No. 3 (84) (2015): Problems of biology and medicine

Antenatal fetal death is not only a reproductive loss, but also a powerful psychological shock for a woman. Although today antenatal fetal death (ANF) is a global problem, there is no single international classification and it is presented differently in different literature sources. In different countries of the world, the concept of "stillbirth" refers to the lower limit of the gestational age, i.e. from 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy and a fetal weight of 350g. and 1000 gr. shown before [1,4].

The spent experimental researches according to efficiency of use of laser photodynamic processing of residual cavities method after echinococcectomy of liver. It is proved expressed pernicious action of laser photodynamic therapy method on germinal elements of echinococcus and its rather harmless influence on body carrier at intraoperation application that provides possibility of wide use of this method in surgery prac-tice of echinococcus of liver, for the purpose of preventive maintenance of postoperative complications and relapses of disease.

In experiments on white laboratory Wistar-line rats mail thyroid gland was studied during immobiliza-tion stress. Morphological investigations of a thyroid gland show ultrustructural changes of functional re-serves of cell due to the answer of stress reaction, which manifest of mitochondria hypertrophy, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, quantitative increase of microvilli at the apical pole of thyroid-ollicle cells, formation of deep plasmolemma invaginations on the basal pole of cells and also thickening of blood capillaries basement membrane.

The prolonged and often asymptomatic presence of infectious agents in the endometrium leads to significant changes in tissue structure, inhibiting normal plantarization and leading to the formation of a pathological reaction to pregnancy. It is known that chronic endometritis (SE) leads to impaired immunity, and this is associated with a decrease in the activity of interferon (interferon system), a decrease in the activity of natural killers and macrophages, T-cell immunity, a decrease in the cellularity of the immune system, manifested by an imbalance of joint and polyclonal stimulation of B-lymphocytes , is manifested by an increase in all classes of immunoglobulins. Along with the effect on the general immune system, infectious agents also affect local immunity in the following ways: an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes, uNK cells and macrophages; the predominance of immunity over the T2 T-cell joint; An increase in the amount of IgM, IgA, IgG, which in turn leads to an embryo separation reaction.

In recent decades, there has been a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment of patients with tuberculosis all over the world, which was the result, first, of a sharp deterioration in socio-economic conditions, and then the reform of the healthcare system and insufficient control over the implementation of anti-tuberculosis measures.In recent years, the main attention has been paid to inpatient care for patients with tuberculosis, the rational use of the bed fund of anti-tuberculosis institutions, and the possibilities of its modernization.

Exogenous alveolitis (EA) refers to interstitial lung disease (ILD) with the development of widespread interstitial and granulomatous changes in the respiratory system, ultimately leading to diffuse pneumosclerosis, development of cor pulmonale, pulmonary heart failure [11]. One of the first to describe the unusual symptomatology of a pulmonary disease in a farmer working with moldy hay was J.M. Cambell in 1932. Active study of this pathology began in the 60s of the 20th century. As a result of microbiological and immunological studies of moldy hay extracts, it was found that the disease "farmer's lung" is caused by thermophilic actinomycetes [17, 19]. Later a similar clinic of pulmonary disease was observed in individuals who constantly work with poultry [17, 19, 22]. The term "exogenous allergic alveolitis" was first used by physician J. Pepis (1969) and became widespread in Europe [1, 9].

In order to increase the effectiveness of treatment at the modern, complex, market stage of the formation of the state system for the protection of citizens, it is necessary to systematize approaches to the tactics of conducting ballrooms. It is necessary to unify the optimal modes of the diagnostic and treatment process from the point of view of the implementation of standards (protocols) approved by evidence-based medicine. Certification and licensing of medical activities should be carried out through organizational, preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation standards (protocols). We need a unified, national, standard approach of health authorities and institutions to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD X revision). Performers must be aware of accepted medical standards. Ignorance of medical standards is not an excuse for the lack of medical action or inaction of the doctor. To ensure adequate therapy, consultations are needed,substantiating the expediency of using certain diagnostic and treatment methods to ensure the quality of the diagnostic and treatment process in the modern
level.

Among viral lesions, herpes is the most common viral infection. In this regard, WHO has defined it as the future of infectious pathology [2, 3, 4]. Hermetic infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) of the 1st (orofacial) and 2nd (genital) types. According to antigenic properties, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is divided into types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2). HSV-1 infection occurs more often in the first 3 years of a person's life. Infection with HSV-2 is associated, as a rule, with the sexual route of infection. The existing infection with HSV-1 does not prevent infection with HSV-2. In general, 90% of the adult population also contains antibodies to these two viruses in their blood [3, 7].

Diseases of the cervix continue to be an urgent problem of gynecology and the most common pathology of the female genital area, which is the most transforming biological object.
As studies by gynecologists, hygienists and other specialists have shown, a woman's body reacts subtly to adverse environmental factors with the emergence of a number of adaptive reactions, which in the future can turn into a pathomorphological state.

At present, young people approach the reproductive age with a significant burden of somatic diseases. Diseases of the digestive system are second only to diseases of the cardiovascular system. Among the pathologies of the digestive system, diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts, cholelithiasis (GSD) occupy the first place. Women suffer from this pathology 2-7 times more often than men. This is explained by many factors and, above all, by the influence of female sex hormones on the biliary system (4).

In developing countries, one woman in eleven may die from pregnancy-related complications, while in developed countries this figure is one in five thousand [9,16,40].

In experiments on guinea pigs were studied ultrastructural status of burn wound at different times after severe thermal trauma and usage crioliofilized xenograft substrate. It was established that the use of this drug in the early stages of the experiment reduces the inflammatory response and activates regenerative processes in the boundary area of the wound. This prevents significant damage to the ultrastructure of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and capillaries. In the later stages of the experiment the use of crioliofilized xenograft substrate promotes active restoration of the structural components of the dermis of the skin in the affected area and accelerates epithelization of the wound

Hormonal contraception is currently not only one of the ways to preserve a woman's reproductive health, but also a means of preventing and treating a number of gynecological diseases.

In developed countries, it is one of the leading diseases causing loss of central vision in patients over 50 years of age. As the risk of morbidity and disability due to KSD increases, the disease is seen as an important social problem. If viscosity is lost on one drop due to CMD, then the risk of failure on a second drop increases by 12% over 5 years. The number of patients with CMD is constantly increasing.

The relevance of studying this topic lies in the fact that the prevalence of diabetes insipidus in the Republic of Uzbekistan is 0.01%, which is comparable to its prevalence in the world, and today the absolute number of patients diagnosed with diabetes insipidus is 2348 people, and its share among others endocrine pathologies - 0.37% [6].

The number of women in labor suffering from chronic diseases is growing, which determines the need for their treatment, both during pregnancy and during the period of feeding a newborn breastfeeding. There are few data on the effect of medicinal substances supplied to a child with breast milk, since it is rather difficult to determine the content of many drugs in biological fluids. The advent of liquid chromatography and the electrochemical method makes it possible to perform more accurate quantitative and qualitative analysis, which makes it possible to refine previously obtained data.

Implants based on polymeric materials are increasingly used in surgery. Cellulose, due to the absence of a toxic effect on a biological organism, is actively used in medicine [7,21]. Chemical inertness, fiber content, high mechanical strength, insolubility in water, resistance to sterilization contribute to the use of natural cellulose dressings.

F.Hitschmann and L.Adler (1908) in their scientific work found that the morphological changes in the inflammatory process observed in the endometrium are similar to those observed in other organs showed similarities with such changes, and these scientific studies are the beginning of the study of chronic endometritis [4]. But even in the 60 years that have passed since the publication of these publications, there has been much debate about whether chronic endometritis is an independent disease.

Hyperplastic processes of the endometrium (HPE) is an extremely important, complex and multifaceted problem of practical gynecology. This is due to the fact that this pathology is It is one of the proliferative processes and a long course without treatment can be a background for the development of endometrial cancer [3, 8, 9, 12]. Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the most common form of pathology of the uterine mucosa and is interpreted as a non-physiological proliferation of the endometrium, accompanied by a structural reorganization of the glandular and, to a lesser extent, stromal component of the tissue. The mechanisms of development of endometrial hyperplastic processes are still insufficiently studied, which makes it difficult to develop a pathogenetically substantiated system for the treatment of patients with this pathology [2, 7, 10, 11]. In structure gynecological pathology HPE occur with a frequency of 15-40% [1, 5, 6]. Most often, HPE is detected at the age of 45-55 years [8, 9, 4].

Bronchopulmonary pathology occupies a significant place in the structure of childhood morbidity. In the last two decades, there has been an increase in the proportion of recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases in children, which often continue into adulthood age and are the cause of disability and disability [1,4,16, 28,30, 32].

Echinococcosis is a severe parasitic disease that most often affects the liver and lungs, less often damage to other organs is observed [3,9,15,29]. According to the WHO (1982) and a number of other sources, there is a wide distribution and a significant increase in the incidence among the population [6,9,18,31].

Caring for the health of the future generation is one of the most important for our republic. There is no doubt that the level of perinatal mortality is significantly influenced by the state of health of the mother. The real decrease in perinatal mortality in recent decades worldwide is associated with an increase in the frequency of abdominal delivery [3, 10, 31]. The increase in operative delivery is largely associated with an increase in the number of pregnant women with extragenital pathology, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, the proportion of which in pregnant women has increased from 0.5% to 10% over the past decades [8,9]. According to M.M. Nizametdinova et al. [6, 13, 22, 30], caesarean section was used in 16%, and obstetric forceps in 14% of women with CHD. According to G.K. Sermanizova [11, 20, 28] found that 40.5% of pregnant women aged 17-48 years were diagnosed with heart disease in a specialized clinic. Of these, 75% were diagnosed with congenital heart disease, and only 25% had acquired heart defects. Despite the improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the expansion of indications for carrying a pregnancy, the problem of reducing not only maternal, but also perinatal mortality in this type of pathology does not lose its relevance.

To date, despite the adequacy of the ongoing specialized treatment, the most common complication of mandibular fractures is traumatic osteomyelitis. According to various authors, its frequency reaches 10-30% [2]. Along with the treatment of odontogenic destructive forms of osteomyelitis of the jaws, the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory complications of fractures of the bones of the facial skull, mainly traumatic osteomyelitis, are relevant.
problems of modern clinical maxillofacial surgery [1, 4, 5].

On the basis of studying of the remote results of treatment of patients with a nodal craw the optimum volume of surgical intervention at various morphological forms of a nodal craw is determined. Adequate volumes of expeditious treatment are the gemistrumektomiya, extremely subtotal resection of a thyroid gland and a tireoidektomiya. When carrying out adequate replacement tireoidny therapy the number of recurrence after the carried-out surgeries sharply decreases. The greatest percent (4,7%) of recurrence irrespective of a morphological form of a nodal craw is revealed when carrying out an economical resection and enukleation of knot of a thyroid gland

The analysis of the results of bacteriological examination 1175 urine samples from children – patients of medical institutions of Chernivtsi region with the aim of identifying the administrative-territorial nature of the etiological patterns of pathogens of UTI among children population of Chernivtsi region, used in the pro-cessing of analytical, statistical methods. Identified administrative-territorial features of the etiological patterns of pathogens UTI among the child population of Chernivtsi oblast: there is a clear trend in increasing frequency allocation etiologically significant microbial pathogens UTI in the series «villagetown of district subordination, urban-typeregional
center»; among children with chronic UTI (surveyed repeatedly) found a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction in the frequency of occurrence of enterobacteria (except Proteus) and an increase in the isolation rate of Proteus and Pseudomonas (p<0.01), urban female children compared to their rural counterparts. The research will allow to hold the correct and reasoned medical and rehabilitation events in all stages of rendering of specialized medical care for children’s and to develop the programs, directed on improve-ment of indicators of health and prevention of disability in children.

The article provides a data of immediate and long term results of surgical treatment in 208 patients with locally spread nonorganic retroperitoneal tumors. Malignant tumors constituted 152 (71,3%) while be-nign tumors 56 (26.9%). Radical operationswere performed to 64.8% of patients, palliative-26.7%and in8.3% of cases operations were cytoreductive. From these, in 52.8% of cases operations had combined character. General, Intra- and postoperative complications constituted 16,4%, meanwhile postoperative lethal outcomes – 2,4%. 5-year survival rate of patients with benign tumorsreached83.3%, and malignant-12.6%. The same index after radical operation constituted 41,3%, and after non radical -9,6%.Relapses within 5 years after surgery for a malignant tumor occurred in 73.7%, and after a benign tumor - 26.3% of patients

Samarkand City Medical Association from 2010 to 2015 operated on 65 patients diagnosed with acute adhesive intestinal obstruction. 41 women (63%) and 24 men (37%). Among them, the able-bodied popula-tion was 46 (73.2%) patients. This problem is a social value. Patients received acute adhesive ileus had a his-tory of 30 patients (46.1%), once in 17 (26.5%) of 2-fold, 8 (12.6%) 3 times, 10 (15.38%) 4 times operations in abdominal.: All patients were divided into two groups. The first (control) group consisted of 23 patients who were operated in traditional manner. The study group of 42 patients operated on Refine methods and prevention using mezogel. When comparing the results of postoperative patients in the study and control group showed that postoperative complications in the control group and 32% in the basic 25%, and mortality in the control group were 15.1% and a core group of 7%. Thus, timely diagnosis and surgical treatment and prevention techniques Refine with mezogel adhesive disease reduced postoperative complications by 8%, and mortality 2 times

Under the supervision of 60 preterm infants were breastfed and bottle. Studies have shown in preterm infants exclusively breastfed marked flatulence, but there were no violations of the chair. When artificial feeding flatulence recorded less frequently, but the chair was a thick consistency violated its regularity. Scat-ological pattern had no significant differences: that indicating that the same enzyme system and gastrointes-tinal. For preterm infants observed changes of intestinal micro flora: reduction of bifid bacteria and lactoba-cilli children, epidermionalny entrobacterial flora. Growth of conditionally – pathogenic flora is not charac-terizied.

The analysis of the quality of life in patients with chronic ischemia of the brain I-II level with the in-clusion of acupuncture. All patients during treatment with psychological research conducted by questionnaire Leonhard. On 10 personality traits (accentuation), is not pathological. The study showed the positive dynam-ics of indicators of quality of life, on average 2 times, a mean population values.

It has taken in researches and analysis of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), subjective clinical and neurological examinations, electromyography (EMG). The study has showed asymmetrical violation of simi-lar nerves, reducing the amplitude of potential action (PA) and motor response (M), the velocity of propaga-tion of excitation (VPE) in the field of compression. Based on this algorithm differential diagnosis was carried out with defeat, which showed the need for theevaluation of sensory symptoms, evaluation of EMG amplitude M-answers from two sides. The study showed that the benefit of tunneling damage in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and the exclusion of cervical radiculopathy, and plexopathy will testify, pronounced asymmetry of similar violations of nerves on both sides, with the exclusion of radiculopathy, and plexopathy.The study showed that the benefit of tunneling damage in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) will testify pronounced asymmetry of similar violations of nerves on both sides, with the exclusion of radiculopathy, and plexopathy.

The results of our own surveys patients witch divided into three groups of 20 patients - with alcoholic encephalopathy (AE) without seizure states , 20 patients - with AE with new-onset seizure states and 20 pa-tients - with AE complicated by recurrent seizures .There are analysis of EEG research and psychoneurotic testing. After studies were obtained followed results: 60% of patients with the normal type of EEG, dominant alpha rhythm in 38.2% of patients witch characterized by desynchronization or hypersynchronization rhythms type EEG and 1.8% with pathological type of EEG. Conducted psychoneurotic study of patients with AE allows to establish a board representation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, the severi-ty of anxiety and depressive symptoms are varied.

The article presents the results of a long clinicoanamnestic observation and survey of 100 children aged 1 to 15 years with a syndrome of increased thymus. All children increase ENG confirmed radiometric with cardio-thoracic index Timika, as well as and by ultrasound. The analysis allows to confirm that children with the syndrome increased thymus various intercurrent diseases occur more severely than children without the disease cancer. Analysis of indicators of cell immunity in children with the syndrome increased ENG possible to establish the phenomenon of secondary immuno-deficient state, as well as the imbalance of the immuno-regulatory cells and significantly low levels of IgA and IgG and phagocytosis. The results of the clinical and immunological studies were the basis for inclusion in the complex therapy of patients with the syndrome of increased thymus immunomodulator T-activin at a dose of 2 mg / kg of body weight subcutane-ously for 5 days.

We observed 65 children with obstructive bronchitis and 35 patients with acute bronchitis at the age from 3 months to 3 years. We have developed a group that includes children at risk for the likelihood of de-veloping obstructive bronchitis. Dynamic immunological study revealed reduction factors phagocytic activi-ty of neutrophils, cellular immunity, and developing a transient failure of humoral immunity by increasing the duration of the disease. Analysis of the results enable T-activin at a dose of 2 mg / kg for 5 days in the complex therapy of obstructive bronchitis confirmed their rationality, especially frequently ill children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis, as well as children with a history of premorbid background.

The aim is to evaluate the effect of regional lymphatic therapy (RLT) + kanefron electrophoresis ami-nophylline on some parameters of endogenous intoxication (EI) and renal function (SAF) in chronic pyelo-nephritis dismetabolic (CDA). The study involved 70 children with CDA, aged from 4 to 14 years. Patients were divided into four groups depending on the treatment. Comparative evaluation of the results of studies and indicators of EI FAK showed high efficiency of complex use RLT + kanefron electrophoresis amino-phylline, which we have called 'renal tyubaj".

Inflammatory diseases of the iris composes 20-50% of the cause of the herpes simplex virus. In this case, our goal is to study the effectiveness of local composes oftalmolavick drugs in herpetic keratitis.

Results of surgical treatment of 122 patients with primary hepatic echinococcosis, which included 79 (64.8%) women and 43 (35.2%) men aged 14-72 years. The main methods of diagnosis of echinococcosis were ultrasonography and computed tomography. Solitary cysts were found in 90 (73.8%) patients, multiple y 32 (26.2%), the complicated forms of the disease are diagnosed in 31 (25.4%) cases. Surgical intervention (echinococcectomy) were performed in 68 (55.7%) patients, radical (pericystectomy and liver resection) - 42 (34.5%), method landmark puncture aspiration under the control of ultrasound applied in 12 (9.8%) . Specif-ic postoperative oslozh¬neniya (17.6%), deaths (2.9%) and relapse of the disease in the long term (7.3%) was only observed after surgery. Availability of long-term external biliary fistula is an indication for endo-scopic papillosphincterotomy 8.8% of patients. The introduction of radical and minimally invasive tech-niques contributed to a significant improvement of results of surgical treatment of patients with hepatic hyda-tid.

The authors describe the results of adequate therapy in the preoperative period on the example of pa-tients admitted to the department of purulent surgery. Give the recommendations for effective treatment of diabetic foot syndrome

The studied parameters of lipid peroxidation-antioxidant system and immunological parameters in pa-tients with asthma. Comparison of LP-AOS and immunity indicating the close relationship between them.The most significant decrease in the relative number of T-ymphocytes and their subpopulations of CD4 + and CD8 + , and a sharp increase of total IgE was observed by us in patients with the highest rates of lipid peroxi-dation, while in patients with elevated levels of CT least pronounced deviations observed in immune status. Comparative analysis of the functioning of these two systems in allergic disease process points to the close elationship of the individual parameters of the immune status and lipid peroxidation-antioxidant system

Dysmetabolic nephropathy (DM) and matured on its phone secondary pyelonephritis in children are highly actual in Pediatrics and children nephrology. The aim of the work: To identify diagnostic informative complex of indication Endogenous intoxication (EI). It were examined 55 children in age from 4 till 14 years, 30 absolute healthy and 25 with Chronic Pyelonephritis on the phone of Dysmetabolic Nephropathy with oxalate-calcium crystallluria in the stage exacerbation disease. It was established reliable decreasing of indications kidney function, and increasing oxaluria, and also reducing general albumin and increasing the level of medium molecul, M-RP. Assessment results of research in functional state of kidneys and the medi-um level of molecul in blood plasm in children with Chronic Pyelonephritis showed diagnostical significance to identify MM, as diagnostic method of EI.

Studies have shown that the modified hemostatic cover based on Na-Ca-CMC at various parenchymal
hemorrhage gives stable hemostatic effect. Microscopically observed complete resolution inplantiruemoy hemostatic cover. Strengthening of regenerative processes in the parenchyma, particularly in the area of damage restoration appear beam structure of the liver, the disappearance of edema and hyperemia. New he-mostatic material as hemostatic cover can be applied to stop bleeding in parenchymal injury and partial hepa-tectomy.

At the experiment on the rats affected with carbophos and tetrachloromethane, it was established the antioxydant and antihypoxant activities of mexidol, that is confirmed by the reducing of the free radical oxi-dation processes, which are activated after the poisoning, as well as the increasing of the enzyme’s activities of the tissue respiration of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase after their reduction during in-toxication.

The stomach fundus structure of some mammals with different types of nutrition and their morpholog-ic and morphometric relations was studied. For this experiment 10 hedgehogs, 10 susliks and 10 cats were used. General structure in stomach walls of some mammals that were fed in different conditions with differ-ent type of nutrition, the thickness of their layers and the location of their proper glands are related to their nutritional conditions.

The morphological features of a thyroid gland were studied at immobilization stress. Is shown a pro-tective role of melatonin in mechanisms of correction of morphological changes of a thyroid gland at a stress

Aim of investigation: to detect the topographic-anatomical relationship of the pancreas in the embry-onic period of human ontogenesis. The study was made on 5 step by step series of the histological sections of human embryos using the microscopic method and the method of plastic reconstruction. The study found that at the end of 5th week of the embryonic period caudally from stomach the laying of pancreas develops. It is located tightly to the laying of duodenum. During this period, when the dorsal pancreas active develops the blood islets a forming, within the mesenchy me which surrounds them, the mesenchymal cordsand fi-brous structures are visible. In the dorsal mesentery the dense structure that is made of mesenchymal cells. It is embryo spleen. In embryosat the end of 6th weekthe dorsal pancreas and ventral pancreas have not grouped each other, but most likely under the influence of the growth of organs that surround them: the liver, stomach, duodenum, and also as a result of growth of these germs the ventral pancreas displays shifts to the left and dorsally, coming toward the dorsal laying of the pancreas.