ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
228
QADIMGI DUNYO AFSONALARI
Tursuntoshova Sabrina Toshpòlot qizi
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti talabasi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10800812
Annontatsiya.
Maqola qadimgi yunon va rim afsonaviy xudolari haqida bo’lib unda aholi
tomonidan o’ylab topilgan afsonalar va haqiqatlar yashiringan bo’lib, aholi o’zi yaratgan
afsonarlar orqali xudolarga sig’inib keladi.
Kalit so’zlar:
Zevs, Kron, Reya, Demetra Appalon, Ares, Gerakl, Reya, Persey, Xera,
Olimp tog’i, Afsonlar, Tartar, xudolar, qurbonlik, qonunlar.
LEGENDS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
Abstract.
The article is about ancient Greek and Roman mythical gods, in which legends
and truths invented by the population are hidden, and the population worships the gods through
the myths they have created.
Key words:
Zeus, Cronus, Rhea, Demeter Appalon, Ares, Heracles, Rhea, Perseus, Hera,
Mount Olympus, Legends, Tartarus, gods, sacrifice, laws.
ЛЕГЕНДЫ ДРЕВНЕГО МИРА
Аннотация.
В статье речь идет о древнегреческих и римских мифических богах, в
которых сокрыты придуманные населением легенды и истины, а население поклоняется
богам посредством созданных ими мифов.
Ключевые слова:
Зевс, Кронос, Рея, Деметра Аппалон, Арес, Геракл, Рея, Персей,
Гера, Олимп, Легенды, Тартар, боги, жертвоприношения, законы.
Zevs - yunon afsonalarida oliy xudo, xudolar va odamlar hukumdori. Kronos va Reaning
o’g’li. Xudolarning uchunchi avlodiga mansub. Tartarda o’z otasi va boshqa titanlarni yengib,
Olimp tog’ida hukumron bolgandan keyin asta-sekin olamni qaytadan tuzadi, xudolarni yaratadi,
qonunlarni chiqaradi, tartib o’rnatadi, fan, san’at, axloq meyyorlari va boshqalarni joriy etadi.
Xudolarni irodasini va yaxshi niyyatlarini ro’yobga chiqaruvchi ko’plab qaxramonlar (Gerakl,
Persey) ning otasi.
Zevs Kron va Reyaning o’g’li. Kron juda shavqatsiv xudo bo’lib xattoki o’g’illarini ham
ayamaydi. Kron Reyaga o’g’illarini olib kelishini aytadi Kron shafqatsizlarcha o’z farzandalarini
yutmoqda edi. Reya bolalarini taqdirini ko’rib dahshatga tushdi Kron allaqachon Xestiya,
Demetra, Xera, Aid, (Xades) va Poseydonni yani beshtasini yutib yuboradi.
Reya so’ngi bolasini ham yo’qotishni istamas edi. Ota-onalari Uran-osmon va Geya-
yerning maslaxatiga binoan kirit oroliga keladi va chuqur bir g’orda uning kenja o’g’li Zevs
dunyoga keldi.
O’sha orolda Reya bolasini zolim otadan yashirib unga yo’rgakka o’ralgan toshni berib
yuboradi, Kron xotini aldaganidan mutlaqo shubxalanmasdan, toshni yutar edi.
G’oyat go’zal va qudratli xudo Zevs o’sib-ulg’aydi, voyaga yetdi. U otasiga bosh kutardi
va uni yutib yuborgan bolalarini qaytadan dunyoga keltrishga majbur qildi. Kron o’z bolalari-
xudolarni birin-ketin og’izidan chiqardi. Ular dunyoga hukmronlik qilish uchun Kron va titanlar
bilan kurash boshlashdi. Pirovardida qudratliroq titanlar sarosimaga tushib qolishdi. Ular xoldan
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
229
toyib, mag’lub bo’lishdi. Olimp posbonlari ularni iskanjaga olib, zim-ziyo Tartar-yer qaridan bir
umirga chiqmaydigan qilishdi. Shunday qilib dunyoda titanlar hukmronligiga chek qo’yildi.
Ares Otashin yashin chaqnatar, urush xudosi, Zevs va Xeraning o’g’li. Zevs uni
yoqtirmaydi. U o’z o’g’lini Olimp mabudalari orasida izza qilib, sen mabudalar o’rtasidagi eng
manfurisan deb xaqorat qiladi. Zevs o’z o’g’lidan uning qonxo’rligi uchun nafratlanadi. Agar Ares
uning o’g’li bo’lmaganida edi, uni allaqachon titanlar azobchekayotgan do’zax tartarga irqitardi.
Ares badjaxil, beraxim, zolim, ammo u hamisha ham g’alaba nashidasidan baxramand
bo’lavermaydi . Ares jang maydonida ko’pincha Zevisning jangovor qizi Afina-Palladaga tan
beradi. U Aesni donolik va shuur qudrati bilan yengadi.
Apollon yorug’lik mabudi oltin sochli bo’lib Delos orolida tug’uldi. Xeraning g’azabi
tufayli quvg’indan bo’lgan onasi Latona hechjoyda o’ziga boshpana topaolmaydi. U Xera
yuborgan Pifon nomli timsoh taqibidan ovvorai jahon bo’lib, nihoyat o’sha zamonlarda suronli
dengiz dolg’alari ichra yelib yurgan Delos orolida panoh topdi. Delosga Latona oyoq bosgan
zahotiyoq dengiz qaridan bahaybat ustunlar kutarlib odamzod yashamaydigan o’sha orolni taqa
to’xtatdi. U xozirgi zamonda turgan joyidagidek qo’zg’almas bo’lib qoldi. Delosning to’rt girdida
ham ummon tinmay shovullaydi.
O’simlikdan nishona ham ko’rinmagan yalong’och Delosga qoyalargina g’amgin qad
ko’tarib turardi. Ular o’zlarining mungli qiyqiriqlari bilan hammayoqni yangratib yuborgan dengiz
chorloqlari uchun qo’nalg’a edi, xolos. Yorug’lik xudosi Apalon dunyoga keldiyu, har tomon
charog’on bo’lib ketdi. Yog’duga cho’mgan delos qoyalari oltin yanglig’ tovlanar edi. Atrofdagi
nbarcha mavjudot: sohilbo’yi qoyalari, Kint tog’I, vodiy va dengiz yorqin qiyofa kasb etgandi.
Delosda yig’ilgan mabudalar yangi tug’ilgan mabudni sharaflab, unga lazzatli xudolar
taomi (ambroziya) va obi-xayot taqdim etishar edi. Mabudalar bilan birga tabiat ham sururga
to’lgandi.
Xera buyuk mabuda xisoblanib olampanoh Zevsning xotini bo’lib, nikohlarga homiylik
qiladi, er-xotinlik munosabatlarning muqaddasligi va buzulmasligi uchun kurashadi. U er-
xotinlarga son sanoqsiz avlod ato etadi homlador onalarni ko’zlari yoryotganda duo qiladi.
Zevsdan yengilgan Kron bu buyuk mabuda Xerani, uning ukalari va singillarini birin-ketin
og’zidan chiqargach, onasi Rea uni dunyoning nargi chekkasi- keksa o’qyunus huzuriga olib ketdi.
U yerda Xerani tarbiyalaydi. Xera olimpdan yeroqda ko’p yillar osoyishta va xotirjam
hayot kechirdi. Ulug’ yashinchaqnatar Zevs uni bir ko’rishdayoq yoqtirib qoladi va Fitidan
o’g’irlab ketadi. Mabudlar Xera va Zevsning to’yini katta hashamat bilan o’tkazishadi. Irida va
xaritalar Xerani beqiyos go’zal liboslarga burkaydilar, xudolar va odamlarning buyuk podshosi
Zevs bilan yonma-yon o’tirarkan, u o’zining navqiron yoshligi, bag’oyat chiroyliligi bilan gul-gul
yonardi. Barcha mabudlar va mabudalar hokimi Xeraga o’z armug’onlarini taqdim etishardi.
Mabuda Geya-yer esa o’z qaridan Xeraga tuhva deya oltin mevali olma daraxtini o’stiradi.
Tabiatdagi hamma narsa malika Xera va shoh Zevsni sharaflaydi.
Buyuk Xera g’oyat mahobatli, shahlo ko’z qo’llari lilufar singari, uning toji ostidan
to’lqinsimon, kishini hayratga soladigan qo’ng’ir sochlari tovlanib turadi, salobatli va purviqor,
ko’zlari cho’g’day yonib turadi. Mabudlar Xerani ezozlaydilar, uni yeri-bulutquvar Zevs ham chin
dildan qadirlaydi, ko’pincha u bilan maslahatlashadi ham. Lekin Xera bilan Zevs o’rtasida damba-
dam bahs munozaralar ham yuritiladi. Xera ko’p hollarda Zevsga etiroz bildirib u bilan xudolar
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International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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kengashida bahslashadi. O’shada yashinchaqnatar g’azablanib, xotiniga “taziringni beraman”
deya tahdit soladi.
Shunda Xera sukut saqlab g’azabini bosadi. U o’zini Zevs qanday savalaganini, oltin zanjir
bilan kishanlaganini, oyoqlariga zilday og’ir ikkita sandonni bog’lab, yer bilan osmon o’rtasiga
osib qo’yganini unutmaydi.
Xulosa qiladigan bo’lsak qadimda yunon va rim aholisi o’zlarini ilohiy xudolari haqida
turli rivoyatlar yaratganlar, ularga atab qurbonliklar keltirishgan keyin esa shu rivoyatlar jamiyatda
o’zgarishlarga ham olib kelgan.
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