JADIDLARNING TA’LIM JARAYONLARINI ISLOH QILISHDAGI O’RNI

ISSN:

2181-3906

2025

International scientific journal

«MODERN

SCIENCE

АND RESEARCH»

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ

1519

JADIDLARNING TA’LIM JARAYONLARINI ISLOH QILISHDAGI O’RNI

Yuldosheva Feruza Yashin qizi

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti o’qituvchisi

yuldoshevaftarix@gmail.com

Safoyeva Mohlaroyim Valijon qizi

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti II bosqich talabasi

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15541933

Kirish

. XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari hayotida yangi davr

boshlandi. Bu davr jadidchilik harakati bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, uning asosiy maqsadi – milliy
uyg‘onish, ma’rifatparvarlik va zamonaviy islohotlar orqali xalqni taraqqiyot sari yetaklash edi.
Ayniqsa, ta’lim tizimida chuqur islohotlar zarurligi sezilib, jadidlar bu yo‘nalishda ulkan ishlarga
qo‘l urdilar.

Jadidchilik harakati Rossiya imperiyasi tasarrufidagi musulmon xalqlar, jumladan,

o‘zbeklar orasida paydo bo‘lib, XIX asr oxirlariga kelib kuchaya boshladi. Bu harakat vakillari
“eski usul”dagi madrasalar va maktablarni tanqid qildilar. Ular diniy ta’lim bilan cheklanib
qolgan, zamonaviy ilm-fandan yiroq bo‘lgan eski ta’lim tizimini isloh qilish lozim deb
hisobladilar.Jadidlar ta’limni isloh qilishda avvalo “usuli savtiya” — ya’ni fonetik usul asosida
o‘qitishni taklif etdilar. Bu usul an’anaviy ta’lim uslubidan farqli o‘laroq, o‘quvchilarning
savodini tezroq chiqarish, bilimni amaliyot bilan uyg‘unlashtirishga qaratilgan edi.
Yangi maktablarda quyidagi fanlar o‘qitila boshlandi: ona tili, adabiyot, matematika, geografiya,
tarix, tabiiy fanlar, chet tillari. Sinf tizimi, jadval asosidagi dars o‘tish, yozma imtihonlar joriy
etildi.

Jadidlar yangi maktablar bilan birga o‘quv adabiyotlarini ham o‘zlari yaratdilar:

•

Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy – “Muntaxabi geografiya” (1903),

•

Munavvarqori Abdurashidxonov – “Adibi avval”, “Adibi soniy”,

•

Abdulla Avloniy – “Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq”.

Jadidlar gazeta va jurnallar orqali keng ommani yangi ta’lim tizimiga qiziqtirishga

harakat qildilar.

“Taraqqiy” (1906), “Hurriyat”, “Sadoi Turkiston”, “Oyna” kabi nashrlar orqali ilm-

fanning

foydasi,

ayollar

ta’limi,

zamonaviy

tafakkur

targ‘ib

qilindi.

Jadidlar orasida ayollar ta’limiga alohida e’tibor bergan ziyolilar ko‘p edi. Ular qizlar uchun
maktablar ochishni taklif qildilar. Bu jamiyatda ayolning o‘rnini yangicha baholashga sabab
bo‘ldi. Jadidlarning ta’lim jarayonlarini isloh etishdagi o‘rni beqiyosdir. Ular o‘z faoliyatlari
orqali yangi maktablar tashkil etdilar, darsliklar yozdilar, xalqni ongli, bilimli va zamonaviy
fikrlovchi holatga olib chiqishga harakat qildilar. Bugungi zamonaviy o‘zbek ta’lim tizimi
shakllanishida jadidlarning xizmatlari katta bo‘lgan. Jadidlar an’anaviy ta’lim tizimining zamon
talablariga javob bermasligini tushunib yetganlar.

Usuli jadid

— ya’ni yangi usuldagi

maktablarda o‘qitishda fonetik usul, darsliklar, yozma imtihonlar va sinflar tizimi joriy
etilgan.Bu maktablarda nafaqat diniy fanlar, balki

matematika, geografiya, tarix, tabiiy fanlar,

chet

tillari

ham o‘qitilgan. Jadidlar zamonaviy o‘quv adabiyotlarini yozishdi,

masalan:Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy —

“Muntaxabi geografiya”

(Geografiyadan darslik),Abdulla

Avloniy —

“Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq”

(Axloqiy tarbiya bo‘yicha),Munavvarqori

ISSN:

2181-3906

2025

International scientific journal

«MODERN

SCIENCE

АND RESEARCH»

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ

1520

Abdurashidxonov — maktablar uchun o‘quv dasturlarini tuzgan.O‘quvchilarning ongini ochish,
savodini oshirish, milliy ongni shakllantirishga qaratilgan darsliklar yozilgan.Jadidlar gazeta va
jurnallar orqali ta’lim islohotlarini ommalashtirdilar: “Taraqqiy”, “Shuhrat”, “Hurriyat”, “Oyna”,
“Sadoi Turkiston” kabi nashrlar bu borada muhim o‘rin tutgan.Bu nashrlar orqali ta’lim,
ayollar huquqlari, dunyo yangiliklari va ilm-fan yangiliklari targ‘ib qilindi.Jadidlar ilk bor
musulmon jamiyatida

qizlar uchun maktablar ochishni

taklif qilishdi va amalga oshirdilar.Bu

o‘sha davr uchun juda jasoratli qadamlardan biri bo‘lgan.Jadidlarning asosiy maqsadi: “Barcha
ezguliklarning boshlanishi – ilm” tamoyiliga amal qilib, xalqni jaholatdan, qoloqlikdan chiqarish
edi.

Ular yosh avlodni

dunyoviy bilimlar bilan qurollantirish

orqali zamonaviy jamiyat

qurishni orzu qilishgan.

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ISSN:

2181-3906

2025

International scientific journal

«MODERN

SCIENCE

АND RESEARCH»

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ

1521

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2025

International scientific journal

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SCIENCE

АND RESEARCH»

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