Том 70 № 3 (2025)

This article explores the difficulties that English speakers face while learning German language as a second or third language.  Learning German as an English speaker presents several unique challenges, despite some similarities between the two 
languages. The main difficulties stem from differences in grammar, vocabulary, and learning strategies, as well as issues related to motivation and available resources. The most significant challenges include mastering German grammar, developing learning 
autonomy, and overcoming differences in language structure and teaching methods. The analysis highlights the key areas of difficulty, including the complexity of German’s case system, the use of grammatical gender, verb placement in subordinate 
clauses, and the pronunciation of unfamiliar sounds such as ch and umlauts. Additionally, the study examines the impact of false cognates, rigid article rules, and the cultural nuances embedded in formal and informal address. Drawing on linguistic 
theory and learner experience, the article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the cognitive and practical hurdles English speakers must overcome, while also offering insight into strategies for more effective language acquisition. 

This article explores the development, subject matter, and methodological foundations of the field of linguopoetics. It analyzes the 
interrelation and poetic functions of linguistic levels—phonetic, lexical, morphological, syntactic, and compositional—in constructing a literary text as an aesthetic whole. The study also highlights the historical development of the linguopoetic approach in Uzbek linguistics, examining the legacy of thinkers such as Alisher Navoi and Izzat Sultan as subjects of linguopoetic analysis.

This article analyzes a system of optional training in mathematics on the basis of the experience of different countries.Approaches in the U.S., Japan, Finland, Russia and South Korea and the South Korean education system are studying and their peculiarities.Practical recommendations are made based on international experiments in Uzbekistan.

This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of public and private schools. A comparative analysis is carried out according to criteria such as the quality of education, the qualifications of teachers, the conditions of training, the cost and availability. The issues of social environment and opportunities for the comprehensive development of students are also addressed. The purpose of the study is to identify which type of school provides a more effective education and contributes to the comprehensive development of the student’s personality.

Theatrical art occupies an important place in the cultural life of every nation. It is formed as a reflection of the customs, traditions, national values, and social life of the people. Looking at the history of Uzbek theatrical art, one can see that the socio-political processes of the Russian Empire played an important role in its formation. In particular, the national theatrical movement, which emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, began to take shape through the efforts of local 
intellectuals, Jadids, and art lovers.

Механизация сельского хозяйства представляет собой процесс внедрения и использования машин и механизмов в аграрном производстве с целью повышения его эффективности, производительности труда и снижения 
зависимости от ручного труда. В статье рассматриваются основные этапы развития механизации, её роль в современном сельском хозяйстве, а также положительное влияние на урожайность, качество обработки почвы и экономику 
фермерских хозяйств. Также поднимаются вопросы устойчивого развития и внедрения инновационных технологий в аграрный сектор. 

In this article, June 1 - the essence of the state of International Children's Day, its historical origin and the importance of today's importance. The protection of children's rights is focused on issues of educational and educational and educational and 
educational and educational living standards for the protection of children's rights. International cooperation in the protection of the interests of children will cover the interests of children in different countries in different countries.

В данной статье рассматриваются основные тригонометрические функции, их свойства и область применения в математике и смежных дисциплинах. Анализируются синус, косинус, тангенс и котангенс как периодические функции, их графики и взаимосвязи. Также освещаются практические аспекты использования тригонометрических функций при решении задач в геометрии, физике и инженерных науках. Статья направлена на углубление теоретических знаний и развитие навыков применения тригонометрических понятий в реальных ситуациях. 

Mazkur maqolada 1-iyun – Bolalarni himoya qilish kunining kelib chiqish tarixi, uning xalqaro va milliy miqyosdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu sana nafaqat bolalarni himoya qilishga da’vat etuvchi kun sifatida, balki jamiyatda ularning huquqlarini ta’minlash, tarbiyaviy jarayonda ularning o‘rnini mustahkamlash va milliy qadriyatlar asosida sog‘lom avlodni voyaga yetkazishdagi madaniy omil sifatida ham alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada shu kuni o‘tkaziladigan tadbirlarning ma’naviy-tarbiyaviy mazmuni, oilaning, maktab va jamiyatning bu boradagi roli keng yoritiladi.

This article analyzes the use of linguistic devices in literary texts, their poetic actualization, integrative relations within the text, and the aesthetic function of language units from a lingvopoetic perspective. Through examples, the artistic and aesthetic 
significance of phono-graphic tools is revealed. It is scientifically substantiated that not all linguistic units within a text possess the same aesthetic status, and their functional load in poetic context varies. 

Mazkur tezisda zamonaviy kiberxavfsizlik tahdidlaridan biri bo‘lgan mijoz ilovalaria qarshi hujumlar turlari yoritilgan. Unda eng ko’p 
uchraydigan 10 ta hujum turi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan: Phishing, DDoS, SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Man-in-the-Middle, Zero-Day, Ransomware, API hujumlari, Session Hijacking va Clickjacking. Har bir hujumning ishlash mexanizmi, maqsadi va qanday zaifliklardan foydalanishi misollar bilan tushuntirilgan. Tadqiqot mijoz ilovalari xavfsizligini ta’minlashda ehtiyotkorlik choralarini belgilash, foydalanuvchilarni xabardor qilish va dasturiy zaifliklarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha muhim ahamiyatga ega.  

Maqolada bo'lajak boshlang'ich sinf o’qituvchilarining ona tili darslarini samarali o’tkazishdagi ijodkorligi, o'quvchilar faoliyati, dars o’tishni va uning tushunarliligini oshirish metodlari va usullari yoritilgan.

This article discusses the linguistic examination of language units in social network correspondence. Skills for conducting linguistic examination of social network correspondence are given. The importance of language and speech units in the process of linguistic examination was shown. 

This article discusses the problem of global warming, its causes, and its impact on human life. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions, climate changes, melting of polar ice caps, and rising sea levels are considered the main consequences of global 
warming. The article also analyzes proposed measures to maintain ecological balance and prevent global warming. The topic aims to foster environmental awareness among readers and promote understanding of sustainable development methods. 

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Primqul Qodirovning "Yulduzli tunlar" romani tarbiyaviy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Asar o‘zbek adabiyotida insoniylik, ma'naviyat va axloqiy qadriyatlarni shakllantirishda muhim o‘rin tutadi. Roman qahramonlari hayotidagi murakkab vaziyatlar, ularning axloqiy tanlovlari va ruhiy o‘sish jarayoni yosh avlodni tarbiyalashda namuna bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Mazkur maqolada romanning asosiy mavzulari, qahramonlarining tarbiyaviy jihatlari, shuningdek, zamonaviy ta’limtarbiya jarayonlaridagi o‘rni yoritiladi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada davlat hokimiyati organlarining tizimi tushunchasi, uning tarkibi, xususiyatlari va zamonaviy davlat boshqaruvidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada davlat hokimiyati organlarining asosiy turlari – qonunchilik, ijro etuvchi va 
sud hokimiyati organlari hamda ularning o‘zaro munosabatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, davlat hokimiyati organlari tizimining samarali faoliyati uchun zarur bo‘lgan tamoyillar va zamonaviy o‘zgarishlar haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Mazkur mavzu 
davlat boshqaruvi va huquqshunoslik sohalarida dolzarb ahamiyatga ega. 

This article examines the use of demonstrative and possessive pronouns in the English language, which play a critical role in communication and expression. Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) and possessive pronouns (my, your, 
his, her, its, our, their) are essential for conveying relationships and indicating specificity in discourse. The article analyzes the differences between these pronouns, their grammatical characteristics, and their contextual applications. Through 
examples, the article demonstrates how demonstrative and possessive pronouns can be effectively used in various situations. It aims to provide guidance for English language learners in mastering the correct and efficient use of these pronouns. 

This article programming "return" operator in languages from the function result in return role and importance The article discusses the concept of " return" general definition , various programming languages (C++, Python, JavaScript, Java and others 
) usage , practical application and examples Also , from " return" of use main principles , its function inside tasks and programmers for useful tips place received . Article programming studying new leaders and experienced programmers for useful source as 
service does . 

Mazkur tezisda zamonaviy kiberxavfsizlik tahdidlaridan biri bo‘lgan mijoz ilovalariga qarshi hujumlar turlari yoritilgan. Unda eng ko’p 
uchraydigan 10 ta hujum turi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan: Phishing, DDoS, SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Man-in-the-Middle, Zero-Day, Ransomware, API hujumlari, Session Hijacking va Clickjacking. Har bir hujumning ishlash mexanizmi, maqsadi va qanday zaifliklardan foydalanishi misollar bilan tushuntirilgan. Tadqiqot mijoz ilovalari xavfsizligini ta’mnlashda ehtiyotkorlik choralarini belgilash, foydalanuvchilarni xabardor qilish va dasturiy zaifliklarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha muhim ahamiyatga ega.  

This article analyzes a system of optional training in mathematics on the basis of the experience of different countries.Approaches in the U.S., Japan, Finland, Russia and South Korea and the South Korean education system are studying and their peculiarities.Practical recommendations are made based on international experiments in Uzbekistan. 

Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellektni boshqa fanlardagi o’rni,afzalligi ,rivojlanish tarixi haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. 

One of the publications that has taken an important place in the history of the Uzbek press is the "Turkeston Viloyat Gazeta". This newspaper was founded at the end of the 19th century, namely in 1870, and is considered one of the oldest mass 
media that initiated the first stage in the development of the Uzbek press. The emergence of the "Turkeston Viloyat Gazeta" was not only the emergence of a new source of information, but also served as an important tool in covering the political, 
social and cultural environment of that time.

O‘zbekiston matbuoti tarixida muhim o‘rin egallagan nashrlardan biri bu — "Turkiston viloyati gazetasidir". Ushbu gazeta XIX asrning oxirlarida, ya’ni 1870-yilda tashkil etilgan bo‘lib, o‘zbek matbuotchiligi taraqqiyotida birinchi bosqichni boshlab bergan eng qadimiy ommaviy axborot vositalaridan hisoblanadi. "Turkiston viloyati gazetasining" paydo bo‘lishi nafaqat yangi axborot manbaining yuzaga kelishi, balki o‘sha davrdagi siyosiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy muhitni yoritishda muhim vosita sifatida xizmat qilgan.

Ushbu maqolada lazer texnologiyasining nazariy asoslari, ishlash prinsipi va turli texni sohalarda qo‘llanilish imoniyatlari yoritilgan. Lazerlarning sanoat, tibbiyot, aloqa, harbiy texnologiyalar va ilmiy tadqiqotlardagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ularning afzalliklari, energiya manbalari, to‘lqin uzunligi va kuchlanish xususiyatlariga e’tibor qaratiladi. Maqolada lazerlardan foydalanishning istiqbollari va xavfsizlik choralari ham muhokama qilinadi. 

Mazkur maqolada ishlab chiqarish muhitida uchraydigan zararli omillar — fizik, kimyoviy, biologik va psixologik xavf-xatarlar tahlil qilinadi. Ularning inson salomatligiga ta’siri, kasallik xavfi, hamda oldini olish usullari yoritiladi. Turli sohalardan olingan amaliy misollar asosida xavfsizlik choralarining samaradorligi baholanadi. SHHV (shaxsiy himoya vositalari) va real vaqt monitoring texnologiyalarining roli ham alohida ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.

Loyihalash – bu murakkab ijodiy jarayon bo‘lib, unda har qanday buyumning, jumladan, kiyimning ham loyihasini ishlab chiqish ko‘zda tutilgan. Ushbu maqolada kiyimlarni tikishdan oldingi jarayonlar, ularni loyihalash haqida mulohaza yuritilgan. 

Ushbu maqola zamonaviy ichki yonuv dvigatellarida keng qo'llanilayotgan Common Rail purkash tizimining tuzilishi, ishlash prinsipi, 
afzalliklari va kamchiliklarini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada tizimning asosiy komponentlari, jumladan yuqori bosimli yoqilg'i nasosi, yoqilg'i taqsimlash magistrali (rail), elektron boshqaruv bloki (ECU) va injektorlar batafsil ko'rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, Common 
Rail tizimining dvigatelning unumdorligi, yoqilg'i sarfi va chiqindi gazlari emissiyasiga ta'siri o'rganiladi. Maqola so'ngida tizimning rivojlanish tendentsiyalari va kelajakdagi istiqbollari muhokama qilinadi.

Maqola haqiqiy elementar zarralar haqidagi ma’lumotlar va ularning xususiyatlariga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, dastlab umumiy mulohazalar va keyinchalik har bir guruh elementar zarralar haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqola avtomobilning yurish qismiga o'z vaqtida va sifatli texnik xizmat ko'rsatishning ahamiyatini ochib beradi.Yurish qismi, avtomobilning harakati va barqarorligini ta'minlovchi muhim tizim bo'lib, uning nosozligi xavfli vaziyatlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Maqolada yurish qismining asosiy elementlari (g'ildiraklar, shinalar, amortizatorlar,prujinalar, richaglar, tormoz 
tizimi, rul boshqaruvi tizimi va boshqalar) ko'rib chiqiladi va ularga texnik xizmat ko'rsatish bo'yicha tavsiyalar beriladi. Shuningdek, texnik xizmat ko'rsatish davriyligi, nosozlik belgilari va ularni bartaraf etish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola avtomobil egalari va 
texnik xizmat ko'rsatish xodimlari uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lib,avtomobilning xavfsiz va samarali ishlashini ta'minlashga qaratilgan.

O‘quvchilar orasida internetdan foydalanish madaniyatini rivojlantirishni hozirgi kunning eng global muammolaridan biri, deb hisoblayman. Internetdan foydalanish kerak, albatta. Hozirgi kunda bu zamon talabi, davr talabi 
hisoblanadi, lekin undan, avvalo, to‘g‘ri va o‘rinli foydalanishni shakllantirishimiz kerak. Internet orqali har xil qo‘shimcha ma’lumotlar olish, kerakli adabiyotlarni qidirib topish, til o‘rganish, yangi axborotlardan xabardor bo‘lish mumkin. Biroq 
hammamiz ham shuni bilmaymizki, internetning foydali tomoni bo‘lgani kabi zararli tomonlari ham ko‘p.

Tarix o‘qitishda qo‘llaniladigan matnlar, darslik matni, tarixiy fakt va hodisalarning mohiyati, fanlararo yondashuv, Umumta’lim maktablari tajribasida darslikdagi bosma matnlar, tarixiy hujjatlar, asarlar, ilmiy-ommabop va badiiy, tarixiy adabiyotlar va boshqalar tarix darslarida qo‘llaniladigan matnlarga kiradi. Bosma matnlar o‘qituvchi bayonining asosini tashkil etadi. 

Ushbu maqolada avtomobil benzinlarining sifatini baholash va nazorat qilish bo‘yicha xalqaro va milliy standartlar (ASTM, EN, ISO, GOST) asosida qo‘yiladigan talablar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada benzinning asosiy xususiyatlari (oktan soni, bug‘lanish xususiyatlari, oltingugurt miqdori, qo‘shimchalar tarkibi) va ularning atrof-muhitga ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Eksperimental natijalar Namuna A 
benzini barcha xalqaro standartlar talablariga mos kelishini ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada, shuningdek, benzin sifatini yanada oshirish va atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari benzin ishlab chiqaruvchi korxonalar, transport 
sohasi mutaxassislari va atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish bo‘yicha ishlovchi tashkilotlar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin. 

Ushbu maqolada  sinfdan tashqari mashg'ulotlar talabaning yaxlit rivojlanishida hal qiluvchi rol o'ynaydi va ularning akademik taraqqiyotini to'ldiradi. Ona tili va o'qish savodxonligi nuqtai nazaridan sinfdan tashqari to'garak ishlari
o'quvchilarning o'z tili va adabiyotini tushunishi va qadrlashini chuqurlashtirish uchun noyob imkoniyatni taqdim etadi. Ushbu maqolada sinfdan tashqari to'garak ishlarini tashkil etish, uning ahamiyati, usullari, natijalari va ona tili ko'nikmalarini oshirish va 
o'qish savodxonligini oshirish oqibatlari bayon etilgan. 

Maqolada  ta’lim sifatini boshqatish,ta’lim tizimini sifatli tashkil qilish, zamonaviy sifatli ta’lim tizimini yaratish, ta’lim  samaradorligini oshirsh toʻgʻrisida maʼlumotlar keltirilgan.  

Xamsachilik — Sharq xalklari adabiyotida dostonnavislik shakllaridan biri; "Xamsa" yozish bilan bogʻliq adabiy anʼana. Nizomiy Ganjaviy asos solgan.Alisher Navoiyning ijodi haqida ham keng ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. 

Til nima, til va nutq tushunchalari,so’z tarixi, so’z mas’uliyati, asos va qo’shimchalar imlosi ,shevaga xos so’zlar, haqida o’quvchilar yetarli ma’lumot olishadi.

Ushbu maqolada kasbiy motiv va motivasiya haqida tushuncha beriladi. Pedagogik faoliyatning muhim qismlari, o’quv foliyati motivasiyasining xususiyatlarini o’rganish ko’nikmalari  ko’rib chiqiladi. Xorijiy psixologlar tomonidan kasbiy motiv va motivasiya muammolari haqidagi fikrlari o’rganib chiqiladi.  

Язык-неотъемлемая часть жизни человека, он является основным средством общения и взаимопонимания. В ходе развития человечества язык формировался не только как средство выражения мыслей, но и как своеобразное зеркало культуры, истории, общества. Более глубокое размышление о природе языка и его месте в обществе имеет важное значение для 
понимания человеком своей идентичности, сохранения и передачи культурного наследия будущим поколениям.

This article explores the growing significance of paralinguistics— non-verbal vocal cues such as tone, pitch, and intonation—in the field of humancomputer interaction (HCI). As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies advance, the ability of machines to interpret and utilize paralinguistic features becomes essential in creating more naturalistic, responsive, and emotionally aware systems. The study 
discusses the integration of paralinguistic cues in various applications, including voice assistants, emotion recognition interfaces, language learning tools, and virtual environments. It also addresses challenges related to cross-cultural interpretation, 
technical limitations, and ethical concerns. The article concludes by emphasizing the role of paralinguistics in the future of empathetic and socially aware computing.

“Besapantov” koni sharoitida muqobil energiya manbalari imkoniyatlari atroflicha tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda kon korxonasi sharoitida quyosh va shamol imkoniyatlari o‘rganilgan va korxona sharoitida elektr iste’molchilarning energiya samaradorligini oshirish uchun mikro SHES qurilmasidan unumli foydalanish taklifi 
keltirilgan 

Ushbu maqola nogironligi bo'lgan farzandlarni tarbiyalash jarayonida duch kelinadigan psixologik qiyinchiliklarni yengishda ota-onalarga amaliy tavsiyalar beradi. Maqolada stressni boshqarish, ijobiy munosabatni saqlash, o'zaro yordam va mutaxassislar ko'magidan foydalanish kabi muhim jihatlar ko'rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, nogiron farzandning o'ziga xos ehtiyojlarini tushunish va 
ularga moslashish, oila a'zolari o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni mustahkamlash masalalari ham yoritilgan.

 Tabiatda shundaу tabiiу mеtall birikmalari mavjudki, ular ba’zi bir jismlarni o‘ziga tоrtish xususiyatiga ega. Jismlarning bunday xossasi ular atrofida maydon mavjudligini bildiradi. Bunday maydonni magnit maydon deb atash qabul qilingan. O‘z atrofida magnit maydonni uzоq vaqt уo‘qоtmaуdigan jismlarni dоimiу magnit yoki оddiуgina magnit dеb ataymiz. Tokli o'tkazgichlarning magnit maydoni cheksizlikkacha yoyiladi, biroq masofa ortishi bilan magnit kuchlari juda tez zaiflashadi. Shu sababli amalda magnit kuchlarining ta'sirini tokli o'tkazgichga yaqin masafalardagina sezish mumkin. Maqolada aynan toklarning magnit maydoni masalasi 
haqida fikrlar bayon qilinadi. 

Orol - million yillar avval paydo bo'lgan mo'jiza, biroq 50 yilda yo'q bo'lishga ulgurgan fojea. Qanchadan qancha davlatchiliklar, Imperiyalar uchun xizmat qilgan, ammo birgina Sobiq Ittifoq zulmiga dosh berolmagan "Qora Tarix". Yaqin 
o'tmishgacha millionlab odamlarning tirikchiligi, Jahon urushlarida oziq-ovqat ta'minotining katta ulushdorlaridan biri, O'zbekistonni "dengizi bor davlat" maqomida tutgan faxr. Lekin bugun salomatlik va ekologiyaga tahdid solayotgan qasos, 
asrimizning umidlarini so'ndirgan falokat, hali odamzod uzoq muddat azoblar bilan to'laydigan badal bu -  Orol. Uning qurib qolishiga hech kim ishonmagan, xuddi biz hozir suv tugamaydi deb o'ylayotganday. Chig'anoqlarga to'la sahro, qumlikdan iborat 
dengiz, ilmsizlikdan qolgan asoratdir u.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilidagi ibora tushunchasi, ularning semantik va sintaktik xususiyatlari hamda nutqdagi ahamiyati ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. 

Mazkur maqolada profilaktika inspektorining fuqarolarning fuqarolik-huquqiy masalalari bo’yicha murojaatlarini ko’rib chiqish faoliyatida xorij davlatlari tajribasi va O’zbekistonda hali qo’llanilmagan innovasion yondashuvlar asosida samaradorlikni oshirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Jumladan, “Community Policing” modeli, raqamlashtirish, mediatorlar instituti, huquqiy maslahat burchaklari va anonim signal tizimlari orqali fuqarolarga xizmat ko’rsatish sifati oshishi ta’kidlangan.

Ushbu maqola orqali siz oilaning tinchligi qanchalik ahamiyatga ekanligini, oila jamiyatning bir bo'g'ini sifatidagi mazmunini, profilaktika inspektori tomonidan nizoli oilalar bilan ishlash faoliyatining o'ziga xos jihalarini, profilaktika inspektori tomonidan amalga oshirilishi lozim bo'lgan ishlar va ularda uchrab turgan muammolar, ularning yechimlarini ilmiy jihatdan asoslanganligini ko'rishingiz mumkin.  

Ushbu maqola orqali siz, Huquqbuzarliklarni oldini olishning yangi turi hisoblangan ijtimoiy profilaktika tushunchasi, uning jamiyatda huquqbuzarliklarni kamaytirishda tutgan muxim ro’li, ushbu profilaktikaning obektlari va amalga oshiruvchi subektlarning tasnifi, shuningdek ijtimoiy profilaktikaning boshqa profilaktika turlaridan nechog’lik farq qilishini ilmiy jihatdan asoslanganligini 
ko’rishimiz mumkin. 

O‘zbekiston Respublikasida mustaqillik yillarida huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasi sohasida amalga oshirilgan islohotlar va ularning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni katta ahamiyatga ega. Mustaqillikka erishganidan so‘ng, O‘zbekiston hukumati o‘zining ijtimoiy, siyosiy va iqtisodiy tizimini qayta qurish jarayonida 
huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasiga alohida e’tibor qaratdi.  

Ushbu maqolada otlarning yasalish usullari haqida so‘z boradi. Har bir usul misollar yordamida tahlil qilinadi.

Данная статья посвящена комплексному анализу особенностей корейского языка как важнейшего компонента лингвокультурного наследия СевероВосточной Азии. Исследование охватывает историко-культурные предпосылки 
формирования языка, влияние китайской и японской цивилизаций, а также интерпретацию структуры и эволюции языка через теоретическую призму Джона Б. Уитмена. Рассматриваются фонетические и грамматические черты, процессы заимствования, роль языка в диаспоре, а также его политикокультурные функции как носителя идентичности и инструмента мягкой силы. 

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей кодового переключения между русским и узбекским языками. В работе анализируются синтаксические и семантические аспекты этого явления, такие как согласование, управление, порядок слов, синонимия, антонимия и лексические лакуны. На основе анализа реальных текстов и диалогов выявляются характерные черты русско-узбекского кодового переключения и его влияние на коммуникацию. 

This article analyzes the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in public health monitoring and the emerging privacy issues. AI is an effective tool for early detection of epidemics, tracking the spread of disease, and effectively managing health resources. At the same time, a number of problems related to personal privacy and data security arise during data collection and processing. The article highlights the importance of anonymization, consent, and cybersecurity measures to ensure privacy, and provides necessary recommendations for the safe and effective use of AI technologies in the health sector.

Mazkur maqolada yurak-qon tomir kasalliklarining kelib chiqish sabablari, ularning organizmdagi biofizik jarayonlarga ta’siri va oldini 
olish usullari yoritilgan. Yurak mushaklarining qisqarish mexanizmi, qon aylanishining fizik qonuniyatlari va zamonaviy diagnostika usullarining samaradorligi ilmiy tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, yurak-qon tomir kasalliklarining oldini olish bo‘yicha biofizik yondashuvlar ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Endoscopy is a method of visualizing the body using a flexible tube with a small camera and a light source at its end. This instrument is called an endoscope. The endoscope is inserted through a natural body opening or a small incision. There are 
many types of endoscopes, each named according to the organs or areas they are used to examine.Endoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat hernias by using an endoscope to view the internal area and correct the defect. Unlike traditional open surgery, this type of endoscopy requires only small incisions, leading to faster recovery and reduced postoperative pain.

 From December 14, 1941, workers of military enterprises had the status of being mobilized for war; in 1941, 18,765 people completed these courses; enterprises of the People's Commissariats of the Center fulfilled military production plans in July by 66.9%, in August by 31.8%, in September by 50%. 

 Teatr san’ati har bir xalqning madaniy hayotida muhim o‘rin tutadi. U xalqning urf-odatlari, an’analari, milliy qadriyatlari va ijtimoiy hayotining in’ikosi sifatida shakllanadi. O‘zbek teatr san’ati tarixiga nazar tashlaganda, uning shakllanishida Rossiya imperiyasi davridagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy jarayonlar muhim rol o‘ynaganini ko‘rish mumkin. Ayniqsa, XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida vujudga 
kelgan milliy teatr harakati mahalliy ziyolilar, jadidlar va san’at ixlosmandlarining sa’y-harakatlari bilan shakllana boshladi.

С 14 декабря 1941 года работники военных предприятий имели статус мобилизованных на войну, в 1941 году эти курсы окончили 18 765 человек, предприятия Наркоматов Центра выполнили планы военной продукции в июле на 66,9%, в августе на 31,8%, в сентябре на 50%.

 В статье описывается изучение древних портовых городов и оборонительных сооружений Северной Бактрии на основе исторических источников.

This article describes the study of ancient port cities and defensive structures in Northern Bactria based on historical sources. 

Qalqonsimon bez ma'lum gormonlarni ishlab chiqaradigan va hiqaradigan muhim endokrin bezdir. Qalqonsimon bezning asosiy vazifasi metabolizmni nazorat qilishdir - tanangiz energiyadan qanday foydalanishi. Ba'zida qalqonsimon bez to'g'ri ishlamaydi. Bu holatlar keng tarqalgan va davolash mumkin.

Bronxodilatatorlar nafas yo'llaringiz atrofidagi mushaklarni bo'shashtirish va o'pkangizdan shilimshiqni tozalashga yordam berish orqali astma, KOAH va boshqa o'pka kasalliklari alomatlarini engillashtirishga yordam beradi. Uzoq muddatli va qisqa muddatli shakllar mavjud. Siz ularni inhaler, nebulizer eritmasi yoki planshet sifatida qabul qilishingiz mumkin. Yon ta'siri quruq og'iz, giperaktivlik, ko'ngil aynishi va qusishni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin.

The verb conjugation and tense construction of German and English, two languages with different grammatical systems. It highlights important structural patterns in both languages by analyzing verb inflection according to grammatical person, tense and mood. The study examines how moods like subjunctive and passive are conveyed and compares regular and irregular conjugation and investigates the function of auxiliary verbs in creating future and perfect tenses. Syntactic features like verb location in German main and subordinate sentences are given particular attention. A better grasp of how each language encodes time and modality through its verbal system is made possible by the findings which shows both convergences and 
divergences in verbal morphology and syntax.  

The use of technology in language instruction has drastically changed the way that languages are taught and acquired in recent years. The use of digital tools and platforms is particularly advantageous for German, a language that is spoken by 
millions of people globally. The benefits of using technology in German instruction, its effects on student learning, and the different resources that teachers and students are using more and more are all covered in this essay. Surveys, interviews, and a thorough literature study offer insights on how internet resources, multimedia technologies, and mobile apps improve the educational process. Findings suggest that when used appropriately, technology boosts engagement, enhances linguistic skills, and fosters 
deeper understanding of cultural context in language learning. 

This article explores the differences between modal verbs in English and German, two widely spoken languages with unique grammatical systems. Although both languages use modal verbs to express similar meanings - like ability, permissio, 
and obligation - their structure and usage are quite different. This comparison helps learners avoid common mistakes and improve fluency in both languages. These insights are especially helpful for students learning English and German as a second 
language.  

В данной статье освещаются экономические последствия сезонности в сфере туризма и способы ее смягчения. Приведены данные о степени роста туризма и темпах его годового роста. Обосновывается, что развитие национального туризма стимулирует развитие других отраслей. В этой статье объясняется понятие сезонности, ее причины (отпуск, климат, праздники и т.д.), а также раскрываются негативные последствия сезонности: перегруженность, снижение качества обслуживания и создание неудобств. Также освещены экономические последствия сезонности.