Language is a dynamic entity that constantly evolves, adapting to changing societal and cultural influences. The borrowing of foreign words, or loanwords, is a common phenomenon in linguistics. This article explores the presence and adaptation of English sports terms in the Karakalpak language, a turkic language spoken in Uzbekistan. The study examines the mechanisms of borrowing, phonological and morphological adaptations, and the implications of these borrowings for the Karakalpak language and its speakers. By delving into the impact of globalization and sports on language, this research sheds light on the dynamic nature of linguistic evolution and cross-cultural exchange.
Haqiqiy materiallarning ona tilida so’zlashuvchilar uchun tayyorlangan va kundalik suhbatda foydalaniladigan manbalarning til o’rganishdagi ahamiyati ushbu bo ’limda yoritilgan. U til o‘rganuvchilarga asl materiallarni samarali tanlash va ulardan foydalanish bo ‘yicha ko ‘rsatmalar beradi.
Xotiraning til o’rganishdagi muhimligining yana bir jihati shuki, u o’rganilayotgan tilning lug’at tarkibini tez va oson o’zlashtirilishiga yordam beradi. Til o’rganuvchi qachonki ikkinchi tilda ko’proq so’z bilan tanish bo’lsagina, u bu tilda ravonlik bilan so’zlasha oladi. Aynan shu xotiraning til
o’rganuvchi uchun beqiyos nafidir.
Tadqiqotchilar tomonidan o’tkazilgan tajribalar shuni ko’rsatadiki, ikkinchi tilni o’zlashtirish
bo’yicha maxsus mashqlarni to’rt yoshdan o’n yoshgacha bo’lgan bolalarga o’rgatish ijobiy natija berar ekan. Qolaversa, “uch yoshdan olti-yetti yoshgacha bo’lgan bolalarga chet tilini o’rgatishda o’yinning ahamiyati katta bo’lib, bu belgilangan mavzu bo‘yicha talab etilayotgan bilim, malaka va ko‘nikmaga erishishning oson yo‘lidir” [Hamre and Pianta, 2005]
Maqolada ilk bor o‘zbek tili parafrazalari o‘rganildi. Parafraza turlari haqida dastlabki fikrlar ham keltirildi. Nafaqat o‘zbek tilshunosligida, balki butun jahon tilshunosligida ham shu kungacha parafrazalar alohida, maxsus ilmiy tadqiqot ob’ekti bo‘lmagan hamda monografik planda o‘rganilmagan. Parafrazalar og‘zaki va yozma nutqimizda badiiy obrazlilik vositalaridan biri sifatida faol qo‘llaniladi, ular tilning boyligini, semantik imkoniyatlari kengligini ko‘rsatuvchi omillardan biridir Jahon tilshunosligida parafrazalar yuzasidan mulohazalar bilan bir qatorda ixcham ta’rif berilgan, parafrazalarning badiiy tasvir vositalari doirasida o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari borligi va ularni alohida o‘rganish zarurligi qayd etilgan bir nechta maqolalar mavjud. Binobarin, bu obrazli iborani ilmiy-nazariy nuqtai nazardan alohida tadqiq etish, mohiyatini ochib berish bugungi umumiy tilshunoslik, ayniqsa, stilistika fanining hal etilishi kerak bo‘lgan masalalardan biridir. Maqolada tilshunoslik sohasidagi yutuqlar, dialektik falsafa kategoriyalari: umumiylik va xususiylik, sabab va natija, imkoniyat va voqelik, shakl va mazmun birligi, ravshanlik va mavhumlik asosida yaratilgan. Har qanday tilning boyligini yaqqol ko‘rsatuvchi ifoda vositalaridan biri bo‘lgan parafraza (tasviriy ifoda) muammosi hozirgacha alohida tadqiqot mavzusi bo‘lmagan. Lekin parafrazalar haqida uning til va nutqdagi o‘rni haqida oz bo‘lsada ma’lum fikrlar mavjud. Kuzatishlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, umumiy tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan bir xil atama parafraza, perifraz, perifraza kabi invariantlarda qo‘llanadi va nutq eng samarali ifoda vositalaridan biri ekanligi qayd etiladi. Maqolamizda parafraza atamasini qo‘llashni lozim topdik. Chunki, birinchi navbatda, bu atama umumiy tilshunoslikda keng qo‘llaniladi. Ya’ni monografiya, o‘quv qo‘llanma, darslik va maqolalarda alohida tilga olinadi; ikkinchidan, eng muhimi, parafraza atamasi o‘rganilayotgan hodisaning mohiyatini aniq belgilaydi. Darvoqe, parafraza atamasidagi “para” qismi o‘xshash yoki qo‘shni, juftlik ma’nosini bildiradi. Ma’lumki, tildagi parafrazalar dunyo hodisalarini chuqurroq o‘rganish, bilish, inson tafakkur qobiliyatini oshirish natijasida vujudga keladi. Texnika va ilm-fan taraqqiyoti, til egasi, uning yaratuvchisi boʻlgan xalqning qoʻshni davlatlar bilan toʻliq aloqada boʻlishi, ular bilan savdo-sotiqning kuchayishi natijasida parafrazalar ham koʻpayib borib, so’zlar bir tildan ikkinchi tilga o’tadi. Shuning uchun biz til (tillar)ning parafrazalarini tarixiy jamiyat – uning tarixi bilan birga xalq taraqqiyoti bilan bog‘liq holda tekshirishni maqsad qildik.
Ushbu monografiyada ketma-ket ikki tomonlama tarjimaning lingvodidaktik xususiyatlari masalasini o‘rganish jarayonida muallif tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan metodikaning eksperimental mashg‘ulotlar doirasida amalga oshirilishi natijalari o‘rin olgan. Monografiyada tadqiqotning zaruriy shartlari, “tarjima” atamasini talqin qilish variantlari, shuningdek, ketma-ket tarjima faoliyati mexanizmlarining ayrim psixolingvistik xususiyatlari bayon etilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi jamiyatimizning turli sohalarida ro‘y berayotgan tub o‘zgarishlar malakali mutaxassislar – ya’ni malakali ketma-ket tarjimonlarni kasbiy tayyorlash sifatini oshirish zaruratini keltirib chiqarganligi bilan izohlanadi. Monografiyaning maqsadi tarjimonlik fakultetlarining til universitetlarining yuqori (3-4) kurs talabalarini eksperimental sinovdan o‘tkazish natijalarini tavsiflash orqali ishlab chiqilgan metodikaning samaradorligini ko‘rsatishdan iborat. Matematik tahlil va natijalarni hisoblashga alohida e'tibor beriladi. Quyidagi nazariy usullar qo'llanilgan: pedagogik, psixologik, psixolingvistik adabiyotlarni, nutq, ijodiy va kognitiv faoliyat muammolari hamda tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyotiga oid adabiyotlarni o'rganish va tahlil qilish, til universitetlarining yuqori kurslarida ketma-ket tarjimani o'qitish mazmunini tahlil qilish, empirik – Tarjimonlik fakultetida o'quv jarayonini kuzatish; talabalarmi imtixon qilish; o'qituvchi va talabalar o’rtasida so'rov o’tkazish; o'quv eksperimentini o'tkazish, tajriba-sinov ma'lumotlarni tizimlashtirish va umumlashtirish hamda ularni izohlash. Tadqiqot natijalari shundan iboratki, ma'lum darajada, ketma-ket ikki tomonlama tarjimaning o'ziga xosligi ochib berilgan, tarjima jarayonida xotira mexanizmlarini tavsiflanib berilgan, muallif tomonidan reallikka yaqin sharoitda ishlab chiqilgan ketma-ket tarjimani o‘rgatish usulini tillardagi oliy o‘quv yurtlarining yuqori kurs (3-4) talabalariga o‘qitishda qo‘llash natijalarini taqdim etilgan. Muallifning ketma-ket tarjimani o‘rgatish bo‘yicha qarashi ham tarjimashunoslik, ham metodologiya sohasidagi mutaxassislar uchun qiziqarli bo‘ladi.
This article deals that a strong understanding of grammar is essential for effective communication, as it enables learners to convey subtle nuances in meaning and to comprehend spoken and written language. Whether through online courses, textbooks, or real-world language exchange programs, investing time and effort into improving grammar skills is a vital part of the language learning process.
Maqolada S.Ayniy asarlarining tojik tilidan ingliz va rus tillariga tarjimasining lingvistik va adabiy xususiyatlari haqida so‘z boradi. Badiiy tarjima - bir tilda yozilgan asar boshqa tilga tarjima qilinadigan adabiy ijod turi hisoblanadi. Sadriddin Ayniyning “Yoddoshtho” – “Xotiralar” asari 1998-yilda amerikalik professorlar Jon Perri va Reychel Lehr tomonidan tojik tilidan ingliz tiliga bevosita tarjima qilingan. Asosiy
muammo, birinchi navbatda, badiiy asar matnining o'ziga xosligi, uning boshqa matn turlaridan farqlari.
Badiiy adabiyotda yozuvchi tomonidan turli til vositalaridan foydalangan holda yaratilgan obrazlar qo‘llaniladi va bu maqsadni amalga oshirish uchun u tilning barcha boyligini o‘z ichiga oladi, tarjimonning vazifasi esa bularning barchasini boshqa tilga etkazishdir
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy lingvistik tadqiqotlarda tarjima tushunchalari muhokama qilinadi. Ayni paytda tarjima jarayoni va mexanizmlari to‘liq o‘rganilmagan yoki oshkor etilmagan. Ular ko'pchilik olimlar uchun o'ziga xos "qora quti" ni ifodalaydi, ularning yozuvlarini dekodlash zamonaviy tilshunoslikka nutq va til shakllanishi mexanizmlarini o'rganish va tushunishda yordam berishi mumkin, bu esa o'z navbatida zamonaviy tadqiqotlarda yangi ufqlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Metodolog va psixologlar tarjima mahorati va ularni shakllantirish muammosini tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyoti uchun eng muhim malakalar qatoriga kiradi.
Mazkur maqolada xorijiy tillarni o‘qitishda yondashuvlarning o‘rni va til talimida ulardan samarali foydalanish haqida fikr yuritilgan. Muallif yondashuv termini va uning turlarini ilmiy va nazariy jihatdan yoritib bergan. Shuningdek, yondashuv o‘quv fanining mazmuni haqidagi qarashlarni umumiylashtiradi, undan konkret bilim sohasidagi tadqiqotning umumiy metodologik asosi sifatida foydalaniladi, tadqiqotchi faoliyatini u yoki bu hodisalarini o‘rganish bo‘yicha yo‘nalishini aniqlaydi. Yondashuv til o‘qitish sistemasi zamiridagi fundamental komponent bo‘lib, o‘qitishning umumiy metodologik asosi sifatida gavdalanadi va o‘quv fanining maqsadi, vazifalari hamda ta’lim jarayonida ularni amalga oshirish imkoniyatini taminlaydigan ta’lim mazmuni haqidagi mavjud nuqtayi nazarlar bilan xaraktayerlanadi
Today, Uzbek literature can be considered one of the most developed and unique in Central Asia. It is a unique phenomenon in the region, the uniqueness of which is explained by the fact that the country is geographically in the heart of Asia, and genetically belongs to the Islamic cultural traditions. Indeed, the translation of the masterpieces of our literature into foreign languages and their worthy place in the treasury of world literature is of special importance today. At the same time, it is difficult to say that at present the translation of works of art from Uzbek into foreign languages is carried out sufficiently. The rich Uzbek culture reflected in the works of art remains a mystery to foreign readers. However, the growing interest of our literature lovers in the rich culture of the Uzbek people, in our classical and modern literature, shows that there is a serious need for the translation of samples of our literature. The issues of scientific study of the problems related to the translation of literary texts and the verification of published translations remain relevant. In the texts of fiction or poetry, language is not only a means of conveying information, but also a means of its artistic reproduction, conveying the aesthetic value of the work. In addition, the literary text is also a source of information about foreign culture. The value of comparative translation studies is that they make a significant contribution to the development of specific translation theories within specific language pairs.
This article is devoted to the study of the theoretical aspects of the problems associated with word choice in literary translation, in which the main focus is on the views of foreign and Uzbek translators on this topic. Some of the comments and conclusions made in the article may be useful to the creators in the future translation process.
Статья посвящена проблеме методики обучения письму и письменной речи студентов в вузах Узбекистана. В ней рассматриваются группы различных письменно-речевых упражнений, направленных на формирование у студентов письменных навыков и умений. Здесь показана роль и тесное взаимоотношение преподавателя русского языка на рассмотрение и уделение внимания к коммуникативно-обучающим функциям, важным построениям учебного занятия на коммуникативно-речевой основе и обучению русскому языку уделять большое внимания к трём основным компонентам: каллиграфической, графической иорфографической.
This essay examines the value of employing Braille resources in the language instruction of blind and visually impaired students in Uzbekistan. It looks at the difficulties this particular group of learners has and emphasizes the advantages of using Braille as a teaching tool. The conclusion of the essay discusses the value of Braille resources in empowering blind and visually impaired students in their language learning journey after presenting a literature review, hypothesis, research questions, results, and discussion.
Maqola til o‘qitishda madaniy jihatlarga muvofiq dars o‘tish va o‘rganish haqida bo‘lib, uning tadqiqotida madaniyatlararo ta’lim muhitida o‘qitish va o‘rganish ta’rifi ishlab chiqiladi va til o‘qitishda madaniy jihatdan hisobga olinishi lozim bo‘lgan strategiyalar keltiriladi. Barchamizga ma’lumki, bugungi sinflardagi madaniy xilma-xillik tobora kengayib bormoqda va o‘qituvchilar o‘quvchilarining turli madaniyatlari va kelib chiqishini dars jarayonida hisobga olishlari va qadrlashlari muhim ahamiyatga ega. Madaniy jihatlarni inobatga olib o‘qitish va o‘rganish - bu sinfdagi o‘quvchilarning turli ehtiyojlarini o‘z ichiga oladigan va ularga javob beradigan yondashuv hisoblanadi
Teaching English as a foreign language can be a difficult task, but it can also be very rewarding. It is important to be patient with your students and make sure that they are following your lessons. It’s also necessary to use different teaching methods, such as games, projects, and activities in order to keep your English learners interested and engaged in the language-learning process