufactured by the Japanese company Shimadzu

These studies serve to expand the possibilities of using sage as an innovative and effective natural medicine in the pharmaceutical and food industries

The article examines the issue of automating drug dosing in pediatrics, one of the most sensitive areas of medicine, using an expert system. An expert system was created that offers solutions for various calculation methods using algorithms built on the basis of a production model that studies existing formulas and types of drug dosages in this area

Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among women globally and is also a significant problem in the healthcare system in Uzbekistan. This article provides a scientifically based analysis of the epidemiology, etiological factors, diagnostic methods, and modern approaches to treatment of breast cancer. According to data, 4,454 new cases were recorded in Uzbekistan in 2020, and early detection and treatment effectiveness have significantly improved with the introduction of screening programs and genetic tests. Among the risk factors, hereditary predisposition (BRCA1/2 mutations), hormonal imbalance, lifestyle, and environmental factors play an important role. Mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy are used as the main methods in diagnostics, while surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal, and targeted therapies are used as an integrated approach in treatment. The article also highlights the importance of preventive measures and screening programs implemented within the framework of the Uzbekistan-2030 strategy in the Uzbek healthcare system. The results of the study indicate the need to adapt innovative technologies and international experience to local conditions in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the primary pests affecting apple orchards, focusing on their biological characteristics, developmental cycles, and ecological impacts. Key pests, including the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea), leaf miner (Phyllonorycter blancardella), apple aphid (Aphis pomi), and spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), are examined. Each pest’s life cycle, reproductive patterns, and environmental preferences are detailed, highlighting their seasonal activity and damage mechanisms on apple trees. The codling moth, for instance, produces 2–3 generations annually, with larvae overwintering in soil or bark, while the apple aphid exhibits rapid reproduction under warm, humid conditions. The study emphasizes integrated pest management strategies, combining biological, chemical, and cultural methods to mitigate economic losses in apple production. This work contributes to the understanding of pest dynamics in temperate agroecosystems and supports sustainable orchard management practices.

This article studies the types of insects damaging pear trees, their biological characteristics and impact on the agrocenosis. The main attention is paid to pests common in pear plantations in Uzbekistan, including pear borers (Cydia pomonella), pear worms (Phyllonorycter blancardella) and aphids (Aphididae). The article analyzes the economic losses caused by pests and considers the environmental factors affecting their spread. It also discusses in detail the integrated pest control methods, in particular, biological (use of beneficial insects), chemical (optimal doses of pesticides) and agrotechnical (crop rotation, sanitary measures) methods. The study emphasizes the importance of using modern monitoring technologies and environmentally safe methods to develop effective pest control strategies. The article is of practical importance for specialists, farmers and researchers in the field of fruit growing in Uzbekistan and serves to develop sustainable agricultural practices.

This article analyzes the problems of strengthening and regulating participation in international economic integration processes, exchange rates and the specific features of Uzbekistan's currency policy, and makes proposals for the effective use of the impact of monetary and financial relations on the economies of developing countries.

This in the article local budget their income perspective forecasting and planning regions development socio-economic indicators to be based on the influence of local budgets income base increase their formation effective their ways being in search find, also, this is the problem solution budget their income formation and one in rhythm income incomes in providing, effective order to plant from methods in practice wide use, and local budgets their income increases go first next, budget their travel in financing periodic cash register breaks prevent take, local budget financial stability if it provides, second from the region socio-economic in development important importance profession growth problems and solutions is cited.

As is known, the Concept for the Development of Public Education until 2030 has been approved. The first clause of this document outlines Uzbekistan’s participation in the international PISA study and sets a targeted goal of joining the top 30 countries by 2030. In other words, a strategic task has been defined for the education system.

Today, developed countries around the world are paying special attention to improving the quality of education and ensuring meaningful participation in international assessment processes. The Republic of Uzbekistan is also undertaking a range of positive initiatives to develop the skills necessary for working with tasks within the frameworks of international assessment programs such as PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS, aimed at preparing for participation in international studies.

This article analyzes the formation, main representatives and ideas of ancient Greco-Roman philosophical schools. The historical and social conditions of each school, its specific approaches and influence on modern philosophy are considered. The philosophy of ancient times is interpreted as an important intellectual heritage that served as the basis for today's culture of thought.

The purpose of the article is to consider the inheritance of the length and yield of fiber in F1 hybrids of cotton when crossing local varieties of cotton (with white fiber) with varieties of naturally colored fiber. It was found that the inheritance of fiber length is carried out by the mechanism of intermediate inheritance. In terms of yield and fiber length, the first generation of hybrids does not yet give an idea of the full nature of the trait. In general, almost all hybrid combinations had average indicators for traits. But for both traits, varieties and hybrids are variable. Especially for the fiber length trait, heterogeneity is noticeable. It should be noted that the variety samples with colored fibers do not have a high value for fiber length. But, despite this, the resulting hybrids had positive indicators and this shows that the trait is rarely inherited intermediately, mainly unlimited indicators for the first generation.

This article examines current issues of business process organization, the role of business processes in project management, the features of business processes and their stages, as well as the features of project management stages.

This article discusses one of the most common pressing issues among educators. That is, it is briefly explained that educators try to maintain a balance in their work and personal life, to work in an ideal image both at work and at home, and to succumb to stress due to some obstacles.

Motor abilities are a combination of psychophysical and morphological human properties that meet the requirements of any muscle activity. The basis of human motor abilities is physical qualities, and the form of manifestations is motor skills. In biomechanics, 5 basic physical qualities are distinguished: dexterity, speed, endurance, flexibility and strength

The article focuses on improving methods for solving complex problems and exercises in chemistry education within specialized schools. It analyzes modern pedagogical approaches, digital tools, and interactive methods aimed at developing students’ problem-solving skills. Within the context of Uzbekistan’s education system, strategies for enhancing teacher qualifications, personalizing the learning process, and increasing student motivation are explored. The article promotes the adoption of effective teaching methods in chemistry to foster students’ scientific thinking and analytical abilities

This article discusses the tasks of the discipline of engineering psychology, the purpose of teaching engineering psychology at technical universities. There is also brief information on traditional and research methods of engineering psychology. Several examples of the application of some educational methods currently used in education in technical universities are given. The advantages of interactive and artificial intelligence-assisted education from modern methods play an important role in the manifestation and development of students' professional abilities. The human-technical system helps technical students to acquire and actively pursue their profession in the future. Because most areas of technical universities require working with technology. This, in turn, means that each employee or specialist must be able to work with technology, that is, to know the relationship between technology and man, the functions and place of both subjects. This discipline teaches such problems, that is, the human-technical system. The use of artificial intelligence in teaching engineering psychology will increase the effectiveness of this subject and help students understand the topics quickly. In many areas, artificial intelligence is easy to work with, easy to use, and has high results. Accordingly, the requirements have increased.

This article analyzes non-bank credit organizations operating in Uzbekistan, their characteristics, as well as statistical data on non-bank credit organizations operating today in our republic

Ushbu maqola etakchilik psixologiyasining dolzarb muammolarini yoritish va ularga yechim topishga qaratilgan. Shuningdek, u muvaffaqiyatli rahbarlarning xususiyatlarini va ularning mas'uliyatini tahlil qiladi

This article analyzes the pedagogical and psychological aspects of developing information culture among adolescents through interactive learning resources and multimedia tools. The study examines the impact of multimedia tools and interactive methods on students’ motivation, information culture, and creative thinking skills, and demonstrates their effectiveness in the educational process. The results of the research confirm the significance of multimedia and interactive methods in developing students’ information processing and independent thinking skills

In this article, opinions are expressed about the successful development of speech only on the basis of mastering the system of mental activity. It was mentioned that oral speech is relatively formed in the process of transition from the primary grade to the 5th grade. Therefore, the article shows that it is very easy to develop the speech of children of small school age through fairy tales, and the vocabulary of the student increases when the speech is developed in this way

This article examines the importance of modern pedagogical technologies and psychological approaches in shaping the motivation of younger school-age children in inclusive education. It highlights the significance of pedagogical methods that take into account the motivation and needs of students in the implementation of inclusive education. The article analyzes the fundamental principles of inclusive education, as well as the role of modern pedagogical technologies and psychological approaches in motivational processes. Based on research findings, effective methods and suggestions for fostering motivation in inclusive education are provided

The article considers influence of the social capital on the firm development of society and the sources of its growing. It is shown its dualistic nature as a resource and institutional environment of society, connection with a human capital

Tashkent's educational services market has been showing dynamic growth in recent years and plays a key role in shaping the region's human capital