BAHOUDDIN NAQSHBAND: BUYUK MUTASAVVIF VA MA’NAVIY RAHNAMO

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BAHOUDDIN NAQSHBAND: BUYUK MUTASAVVIF VA MA’NAVIY RAHNAMO

Yuldosheva Feruza Yashin qizi

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti o

’

qituvchisi

yuldoshevaftarix@gmail.com

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15854243

Kirish

. O‘zbek tarixida o‘zining chuqur ma’naviy merosi va tasavvufdagi yuksak mavqei

bilan alohida o‘rin egallagan shaxslar orasida Bahouddin Naqshband (1318–1389) alohida o‘rin
tutadi. U Movarounnahr zaminida, xususan, Buxoro viloyatida tasavvuf va islomiy ma’rifatni

yuksak darajaga olib chiqqan murshid sifatida tanilgan. Naqshbandiya tariqatining asoschisi

sifatida Bahouddin Naqshband butun musulmon olamida e’tiborli bo‘lgan.

Bahouddin Naqshband 1318-

yilda Buxoro yaqinidagi Qasri Orifon qishlog‘ida tug‘ilgan.

U yoshligidan diniy bilimlarga qiziqqan, Qur’on, hadis, fiqh va tasavvuf fanlarini chuqur
o‘rgangan. Uning tarbiyasida Shayx Muhammad Boboyi Samosiy, keyinroq esa Amir Kulol kabi
yirik shayxlar muhim rol o‘ynagan.

Bahouddin Naqshband yaratgan

Naqshbandiya tariqati

“dil ba yoru, dast ba kor” –

ya’ni “ko‘ngil Xudoda, qo‘l ishdada” tamoyiliga asoslanadi. Bu tariqat zohiriy mehnat bilan
botiniy poklikni uyg‘unlashtirishga intilgan. Naqshbandiylar dunyodan uzilmagan holda,

ijtimoiy hayotda faol ishtirok etish, halollik, sabr-toqat, kamtarlik va Xudoga muhabbatni asosiy

mezon deb bilganlar. Bahouddin Naqshband o‘zining ilmiy merosida, asosan, tasavvufiy
g‘oyalarni sodda, amaliy va hayotiy tarzda bayon etgan. U yozgan asarlar orqali muridlariga
ma’naviy tarbiya, ichki poklanish, Xudoga yetishish yo‘llarini tushuntirib bergan.

Bahouddin Naqshbanddan bizgacha yetib kelgan yozma asarlar kam sonli bo‘lsa

-da,

uning g‘oyalari shogirdlari tomonidan to‘plangan suhbatlar, maktublar va tariqatga oid

risolalarda keng yoritilgan.

“Maqomoti Bahouddin Naqshband” (Bahouddin Naqshband maqomlari)

Bu asar bevosita Bahouddin Naqshband qalamiga mansub bo‘lmasa

-da, uning murid va

shogirdlari tomonidan to‘plangan suhbatlari asosida tuzilgan. Asarda u kishining ruhiy
maqomlari, oriflik yo‘lida bosib o‘tgan bosqichlari, qalb pokligi va Xudoga muhabbat yo‘lidagi

tajribalari bayon etiladi.

Asarning asosiy g‘oyalari quyidagilardan iborat:

•

Xalvat dar anjuman

–

ya’ni ko‘pchilik orasida bo‘lsang

-da, qalbingni Allohga

bog‘lash.

•

Yod kard (zikr)

–

doimiy ravishda Xudoni zikr qilish orqali qalbni uyg‘otish.

•

Bazm va razm

–

ruhiy kurash va do‘stlik muvozanati.

“Risolai Bahouddin”

Bu kichik hajmdagi risola Bahouddin Naqshbandga mansub bo‘lib, unda tariqat

ahkomlari, muridlarning odobi, ustozga hurmat, qalb tarbiyasi va zikr amaliyoti haqida batafsil

so‘z yuritiladi. Asarda Qur’on oyatlari va hadislar bilan boyitilgan nasihatlar berilgan.

Muhim g‘oyalar:

•

“Zikr”ning botiniy mohiyati.

•

Halollik va riyosiz amal qilish.

•

“Sukutda hikmat bor” g‘oyasi.

Bahouddin Naqshband o‘z muridlariga yozgan ayrim maktublarida tasavvufiy

qarashlarini, dunyo va oxirat haqidagi mulohazalarini ifoda etgan. Bu maktublar uning ruhiy

pishganlik darajasini, so‘z san’atiga bo‘lgan e’tiborini va mo‘’tabar diniy asoslarda fikr yurita

237

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 7

olishini ko‘rsatadi. Uning quyidagi so‘zlari mashhur bo‘lgan:

“Bizning tariqatimiz suhbatdadir. Faqat zikr emas, balki suhbatda komillik bordir.”

Bahouddin Naqshband asarlarining ruhiy mohiyati keyinchalik uning izdoshlari

–

Xoja

Ahror Vali, Alisher Navoiy, Abdurahmon Jomiy kabi mutafakkirlar orqali rivojlangan. Ular

uning g‘oyalarini falsafiy jihatdan chuqurlashtirib, adabiyot va ijtimoiy tafakkurga olib kirganlar.

Xulosa

Bahouddin Naqshband o‘z davrining ma’naviy ustuni bo‘lgan. Uning yuritgan tariqati

hozirgacha dunyo musulmonlari orasida chuqur hurmat va ehtirom bilan eslanadi.
Naqshbandiylik

–

bu faqatgina diniy oqim emas, balki ma’naviy kamolot va ijtimoiy yuksalish

yo‘lini belgilab bergan qadriyatlar tizimidir. Shuning uchun ham u o‘zbek xalqining g‘ururi va
ma’naviy boyligi sifatida qadrlanadi.

Bahouddin Naqshband asarlari son jihatidan ko‘p bo‘lmasa

-da, ularning mazmuniy

og‘irligi va ta’siri benihoya katta. U o‘z asarlarida inson qalbini poklash, jamiyatda halollik,

sabr-

toqat va tinchlikni mustahkamlash g‘oyalarini ilgari surgan. Uning yozganlari va og‘zaki

merosi bugungi kunda ham ma’naviy tarbiya manbai sifatida katta ahamiyatga ega.

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