Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)

Psixologiya o‘qitish metodikasi zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida muhim o‘rin tutadi. Psixologiya fanini o‘rgatishda samarali metodik yondashuvlarni qo‘llash nafaqat talabalarning bilim darajasini oshirishga, balki ularning shaxsiy rivojlanishiga ham katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu maqolada psixologiya o‘qitish metodikasining asosiy tamoyillari, usullari, zamonaviy yondashuvlari va amaliy ahamiyati ma'lumotlar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada texnologik ta’limda innovatsion metodlarni joriy etishning zarurati, ularning o‘quv jarayoniga ta’siri hamda samaradorligi atroflicha tahlil qilingan. An’anaviy ta’lim shakllaridan farqli ravishda, interfaol va innovatsion metodlar o‘quvchilarni dars jarayonida faol ishtirok etishga, mustaqil fikrlash va muammoli vaziyatlarni yechishga o‘rgatadi. Xususan, loyiha asosida o‘qitish, “aqliy hujum”, “fikrlar kartasi”, rolli o‘yinlar, “besh barmoq” va “klaster” metodlarining qo‘llanilishi orqali o‘quvchilarning amaliy ko‘nikmalari, ijodiy yondashuvi va ijtimoiy faolligi rivojlanishi ta’kidlangan. Shuningdek, maqolada zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari (AKT) yordamida darslarni interaktiv tashkil etish, multimediya vositalari orqali mavzuni chuqurroq o‘zlashtirish imkoniyatlari ham yoritilgan. Ilmiy-nazariy tahlillar va amaliy kuzatuvlarga tayangan holda, innovatsion metodlarning texnologik ta’lim sifatini oshirishdagi roli asoslab berilgan va tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan.

Har bir oila o‘zining ehtiyoji, imkoniyati va tushunchasiga qarab xonalarni o‘ziga xos qilib jihozlaydi. Xonalarni jihozlashda xonalarning soni, hajmi, o‘zaro mutanosibligi, eshik va derazalarning o‘lchami, shakllari, xonalarga kunduzgi yorug‘likning qanchalik tushishi va shu kabilar katta rol o‘ynaydi.
Ushbu maqolada uy jihozlash usullari haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada sun'iy intellekt (AI) texnologiyalarining zamonaviy ta'limga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatayotgani, ularning ta'lim jarayonini qanday o'zgartirgani va kelajakda ta'lim sohasida qanday yangi imkoniyatlar va qiyinchiliklar kutilayotgani haqida so'z yuritilgan. Maqolada AI ning shaxsiylashtirilgan o'qitish, avtomatlashtirilgan baholash, chatbotlar va masofaviy ta'limdagi roli, shuningdek, AR/VR kabi zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan uyg'unligi ko'rib chiqilgan. Bundan tashqari, AI ning ta'lim sohasida qo'llanilishi bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlar xavfsizligi, adolatli imkoniyatlar va o'qituvchilarning yangi ko'nikmalar bilan ta'minlanishi kabi muhim masalalar ham yoritilgan

1. M-learning konsepsiyasining rivojlanishi va ta’limdagi ahamiyati

So‘nggi o‘n yilliklarda mobil qurilmalar, internetga keng kirish imkoniyati va bulutli texnologiyalarning jadal rivojlanishi natijasida ta’lim sohasida yangi yondashuv — mobil ta’lim yoki M-learning aniq shakllandi. Bu konsepsiya o‘quvchilarga o‘z bilimlarini istalgan joyda va vaqtda, shaxsiy ehtiyojlari va imkoniyatlariga moslab o‘rganish imkonini beradi. 

Communication is now more crucial than ever in the world that is becoming more interconnected by the day. A common language is frequently required when individuals from other nations communicate via travel, business, education, and the internet. For a variety of reasons, English has assumed this function. It is a "global language" due to its widespread

Ushbu maqolada tilshunoslikdagi muhim jarayonlar – transkripsiya va transliteratsiya tushunchalari, ularning o‘zaro farqlari, amaliy qo‘llanilishi va oʻzbek tilidagi oʻrni yoritiladi.

This study investigates how well web-based tools can help medical students' English language proficiency. Given the significance of English in clinical communication and medical research, medical students must become highly proficient in the language. Students improved their medical English vocabulary, grammar, and communication skills during a six-week period by using programs like Lingvist, Meducation, and BabelMed. Surveys, instructor feedback, and pre- and post-assessments were used to collect data. The findings showed notable gains in clinical communication abilities, reading comprehension, and word retention. Additionally, students said they felt more comfortable using medical English in clinical and academic contexts. The study comes to the conclusion that web-based applications are useful resources for enhancing conventional language training because they provide individualized learning opportunities that aid in students' language development in a medical setting.

Mazkur maqolada avtomobil uzatmalar qutisining muhim konstruktiv elementi bo‘lgan ikkilamchi valning tuzilishi, vazifalari va ishlash prinsipi chuqur texnik tahlil asosida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Ikkilamchi val avtomobilning harakatga kelishida dvigatelda hosil bo‘lgan burama momentni g‘ildiraklarga uzatishda asosiy bog‘lovchi bo‘g‘in hisoblanadi. Uning konstruktiv xususiyatlari, joylashuvi, ishlash mexanizmi, material tanlovi va xizmat ko‘rsatish jarayonlari haqida ishonchli manbalarga asoslangan holda batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Maqolada sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarining media kontentlar yaratishdagi o‘rni, qo‘llanilish yo‘nalishlari, afzalliklari va xavf-xatarlar tahlil qilinadi. Matn, audio, tasvir, video va tavsiyaviy tizimlarda SI’ning amaliy imkoniyatlari, samarali foydalanish usullari hamda axloqiy va huquqiy jihatlar yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada axborot texnologiyalari fanlarini o‘qitishda talabalarni guruh bo‘lib ishlashining ahamiyati yoritilgan. Guruhiy ishlar orqali talabalarda muloqot, liderlik, muammolarni hal qilish va jamoada ishlash kabi ko‘nikmalar shakllanishi, o‘qituvchi va texnologik vositalarning bu jarayondagi roli, shuningdek samarali guruhiy o‘qitish metodlari haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan.

Mazkur maqolada inson qadri va jamiyatdagi o'rni, ayniqsa, ijtimoiy mediatsiyaning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Mediatsiya, ikki yoki undan ortiq tomonlar o'rtasidagi nizolarni tinch yo'l bilan hal qilish jarayoni sifatida, jamiyatda o'zaro hurmat va tinchlikni saqlashda hal qiluvchi rol o'ynaydi. Inson qadri, uning axloqiy nuqtai nazari, boshqalar bilan bo'lgan munosabatlarida o'zini qanday tutishi, ijtimoiy mediatsiya jarayoniga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatishini o'rganadi. Shuningdek, maqolada mediatsiyaning jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy ziddiyatlarni bartaraf etish, o'zaro tushunish va hamkorlikni mustahkamlashdagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, tinchlikni ta'minlash va do'stona muhit yaratishdagi roli haqida so'z boradi. Bu maqola o'zaro hurmat, adolat va tinchlikni saqlash uchun insonlarning bir-birini anglash va murosaga kelish orqali jamiyatni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan dolzarb fikrlarni taqdim etadi.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), primarily resulting from coronary artery disease (CAD), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the classification of IHD, including stable and unstable angina, and myocardial infarction (MI). It also discusses contemporary treatment strategies encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and revascularization procedures.

Ushbu maqola madaniy kodlar va ramzlarning siyosiy safarbarlik jarayonidagi muhim o‘rnini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Madaniy kodlar va ramzlar jamiyatning ma’naviy va madaniy asoslarini ifodalovchi belgilar sifatida, siyosiy harakatlarni shakllantirish va xalqni bir maqsad atrofida birlashtirishda kuchli vosita hisoblanadi. Maqolada milliy bayroqlar, timsollar va tana harakatlarining siyosiy safarbarlikda qanday qo‘llanilishi va ular orqali qanday motivatsiya yaratilishi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, madaniy kodlar va ramzlarning siyosiy kommunikatsiya va identifikatsiyadagi roli, ularning jamiyatda siyosiy ongni shakllantirishdagi ahamiyati misollar va nazariy tushunchalar yordamida bayon etiladi. Ushbu tahlil siyosatshunoslik, madaniyatshunoslik va ijtimoiy psixologiya sohalariga oid bilimlarni integratsiyalash orqali siyosiy safarbarlik jarayonini yanada chuqurroq anglash imkonini beradi.

Ushbu maqolada sinfda yuzaga keladigan to‘qnashuvlarning sabablari, ularning ta’lim jarayoniga ta’siri hamda ularni oldini olish va samarali hal etish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Murosaga kelish va konstruktiv muloqot orqali ijobiy sinf muhitini shakllantirish yo‘nalishidagi amaliy usullar, xususan, “Win-Win” strategiyasi, faol tinglash va mediatorlik yondashuvlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada shuningdek o‘quvchilarda murosaga kelish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiluvchi trening mashg‘ulotlari, rolli o‘yinlar va guruhli ishlash metodlari bayon etilgan. Pedagoglarga mo‘ljallangan ushbu material sinfdagi ijtimoiy-psixologik muvozanatni ta’minlash, o‘quvchilarning ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanishini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda samarali vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Oila - ma’daniyat va tarbiyaning eng kichik birlashmasi hisoblanadi. Farzand tug’ilibdiki, yangi xulq-atvorni avvalo ona, keyinroq esa ota obrazi orqali o’zlashtiradi. Ota-ona uchun farzand tarbiyasi birlamchi vazifa sanaladi. Ushbu maqolada har bir yosh avlodning barkamol shaxs sifatida shakllanishida oilaning o’rni, farzand tarbiyasida ota-onaning ahamiyati, oilaviy munosabatlar borasida olimlar fikrlari haqida mulohazalar bayon etilgan.

Mazkur maqolada individuallik va uning psixologik muammolari o‘rganiladi. Individuallik psixologiyasi, shaxsning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, xarakteri, ehtiyojlari, qobiliyatlari va ularning ijtimoiy muhitdagi o‘rni haqida tasavvurlarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan. Maqolada individuallikning rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar, shaxsiy identifikatsiya, o‘z-o‘zini anglash va ijtimoiy munosabatlar bilan bog‘liq psixologik muammolar tahlil qilinadi.

   Psixologik xizmatlar - bu psixologik yordam, maslahat, qo‘llab-quvvatlash va turli psixologik muammolarni hal qilishga qaratilgan faoliyatlar to‘plamidir. Ushbu xizmatlar, odatda, psixologlar tomonidan taqdim etiladi va shaxsiy, ijtimoiy, emosional yoki kognitiv muammolarni yengish, stressni boshqarish, shaxsiy o‘sish va rivojlanish, o‘z-o‘zini anglashni chuqurlashtirish va sog‘lom psixologik holatni ta’minlash uchun yordam beradi. Psixologik xizmatlar ta’lim muassasalarida o‘quvchilarning ruhiy va emosional ehtiyojlarini qondirishga, ularning psixologik salomatligini saqlashga, shaxsiy va ijtimoiy moslashuvini qo‘llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan bo‘ladi.

Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda tafakkur jarayonining buzilishiga olib keluvchi asosiy omillar tahlil qilinadi. Psixologik, biologik va ijtimoiy omillar tafakkur rivojlanishiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi yoritib beriladi. Shuningdek, nevrologik muammolar, ota-onaning tarbiyadagi xatolari, psixologik travmalar va ijtimoiy muhitning salbiy omillari bolalarning intellektual rivojlanishiga qanday salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi misollar orqali ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.

This article provides a detailed overview of economic terminology, emphasizing its specialized nature and essential role in conveying economic knowledge across various fields, including academia, policy, business, and international communication. It explores how economic terms evolve alongside developments in the global economy and discusses the contextual, linguistic, and cognitive aspects of terminology variation. The article also addresses the complexity of translating economic texts, highlighting the importance of applying appropriate translation theories—especially the principle of equivalence—and the necessity of standardization in economic translation practices. Through referencing key scholars like Nida and Catford, the paper underscores the importance of accurate and context-sensitive translation for ensuring clarity and consistency in multilingual economic discourse.

Spiele sind ein grundlegender Bestandteil der menschlichen Kultur und beeinflussen unsere Emotionen, unser Verhalten und sogar unsere kognitiven Prozesse. In den letzten Jahren haben Pädagogen und Forscher die Rolle von Spielen im Lernprozess untersucht, wobei der Schwerpunkt darauf lag, wie sie die Konzentration, das Gedächtnis und die allgemeine akademische Leistung fördern oder behindern können. Dieser Artikel bietet eine ausführliche Analyse der Auswirkungen des Musikhörens auf das Lernen, unterstützt durch Forschungsergebnisse und praktische Einblicke.

Bulutli hisoblash (Cloud computing) – bu maʼlumotlarni saqlash, dasturiy taʼminot va hisoblash resurslarini Internet orqali taqdim etish texnologiyasi. Ushbu maqola bulutli hisoblashning asosiy turlari (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), afzalliklari (arzonlik, masshtablanuvchanlik, ishonchlilik) va qoʻllanilishi (biznes, taʼlim, sogʻliqni saqlash) haqida batafsil maʼlumot beradi. Shuningdek, bulut texnologiyalarining xavfsizlik muammolari, yangi trendlari (koʻp bulutli strategiyalar, sunʼiy intellekt bilan integratsiya) va kelajakdagi rivojlanish yoʻnalishlari tahlil qilinadi.

Скважиналарни бурғилаш жараёнида тоғ жинсларини парчаланиш жараёнига, уларнинг қуйидаги асосий физик-механик хусусиятлари, яъни, эластиклиги, пластиклиги, қаттиқлиги, абразивлиги ва яхлитлиги  таъсир этади.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the problems affecting the increase in fuel consumption of mine dump trucks, as well as the efficiency of BelAZ dump trucks. Various methods of determining fuel consumption rates for dump trucks have also been analysed. As a result of the study, data on the operation of dump trucks from the road transport department of the Central Mining Department of Navoi Mining Division of Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine were collected, and the factors affecting the consumption of diesel fuel were analysed. As a result of researches the estimation of operational indicators of dump trucks is given, and also the indicators influencing fuel consumption during transportation of rock mass are revealed. In addition, several methods of calculation of fuel consumption are proposed and additional parameters affecting this indicator are determined. As a result of the research, recommendations were developed to improve efficiency by reducing fuel consumption during the operation of dump trucks.

The article presents a mathematical development that allows determining the optimal ratio of construction and operational parameters of dump trucks, ensuring the stability of its movement when passing through uneven, deep areas of highways. The theory and results of experimental studies on the damage of truck transmissions as a result of the influence of road defects on the movement of a dump truck on unsuitable quarry roads are presented.

Effective operation of crankcase hydraulic excavators in a hydraulic system is significantly affected by temperature conditions. In the hydraulic system, a sharp increase in the temperature of the working fluid or of the parts on which the packing gaskets are applied leads to burning of the packing gaskets, resulting in a loss of their elasticity and an increase in their hardness.

Ushbu tezisda yorug‘likning dielektrik muhitga tushishida yuzaga keladigan aks ettirish va sinish hodisalari orqali qutblanish darajasi o‘rganiladi.Tadqiqotda yorug‘likning tushish burchagi o‘zgartirilganda ,aks ettirilgan va o‘tgan to‘lqinlarning qutblanish darajasidagi o‘zgarishlar nazariy va eksperemental usullar bilan tahlil qilindi.Brewster burchagi yaqinida aks ettirilgan yoruglikning to‘liq qutblanishi tasdiqlandi.Natijalar qutblangan yorug‘lik asosida ishlovchi optik qurilmalarni loyihalashda foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

Mazkur maqolada foyda solig‘i stavkalari, soliqni hisoblab chiqarish va to‘lash tartibi mavzusini talabalarga samarali yetkazish bo‘yicha interfaol o‘qitish metodlari yoritilgan. Mavzuning nazariy asoslari bilan birga amaliy yondashuvlar, xususan muammoli vaziyatlar, “aqliy hujum”, klaster, SWOT-tahlil kabi metodlar qo‘llanishi orqali o‘quv jarayonida erishilayotgan yutuqlar tahlil qilinadi.

Valeology, derived from the Latin "valeo" meaning "to be healthy", is the interdisciplinary science of health and healthy living. It combines elements of medicine, psychology, pedagogy, and social sciences to study human health, its maintenance, and promotion. This article explores the foundations of valeology, its key principles, and its relevance in contemporary medical practice, especially in disease prevention, health promotion, and patient education.

This article provides a detailed overview of economic terminology, emphasizing its specialized nature and essential role in conveying economic knowledge across various fields, including academia, policy, business, and international communication. It explores how economic terms evolve alongside developments in the global economy and discusses the contextual, linguistic, and cognitive aspects of terminology variation. The article also addresses the complexity of translating economic texts, highlighting the importance of applying appropriate translation theories—especially the principle of equivalence—and the necessity of standardization in economic translation practices. Through referencing key scholars like Nida and Catford, the paper underscores the importance of accurate and context-sensitive translation for ensuring clarity and consistency in multilingual economic discourse.

This article explores the role of a learner's first language (L1) in the process of second language acquisition (SLA). Drawing on key theories such as Krashen's Input Hypothesis, Cummins’ Interdependence Hypothesis, and sociocultural perspectives, the paper highlights both the facilitating and hindering effects of L1 on learning a second language (L2). While L1 can serve as a cognitive and pedagogical tool, helping learners understand and retain new linguistic concepts, excessive reliance on L1 may lead to negative transfer and reduced immersion in the target language. Through a balanced review of research and practical implications, this study underscores the need for thoughtful integration of L1 in L2 classrooms, advocating for strategic use that supports comprehension without limiting exposure to authentic L2 input. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators on how to effectively harness the benefits of L1 while minimizing its potential drawbacks.

Ushbu maqola Alisher Navoiy asarlarida ayol obrazlari, ularning jamiyatdagi o‘rni va gender yondashuv doirasidagi talqinlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Asosiy e’tibor Navoiy ijodida ayollar qanday ideallashtirilgani, tasavvufiy va ma’naviy ramz sifatida qanday ifodalangani, shuningdek, zamonaviy gender nazariyalari kontekstida qanday talqin qilinishi mumkinligiga qaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiy ijodidagi tabiat obrazlari ekologik adabiyotshunoslik — ekokritik yondashuv asosida tahlil qilinadi. Navoiy asarlarida tabiat unsurlari nafaqat estetik bezak sifatida, balki inson ruhiy holati, axloqiy fazilatlari va ijtimoiy munosabatlarning ramzi sifatida talqin qilinadi. Maqolada bog‘, gul, daryo, shamol, qush kabi tabiat elementlari poetik funksiyada o‘rganiladi hamda ular orqali muallifning ekologik ongga ega bo‘lganini ko‘rsatish maqsad qilingan. Bu tahlil Navoiy merosini zamonaviy ekologik muammolar kontekstida qayta o‘qishga imkon beradi.

Производство серной кислоты основано на абсорбции и окислении газа SO₂ в печном газе до нитрозы. Нитрозоаты — соединения оксидов азота в растворе серной кислоты. В процессе окисления тетраоксида серы нитрозным методом функцию обеспечения его кислородом выполняют оксиды азота.

В статье представлены результаты лабораторных исследований, направленных на снижение горючести вторичных полиэтиленовых композиций. Исследования проводились с использованием специально разработанной рецептуры, включающей добавки, уменьшающие горючесть материала. Особое внимание уделено процессу усадки, происходящему при переработке полиэтиленовых композиций, который оказывает значительное влияние на их физико-химические свойства. Рассматриваются различные факторы, такие как температура переработки, состав добавок и время воздействия, и их влияние на огнестойкость и механические характеристики материала. На основе полученных данных анализируются оптимальные условия переработки для достижения наилучших результатов по снижению горючести, а также приводятся рекомендации по дальнейшему улучшению свойств композиций для их применения в различных отраслях.

В статье рассмотрены основные методы и направления улучшения технологических свойств полимерных материалов. Описаны современные подходы к модификации полимеров с целью повышения их перерабатываемости, механической прочности, термостойкости и других важных параметров. Особое внимание уделяется использованию различных добавок, а также разработке композиционных материалов на основе полимеров. Рассмотрены примеры успешных технологических решений и перспективы дальнейших исследований в области полимерных технологий.

В статье рассматриваются современные методы и механизмы утилизации полимерных материалов, а также экспериментальное исследование эффективности пиролиза в процессе переработки полимерных отходов. Описаны основные этапы разложения полимеров, получаемые продукты и влияние параметров процесса на качество конечного продукта. Представлены результаты проведённого эксперимента по термическому разложению полимерных образцов и их анализ.

В статье рассматриваются особенности и механизм действия одного из наиболее широко используемых антипиренов — полифосфата аммония (ПФА). Описаны его физико-химические свойства, термическое поведение, а также процессы, происходящие при термическом воздействии на полимерные материалы с добавлением ПФА. Показано, каким образом он способствует формированию защитного углеродистого слоя и препятствует распространению пламени. Проведён анализ современных направлений применения ПФА в огнезащитных системах, в том числе в составе интенсифицированных многокомпонентных композиций.

В данной работе рассматривается роль полимерных материалов в современной промышленности, а также актуальные направления их модификации для повышения эксплуатационных характеристик, в том числе огнестойкости. Особое внимание уделяется использованию антипиренов, их классификации, механизму действия и эффективности. Рассматриваются современные подходы к созданию полимерных композитов с улучшенными свойствами на основе локального сырья и многофункциональных добавок. Представлен анализ физико-химических процессов, происходящих при горении материалов, и пути их ингибирования с помощью современных огнезащитных составов.

В настоящее время синтез координационных соединений из металлов и металлорганических лигандов осуществляется путем получения металлокомплексов непосредственно в газовой и жидкой фазах. Координационные соединения — молекулярные и p-комплексы — позволили получить ди- и полиядерные структуры.

Инфильтрация является одним из важнейших свойств при переработке полимеров. При проектировании форм для литья полимеров особое внимание следует уделять проникновению.

Mazkur maqola zamonaviy ta’limda tabiiy, aniq va muhandislik-texnologiya fanlarini o‘qitishda ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalarni joriy etishning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Talabalarning mustaqil fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirish, bilimlarni chuqur o‘zlashtirish hamda amaliy ko‘nikmalar shakillantirishda innovatsion metodlar asosida ta’lim berishning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi.

Mazkur maqolada fortepiaono ijrosi va musiqaning inson organizmiga kognitiv ijobiy samaradorligi, olim va mutafakkirlarning nazariy ilmiy izlanish va tadqiqotlari tahlili keltirib o‘tilgan. 

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy musiqashunoslik va etnomusiqashunoslik sohalaridagi dolzarb muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, an'anaviy musiqa merosining saqlanishi, raqamlashtirish jarayonidagi qiyinchiliklar, yosh avlodning milliy musiqaga qiziqishini oshirish yo'llari, hamda ilmiy tadqiqotlar va ta'lim jarayonidagi muammolar muhokama etiladi. Muallif mavjud muammolarga ilmiy yondashuv asosida yechimlar taklif qiladi va sohaga oid innovatsion yondashuvlarning ahamiyatini ta’kidlaydi. Maqola musiqiy madaniyatni chuqur o‘rganish, uni targ‘ib qilish hamda saqlab qolish yo‘lidagi dolzarb masalalarni yoritishga qaratilgan.

Anemiya kasallik emas, balki qon tizimining birlamchi shikastlanishi yoki unga aloqasi bo’lmagan aksariyat kasallik va patologiyalar bilan bog’liq bo’lgan simptom sanaladi. Odamda kamqonlik o’tkir qon yo’qotishi, qizil qon hujayralari ishlab chiqarilishining buzilishi, aplastik, temir tanqisligi, megaloblast, sideroblast turi, surunkali kasalliklarga qarshi kurashish va oldini olish kabi xususiyatlar yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada ipotekani kreditlash tizimini takomillashtirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Unda ipoteka kreditlari orqali aholini uy-joy bilan ta’minlashdagi muammolar, amaldagi moliyaviy mexanizmlar, tijorat banklarining roli va davlat tomonidan ko‘rsatilayotgan qo‘llab-quvvatlov choralariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, xorijiy tajribalar tahlil qilinib, O‘zbekistonda ipoteka kreditlash tizimini yanada samarali qilish bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Takomillashgan ipoteka tizimi aholining uy-joy sharoitini yaxshilash, iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash va qurilish sohasini rivojlantirishda muhim o‘rin egallashi mumkinligi asoslab berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Chebishov interpolatsiya usuli yordamida avtobus qatnovi vaqtida yo‘lovchilar sonini bashorat qilish masalasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Masala hayotiy holat asosida – soat 7:00 dan 9:00 gacha bo‘lgan vaqtda avtobus bekatida yo‘lovchilar sonining o‘zgarishi misolida ishlab chiqilgan. Chebishov ko‘paytmalari, ularning xossalari va interpolatsion polinom tuzish bosqichlari batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Yakuniy natija sifatida yo‘lovchilar sonini vaqtga bog‘lab hisoblovchi analitik formula hosil qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, modelni Python dasturlash tilida amaliy tarzda qo‘llash imkoniyati ham ko‘rib chiqilgan. Mazkur tadqiqot sonli usullar fanini real hayotiy muammolar bilan bog‘lash orqali talabalarda mavzuga nisbatan qiziqish uyg‘otishni maqsad qiladi.

Ushbu maqola orqali Qo‘qon xonligidagi soliqlarning turlari ularning miqdori va soliqlar yukining dehqonlar gardaniga juda og‘ir tushishi, soliq yig‘ishdagi suiistemolliklar, Xudayorxon davridagi yangi soliqlarni joriy etilishi, Qo‘qon xonligining soliq tizimi va boshqa O‘rta Osiyo xonliklaridan farq qilishligini bilib olasiz.

Agar shaxs jamiyat talablarini to‘liq qabul qilsa va ularga shartsiz amal qilsa, bu konformizm deb ataladi. Aksincha, me’yorlarni rad etish yoki ularni buzish esa deviatsiya deb yuritiladi va bu holat turli deviant xulq-atvor shakllarida namoyon bo‘ladi. Tarixan, jamiyat doimo inson xulqatvorining norma va qadriyatlarga zid bo‘lgan shakllariga qarshi chiqqan. Chunki har qanday og‘ish, xoh u ijobiy bo‘lsin, xoh salbiy, mavjud ijtimoiy muvozanat va barqarorlikni izdan chiqarishi mumkin.

В данной статье рассматривается жизнь и творчество известного русского писателя Андрея Платоновича Платонова. Особое внимание уделено его литературному стилю, темам и идеям, которые проходят красной нитью через все его творчество.

Har bir bola, maktabga borish davridan boshlaboq muvaffaqiyatga erishishga harakat qiladi, ammo bolalarning hammasi ham bir xil ko'rsatkichda o'zlashtira olmaydi va muvaffaqiyatga erishish ular uchun bir muncha mashaqqatli bo'lib tuyiladi.

Mazkur maqolada ona tili taʼlimida erkin tarbiya texnologiyasining nazariy asoslari, pedagogik ahamiyati, uni amaliyotga tadbiq etish jarayonlari va bu boradagi dolzarb muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Muallif zamonaviy innovatsion yondashuvlar orqali ona tili darslarining samaradorligini oshirishda erkin tarbiya texnologiyasi imkoniyatlaridan foydalanish yo‘llarini ochib beradi. Tadqiqot doirasida erkin taʼlim konsepsiyasi asosida o‘tkazilgan sinovlar, dars ishlanmalari, empirik kuzatuvlar asosida xulosa chiqarilgan                           

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston umumta’lim maktablari uchun ishlab chiqilgan yangi avlod ona tili darsliklarida yozma nutqni shakllantirishga qaratilgan topshiriqlarning pedagogik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda topshiriqlar turlari, ularning sinflar kesimidagi murakkablik darajasi, vazifalari va o‘quvchining muloqot kompetensiyasiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, topshiriqlarning shaxsiy fikr bildirish, ijodiy tafakkurni rivojlantirish va matn yaratish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdagi roli empirik kuzatuvlar asosida baholanadi. Natijalar yangi darsliklar tarkibida yozma nutq topshiriqlarini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalarni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada Arab musulmon madaniyatining keng yoyilishi “islom renessansi” vujudga kelishi va IX-XI asrlar musulmon fani va madaniyati tarixida katta yutuqlar va muhim ilmiy kashfiyotlari haqida ma’lumot berib o’tgan. IX-XI asrlar musulmon fani va madaniyati tarixida katta yutuqlar va muhim ilmiy kashfiyotlar haqida ma’lumot berib o’tilgan. “Bayt al-hikma”ga asos solinib yirik ilmiy markazga aylangan haqida atroflicha ma’lumot berilgan.

The degree to which a language has maintained its original vocabulary, grammar, and structure without undergoing substantial influence or borrowing from other languages is commonly referred to as linguistic purity. Some languages are regarded as "pure" because of their historical continuity, geographic isolation, or intentional preservation attempts, even though no language is completely free from outside influence. Examples of languages known for their relative resistance to linguistic change or foreign borrowing are examined in this research, including Icelandic, Finnish, and Classical Hebrew. Because Icelandic is geographically and culturally isolated, it nevertheless has strong links to Old Norse. Being Uralic, Finnish has a distinct linguistic system with little Indo-European influence.

Addressing the varied learning needs of young students is becoming an increasingly difficult task for English language instructors in today's inclusive educational setting.  Depending on their cognitive, emotional, social, and linguistic profiles, children learn language in different ways and at varying rates.  This article highlights the psychological and linguistic elements that affect language acquisition while examining the significance of identifying children's various learning styles and aptitudes.  It also looks at how well inclusive teaching methods and differentiated instruction work in English classrooms.  The study offers evidence-based strategies for fostering language acquisition in mixed-ability groups through the use of engaging and interactive exercises. According to the results, utilizing a variety of teaching strategies helps all students, regardless of their learning profiles, and increases learner engagement and language outcomes.  In today's educational environment, it is imperative to adapt lessons and classroom experiences to each unique student.

According to the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH), language acquisition is most successful within a physiologically defined window of time.  It is thought that this phase ends  around adolescence, at which point learning a language becomes much more challenging and time-consuming.  Since its initial formulation by Eric Lenneberg in 1967, the hypothesis has served as a fundamental component of research on language acquisition and psycholinguistics.  There is conflicting but generally positive evidence from a large number of research concerning first and second language acquisition.  For example, younger second-language learners generally attain higher skill levels than adults, while children who are denied language input early in life frequently fail to properly acquire language later. Recent research using neuroimaging has also suggested age-related differences in brain plasticity associated with language learning. This article explores both classical and contemporary research on the topic, discusses counterarguments, and evaluates implications for language education. The findings indicate that while age is a significant factor, other variables—such as motivation, exposure, and context—also play a crucial role in language acquisition success.

Teaching food vocabulary to young learners can be both effective and enjoyable through interactive activities. This study explores various interactive methods, such as games, role-playing, storytelling, songs, and hands-on activities, to enhance vocabulary retention and engagement. Young learners benefit from multisensory experiences that make learning more meaningful and memorable. The study highlights how interactive approaches, including real-life simulations like grocery shopping or cooking activities, foster active participation and deeper understanding. Additionally, digital tools and multimedia resources can further support vocabulary acquisition. The findings suggest that integrating interactive activities into language learning improves motivation, comprehension, and long-term retention of food-related vocabulary in young learners.

The objective of this research is to explore the language register utilized during the Victorian Era. It aims to address three key questions: 1) How did the Industrial Revolution influence language choices in this period? 2) What expressions of language register were prevalent during the Victorian Era? This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing content analysis to examine the context, intentions, and messages conveyed in communication. It involves analyzing and drawing conclusions about the speakers as the addressors and the audience as the addressees of the texts. The research highlights societal issues of the Victorian Era, particularly the challenging circumstances faced by orphans and children during the Industrial Revolution, which serves as a central focus. Additionally, it emphasizes realism through its portrayal of authentic characters and settings, detailed depictions of daily life, believable plots, community dialects, character development, and the significance of illustrating social class.

This scoping review examines the significance of grammar in second language teaching and learning. Its primary focus is to synthesize relevant research and literature on grammar acquisition and to identify effective strategies for achieving it. Acquiring grammar involves the subconscious acceptance of grammatical knowledge, which is then utilized in communication. This implicit aspect complicates research efforts, highlighting the need for more information to enhance our understanding. Consequently, this review collected and analyzed recent studies from various databases, including both qualitative and quantitative research. Many language educators emphasize the importance of pedagogic grammar in second language acquisition. The review reveals that the study of grammar acquisition is essential and that further research is necessary to enrich existing knowledge. Such investigations can lead to improved strategies for facilitating grammar acquisition among language learners, ultimately enhancing both second language learning and teaching.

The objective of this research is to explore the language register utilized during the Victorian Era. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing content analysis to examine the context, intentions, and messages conveyed in communication. It involves analyzing and drawing conclusions about the speakers as the addressors and the audience as the addressees of the texts. The research highlights societal issues of the Victorian Era, particularly the challenging circumstances faced by orphans and children during the Industrial Revolution, which serves as a central focus. Additionally, it emphasizes realism through its portrayal of authentic characters and settings, detailed depictions of daily life, believable plots, community dialects, character development, and the significance of illustrating social class.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini husnixatga o‘rgatishda zarur bo‘lgan metodik shartlar tahlil qilinadi. Yozuv malakalarini shakllantirishda bosqichma-bosqichlik, o‘qituvchi faoliyati, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, hamda psixologik-pedagogik yondashuvlarning o‘rni ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. O‘quvchilarda nozik vosita mahorati va estetik tuyg‘usini rivojlantirishda zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari, o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash, yoshga mos strategiyalarni o‘zaro uyg‘unlashtirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda

Tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda talabalarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda CLIL yondashuvi o‘quv jarayonining samaradorligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) – bu mazmun va tilni birlashtirgan o‘qitish yondashuvi bo‘lib, unda tabiiy fanlar darslari orqali chet tilini o‘rganish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Bu yondashuv nafaqat fan bilimlarini chuqurlashtirish, balki til ko‘nikmalarini ham rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Ushbu tezisda tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda talabalarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda CLIL yondashuvning yo‘nalishi va ahamiyati haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan.

Intensivlik parametrik miqdorlarning birinchi bosqich belgilari bo‘lib, narsa-predmetlarning bevosita xususiyati sifatida harakat qiladi. Intensivlik nafaqat ekspressivlik o‘lchovi (asosan, matnga turli xil kuchaytirkichlarning kiritilishi bilan bog‘liq), balki uning tarkibiy qismi sifatida ham namoyon bo‘ladi. Agar gapda biron-bir xususiyat kuchayib ketsa, u holda umumiy gap ekspressivlikka ega bo‘lishi mumkin. Intensivlik miqdor o‘lchovi sifatida uni yuzaga keltiruvchi o‘ziga xos usullarga ega bo‘ladi.

Vaqf - islom moliyasi tizimining muhim xususiyatlaridan biri hisoblanadi. U ixtiyoriy xayriya shaklida namoyon bo‘lib, islom huquqida o‘ziga xos o‘rin egallaydi. Ushbu ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy omil jamiyat taraqqiyotini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda va rivojlanishida samarali bo‘lgani isbotlangan. Vaqf tizimi kambag‘allikni kamaytirish, ta’lim, tarbiya, sog‘liqni saqlash, ijtimoiy himoya va boshqa ko‘plab sohalarda farovonlikni ta’minlashda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qilgan. Mazkur maqolada vaqf tushunchasi va mohiyati, shuningdek, uning jamiyatdagi roli va barqaror rivojlanishning muhim tarkibiy qismi sifatidagi ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Asrlar davomida mavjud bo`lgan vaqflar va ularni musulmon dunyosiga qo`shgan hissasi ochib beriladi.

Addressing the varied learning needs of young students is becoming an increasingly difficult task for English language instructors in today's inclusive educational setting.  Depending on their cognitive, emotional, social, and linguistic profiles, children learn language in different ways and at varying rates.  This article highlights the psychological and linguistic elements that affect language acquisition while examining the significance of identifying children's various learning styles and aptitudes.  It also looks at how well inclusive teaching methods and differentiated instruction work in English classrooms.  The study offers evidence-based strategies for fostering language acquisition in mixed-ability groups through the use of engaging and interactive exercises. According to the results, utilizing a variety of teaching strategies helps all students, regardless of their learning profiles, and increases learner engagement and language outcomes.  In today's educational environment, it is imperative to adapt lessons and classroom experiences to each unique student.

According to the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH), language acquisition is most successful within a physiologically defined window of time.  It is thought that this phase ends  around adolescence, at which point learning a language becomes much more challenging and time-consuming.  Since its initial formulation by Eric Lenneberg in 1967, the hypothesis has served as a fundamental component of research on language acquisition and psycholinguistics.  There is conflicting but generally positive evidence from a large number of research concerning first and second language acquisition.  For example, younger second-language learners generally attain higher skill levels than adults, while children who are denied language input early in life frequently fail to properly acquire language later. Recent research using neuroimaging has also suggested age-related differences in brain plasticity associated with language learning. This article explores both classical and contemporary research on the topic, discusses counterarguments, and evaluates implications for language education. The findings indicate that while age is a significant factor, other variables—such as motivation, exposure, and context—also play a crucial role in language acquisition success.

Teaching food vocabulary to young learners can be both effective and enjoyable through interactive activities. This study explores various interactive methods, such as games, role-playing, storytelling, songs, and hands-on activities, to enhance vocabulary retention and engagement. Young learners benefit from multisensory experiences that make learning more meaningful and memorable. The study highlights how interactive approaches, including real-life simulations like grocery shopping or cooking activities, foster active participation and deeper understanding. Additionally, digital tools and multimedia resources can further support vocabulary acquisition. The findings suggest that integrating interactive activities into language learning improves motivation, comprehension, and long-term retention of food-related vocabulary in young learners.

The objective of this research is to explore the language register utilized during the Victorian Era. It aims to address three key questions: 1) How did the Industrial Revolution influence language choices in this period? 2) What expressions of language register were prevalent during the Victorian Era? This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing content analysis to examine the context, intentions, and messages conveyed in communication. It involves analyzing and drawing conclusions about the speakers as the addressors and the audience as the addressees of the texts. The research highlights societal issues of the Victorian Era, particularly the challenging circumstances faced by orphans and children during the Industrial Revolution, which serves as a central focus. Additionally, it emphasizes realism through its portrayal of authentic characters and settings, detailed depictions of daily life, believable plots, community dialects, character development, and the significance of illustrating social class.

This scoping review examines the significance of grammar in second language teaching and learning. Its primary focus is to synthesize relevant research and literature on grammar acquisition and to identify effective strategies for achieving it. Acquiring grammar involves the subconscious acceptance of grammatical knowledge, which is then utilized in communication. This implicit aspect complicates research efforts, highlighting the need for more information to enhance our understanding. Consequently, this review collected and analyzed recent studies from various databases, including both qualitative and quantitative research. Many language educators emphasize the importance of pedagogic grammar in second language acquisition. The review reveals that the study of grammar acquisition is essential and that further research is necessary to enrich existing knowledge. Such investigations can lead to improved strategies for facilitating grammar acquisition among language learners, ultimately enhancing both second language learning and teaching.

The objective of this research is to explore the language register utilized during the Victorian Era. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing content analysis to examine the context, intentions, and messages conveyed in communication. It involves analyzing and drawing conclusions about the speakers as the addressors and the audience as the addressees of the texts. The research highlights societal issues of the Victorian Era, particularly the challenging circumstances faced by orphans and children during the Industrial Revolution, which serves as a central focus. Additionally, it emphasizes realism through its portrayal of authentic characters and settings, detailed depictions of daily life, believable plots, community dialects, character development, and the significance of illustrating social class.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini husnixatga o‘rgatishda zarur bo‘lgan metodik shartlar tahlil qilinadi. Yozuv malakalarini shakllantirishda bosqichma-bosqichlik, o‘qituvchi faoliyati, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, hamda psixologik-pedagogik yondashuvlarning o‘rni ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. O‘quvchilarda nozik vosita mahorati va estetik tuyg‘usini rivojlantirishda zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari, o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash, yoshga mos strategiyalarni o‘zaro uyg‘unlashtirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda

Tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda talabalarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda CLIL yondashuvi o‘quv jarayonining samaradorligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) – bu mazmun va tilni birlashtirgan o‘qitish yondashuvi bo‘lib, unda tabiiy fanlar darslari orqali chet tilini o‘rganish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Bu yondashuv nafaqat fan bilimlarini chuqurlashtirish, balki til ko‘nikmalarini ham rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Ushbu tezisda tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda talabalarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda CLIL yondashuvning yo‘nalishi va ahamiyati haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan.

Intensivlik parametrik miqdorlarning birinchi bosqich belgilari bo‘lib, narsa-predmetlarning bevosita xususiyati sifatida harakat qiladi. Intensivlik nafaqat ekspressivlik o‘lchovi (asosan, matnga turli xil kuchaytirkichlarning kiritilishi bilan bog‘liq), balki uning tarkibiy qismi sifatida ham namoyon bo‘ladi. Agar gapda biron-bir xususiyat kuchayib ketsa, u holda umumiy gap ekspressivlikka ega bo‘lishi mumkin. Intensivlik miqdor o‘lchovi sifatida uni yuzaga keltiruvchi o‘ziga xos usullarga ega bo‘ladi.

Vaqf - islom moliyasi tizimining muhim xususiyatlaridan biri hisoblanadi. U ixtiyoriy xayriya shaklida namoyon bo‘lib, islom huquqida o‘ziga xos o‘rin egallaydi. Ushbu ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy omil jamiyat taraqqiyotini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda va rivojlanishida samarali bo‘lgani isbotlangan. Vaqf tizimi kambag‘allikni kamaytirish, ta’lim, tarbiya, sog‘liqni saqlash, ijtimoiy himoya va boshqa ko‘plab sohalarda farovonlikni ta’minlashda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qilgan. Mazkur maqolada vaqf tushunchasi va mohiyati, shuningdek, uning jamiyatdagi roli va barqaror rivojlanishning muhim tarkibiy qismi sifatidagi ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Asrlar davomida mavjud bo`lgan vaqflar va ularni musulmon dunyosiga qo`shgan hissasi ochib beriladi.

The degree to which a language has maintained its original vocabulary, grammar, and structure without undergoing substantial influence or borrowing from other languages is commonly referred to as linguistic purity. Some languages are regarded as "pure" because of their historical continuity, geographic isolation, or intentional preservation attempts, even though no language is completely free from outside influence. Examples of languages known for their relative resistance to linguistic change or foreign borrowing are examined in this research, including Icelandic, Finnish, and Classical Hebrew. Because Icelandic is geographically and culturally isolated, it nevertheless has strong links to Old Norse. Being Uralic, Finnish has a distinct linguistic system with little Indo-European influence.

Har bir bola, maktabga borish davridan boshlaboq muvaffaqiyatga erishishga harakat qiladi, ammo bolalarning hammasi ham bir xil ko'rsatkichda o'zlashtira olmaydi va muvaffaqiyatga erishish ular uchun bir muncha mashaqqatli bo'lib tuyiladi.

Har bir bola, maktabga borish davridan boshlaboq muvaffaqiyatga erishishga harakat qiladi, ammo bolalarning hammasi ham bir xil ko'rsatkichda o'zlashtira olmaydi va muvaffaqiyatga erishish ular uchun bir muncha mashaqqatli bo'lib tuyiladi.

The degree to which a language has maintained its original vocabulary, grammar, and structure without undergoing substantial influence or borrowing from other languages is commonly referred to as linguistic purity. Some languages are regarded as "pure" because of their historical continuity, geographic isolation, or intentional preservation attempts, even though no language is completely free from outside influence. Examples of languages known for their relative resistance to linguistic change or foreign borrowing are examined in this research, including Icelandic, Finnish, and Classical Hebrew. Because Icelandic is geographically and culturally isolated, it nevertheless has strong links to Old Norse. Being Uralic, Finnish has a distinct linguistic system with little Indo-European influence.

Addressing the varied learning needs of young students is becoming an increasingly difficult task for English language instructors in today's inclusive educational setting.  Depending on their cognitive, emotional, social, and linguistic profiles, children learn language in different ways and at varying rates.  This article highlights the psychological and linguistic elements that affect language acquisition while examining the significance of identifying children's various learning styles and aptitudes.  It also looks at how well inclusive teaching methods and differentiated instruction work in English classrooms.  The study offers evidence-based strategies for fostering language acquisition in mixed-ability groups through the use of engaging and interactive exercises. According to the results, utilizing a variety of teaching strategies helps all students, regardless of their learning profiles, and increases learner engagement and language outcomes.  In today's educational environment, it is imperative to adapt lessons and classroom experiences to each unique student.

According to the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH), language acquisition is most successful within a physiologically defined window of time.  It is thought that this phase ends  around adolescence, at which point learning a language becomes much more challenging and time-consuming.  Since its initial formulation by Eric Lenneberg in 1967, the hypothesis has served as a fundamental component of research on language acquisition and psycholinguistics.  There is conflicting but generally positive evidence from a large number of research concerning first and second language acquisition.  For example, younger second-language learners generally attain higher skill levels than adults, while children who are denied language input early in life frequently fail to properly acquire language later. Recent research using neuroimaging has also suggested age-related differences in brain plasticity associated with language learning. This article explores both classical and contemporary research on the topic, discusses counterarguments, and evaluates implications for language education. The findings indicate that while age is a significant factor, other variables—such as motivation, exposure, and context—also play a crucial role in language acquisition success.

Teaching food vocabulary to young learners can be both effective and enjoyable through interactive activities. This study explores various interactive methods, such as games, role-playing, storytelling, songs, and hands-on activities, to enhance vocabulary retention and engagement. Young learners benefit from multisensory experiences that make learning more meaningful and memorable. The study highlights how interactive approaches, including real-life simulations like grocery shopping or cooking activities, foster active participation and deeper understanding. Additionally, digital tools and multimedia resources can further support vocabulary acquisition. The findings suggest that integrating interactive activities into language learning improves motivation, comprehension, and long-term retention of food-related vocabulary in young learners.

The objective of this research is to explore the language register utilized during the Victorian Era. It aims to address three key questions: 1) How did the Industrial Revolution influence language choices in this period? 2) What expressions of language register were prevalent during the Victorian Era? This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing content analysis to examine the context, intentions, and messages conveyed in communication. It involves analyzing and drawing conclusions about the speakers as the addressors and the audience as the addressees of the texts. The research highlights societal issues of the Victorian Era, particularly the challenging circumstances faced by orphans and children during the Industrial Revolution, which serves as a central focus. Additionally, it emphasizes realism through its portrayal of authentic characters and settings, detailed depictions of daily life, believable plots, community dialects, character development, and the significance of illustrating social class.

This scoping review examines the significance of grammar in second language teaching and learning. Its primary focus is to synthesize relevant research and literature on grammar acquisition and to identify effective strategies for achieving it. Acquiring grammar involves the subconscious acceptance of grammatical knowledge, which is then utilized in communication. This implicit aspect complicates research efforts, highlighting the need for more information to enhance our understanding. Consequently, this review collected and analyzed recent studies from various databases, including both qualitative and quantitative research. Many language educators emphasize the importance of pedagogic grammar in second language acquisition. The review reveals that the study of grammar acquisition is essential and that further research is necessary to enrich existing knowledge. Such investigations can lead to improved strategies for facilitating grammar acquisition among language learners, ultimately enhancing both second language learning and teaching.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini husnixatga o‘rgatishda zarur bo‘lgan metodik shartlar tahlil qilinadi. Yozuv malakalarini shakllantirishda bosqichma-bosqichlik, o‘qituvchi faoliyati, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, hamda psixologik-pedagogik yondashuvlarning o‘rni ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. O‘quvchilarda nozik vosita mahorati va estetik tuyg‘usini rivojlantirishda zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari, o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash, yoshga mos strategiyalarni o‘zaro uyg‘unlashtirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda

Tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda talabalarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda CLIL yondashuvi o‘quv jarayonining samaradorligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) – bu mazmun va tilni birlashtirgan o‘qitish yondashuvi bo‘lib, unda tabiiy fanlar darslari orqali chet tilini o‘rganish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Bu yondashuv nafaqat fan bilimlarini chuqurlashtirish, balki til ko‘nikmalarini ham rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Ushbu tezisda tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda talabalarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda CLIL yondashuvning yo‘nalishi va ahamiyati haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan.

Intensivlik parametrik miqdorlarning birinchi bosqich belgilari bo‘lib, narsa-predmetlarning bevosita xususiyati sifatida harakat qiladi. Intensivlik nafaqat ekspressivlik o‘lchovi (asosan, matnga turli xil kuchaytirkichlarning kiritilishi bilan bog‘liq), balki uning tarkibiy qismi sifatida ham namoyon bo‘ladi. Agar gapda biron-bir xususiyat kuchayib ketsa, u holda umumiy gap ekspressivlikka ega bo‘lishi mumkin. Intensivlik miqdor o‘lchovi sifatida uni yuzaga keltiruvchi o‘ziga xos usullarga ega bo‘ladi.

Vaqf - islom moliyasi tizimining muhim xususiyatlaridan biri hisoblanadi. U ixtiyoriy xayriya shaklida namoyon bo‘lib, islom huquqida o‘ziga xos o‘rin egallaydi. Ushbu ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy omil jamiyat taraqqiyotini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda va rivojlanishida samarali bo‘lgani isbotlangan. Vaqf tizimi kambag‘allikni kamaytirish, ta’lim, tarbiya, sog‘liqni saqlash, ijtimoiy himoya va boshqa ko‘plab sohalarda farovonlikni ta’minlashda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qilgan. Mazkur maqolada vaqf tushunchasi va mohiyati, shuningdek, uning jamiyatdagi roli va barqaror rivojlanishning muhim tarkibiy qismi sifatidagi ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Asrlar davomida mavjud bo`lgan vaqflar va ularni musulmon dunyosiga qo`shgan hissasi ochib beriladi.

Mazkur maqolada fortepiaono ijrosi va musiqaning inson organizmiga kognitiv ijobiy samaradorligi, olim va mutafakkirlarning nazariy ilmiy izlanish va tadqiqotlari tahlili keltirib o‘tilgan. 

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy musiqashunoslik va etnomusiqashunoslik sohalaridagi dolzarb muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, an'anaviy musiqa merosining saqlanishi, raqamlashtirish jarayonidagi qiyinchiliklar, yosh avlodning milliy musiqaga qiziqishini oshirish yo'llari, hamda ilmiy tadqiqotlar va ta'lim jarayonidagi muammolar muhokama etiladi. Muallif mavjud muammolarga ilmiy yondashuv asosida yechimlar taklif qiladi va sohaga oid innovatsion yondashuvlarning ahamiyatini ta’kidlaydi. Maqola musiqiy madaniyatni chuqur o‘rganish, uni targ‘ib qilish hamda saqlab qolish yo‘lidagi dolzarb masalalarni yoritishga qaratilgan.

Anemiya kasallik emas, balki qon tizimining birlamchi shikastlanishi yoki unga aloqasi bo’lmagan aksariyat kasallik va patologiyalar bilan bog’liq bo’lgan simptom sanaladi. Odamda kamqonlik o’tkir qon yo’qotishi, qizil qon hujayralari ishlab chiqarilishining buzilishi, aplastik, temir tanqisligi, megaloblast, sideroblast turi, surunkali kasalliklarga qarshi kurashish va oldini olish kabi xususiyatlar yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada ipotekani kreditlash tizimini takomillashtirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Unda ipoteka kreditlari orqali aholini uy-joy bilan ta’minlashdagi muammolar, amaldagi moliyaviy mexanizmlar, tijorat banklarining roli va davlat tomonidan ko‘rsatilayotgan qo‘llab-quvvatlov choralariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, xorijiy tajribalar tahlil qilinib, O‘zbekistonda ipoteka kreditlash tizimini yanada samarali qilish bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Takomillashgan ipoteka tizimi aholining uy-joy sharoitini yaxshilash, iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash va qurilish sohasini rivojlantirishda muhim o‘rin egallashi mumkinligi asoslab berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Chebishov interpolatsiya usuli yordamida avtobus qatnovi vaqtida yo‘lovchilar sonini bashorat qilish masalasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Masala hayotiy holat asosida – soat 7:00 dan 9:00 gacha bo‘lgan vaqtda avtobus bekatida yo‘lovchilar sonining o‘zgarishi misolida ishlab chiqilgan. Chebishov ko‘paytmalari, ularning xossalari va interpolatsion polinom tuzish bosqichlari batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Yakuniy natija sifatida yo‘lovchilar sonini vaqtga bog‘lab hisoblovchi analitik formula hosil qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, modelni Python dasturlash tilida amaliy tarzda qo‘llash imkoniyati ham ko‘rib chiqilgan. Mazkur tadqiqot sonli usullar fanini real hayotiy muammolar bilan bog‘lash orqali talabalarda mavzuga nisbatan qiziqish uyg‘otishni maqsad qiladi.

Ushbu maqola orqali Qo‘qon xonligidagi soliqlarning turlari ularning miqdori va soliqlar yukining dehqonlar gardaniga juda og‘ir tushishi, soliq yig‘ishdagi suiistemolliklar, Xudayorxon davridagi yangi soliqlarni joriy etilishi, Qo‘qon xonligining soliq tizimi va boshqa O‘rta Osiyo xonliklaridan farq qilishligini bilib olasiz.

Agar shaxs jamiyat talablarini to‘liq qabul qilsa va ularga shartsiz amal qilsa, bu konformizm deb ataladi. Aksincha, me’yorlarni rad etish yoki ularni buzish esa deviatsiya deb yuritiladi va bu holat turli deviant xulq-atvor shakllarida namoyon bo‘ladi. Tarixan, jamiyat doimo inson xulqatvorining norma va qadriyatlarga zid bo‘lgan shakllariga qarshi chiqqan. Chunki har qanday og‘ish, xoh u ijobiy bo‘lsin, xoh salbiy, mavjud ijtimoiy muvozanat va barqarorlikni izdan chiqarishi mumkin.

В данной статье рассматривается жизнь и творчество известного русского писателя Андрея Платоновича Платонова. Особое внимание уделено его литературному стилю, темам и идеям, которые проходят красной нитью через все его творчество.

Har bir bola, maktabga borish davridan boshlaboq muvaffaqiyatga erishishga harakat qiladi, ammo bolalarning hammasi ham bir xil ko'rsatkichda o'zlashtira olmaydi va muvaffaqiyatga erishish ular uchun bir muncha mashaqqatli bo'lib tuyiladi.

Mazkur maqolada ona tili taʼlimida erkin tarbiya texnologiyasining nazariy asoslari, pedagogik ahamiyati, uni amaliyotga tadbiq etish jarayonlari va bu boradagi dolzarb muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Muallif zamonaviy innovatsion yondashuvlar orqali ona tili darslarining samaradorligini oshirishda erkin tarbiya texnologiyasi imkoniyatlaridan foydalanish yo‘llarini ochib beradi. Tadqiqot doirasida erkin taʼlim konsepsiyasi asosida o‘tkazilgan sinovlar, dars ishlanmalari, empirik kuzatuvlar asosida xulosa chiqarilgan                           

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston umumta’lim maktablari uchun ishlab chiqilgan yangi avlod ona tili darsliklarida yozma nutqni shakllantirishga qaratilgan topshiriqlarning pedagogik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda topshiriqlar turlari, ularning sinflar kesimidagi murakkablik darajasi, vazifalari va o‘quvchining muloqot kompetensiyasiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, topshiriqlarning shaxsiy fikr bildirish, ijodiy tafakkurni rivojlantirish va matn yaratish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdagi roli empirik kuzatuvlar asosida baholanadi. Natijalar yangi darsliklar tarkibida yozma nutq topshiriqlarini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalarni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada Arab musulmon madaniyatining keng yoyilishi “islom renessansi” vujudga kelishi va IX-XI asrlar musulmon fani va madaniyati tarixida katta yutuqlar va muhim ilmiy kashfiyotlari haqida ma’lumot berib o’tgan. IX-XI asrlar musulmon fani va madaniyati tarixida katta yutuqlar va muhim ilmiy kashfiyotlar haqida ma’lumot berib o’tilgan. “Bayt al-hikma”ga asos solinib yirik ilmiy markazga aylangan haqida atroflicha ma’lumot berilgan.

This article explores the role of a learner's first language (L1) in the process of second language acquisition (SLA). Drawing on key theories such as Krashen's Input Hypothesis, Cummins’ Interdependence Hypothesis, and sociocultural perspectives, the paper highlights both the facilitating and hindering effects of L1 on learning a second language (L2). While L1 can serve as a cognitive and pedagogical tool, helping learners understand and retain new linguistic concepts, excessive reliance on L1 may lead to negative transfer and reduced immersion in the target language. Through a balanced review of research and practical implications, this study underscores the need for thoughtful integration of L1 in L2 classrooms, advocating for strategic use that supports comprehension without limiting exposure to authentic L2 input. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators on how to effectively harness the benefits of L1 while minimizing its potential drawbacks.

Ushbu maqola Alisher Navoiy asarlarida ayol obrazlari, ularning jamiyatdagi o‘rni va gender yondashuv doirasidagi talqinlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Asosiy e’tibor Navoiy ijodida ayollar qanday ideallashtirilgani, tasavvufiy va ma’naviy ramz sifatida qanday ifodalangani, shuningdek, zamonaviy gender nazariyalari kontekstida qanday talqin qilinishi mumkinligiga qaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiy ijodidagi tabiat obrazlari ekologik adabiyotshunoslik — ekokritik yondashuv asosida tahlil qilinadi. Navoiy asarlarida tabiat unsurlari nafaqat estetik bezak sifatida, balki inson ruhiy holati, axloqiy fazilatlari va ijtimoiy munosabatlarning ramzi sifatida talqin qilinadi. Maqolada bog‘, gul, daryo, shamol, qush kabi tabiat elementlari poetik funksiyada o‘rganiladi hamda ular orqali muallifning ekologik ongga ega bo‘lganini ko‘rsatish maqsad qilingan. Bu tahlil Navoiy merosini zamonaviy ekologik muammolar kontekstida qayta o‘qishga imkon beradi.

Производство серной кислоты основано на абсорбции и окислении газа SO₂ в печном газе до нитрозы. Нитрозоаты — соединения оксидов азота в растворе серной кислоты. В процессе окисления тетраоксида серы нитрозным методом функцию обеспечения его кислородом выполняют оксиды азота.

В статье представлены результаты лабораторных исследований, направленных на снижение горючести вторичных полиэтиленовых композиций. Исследования проводились с использованием специально разработанной рецептуры, включающей добавки, уменьшающие горючесть материала. Особое внимание уделено процессу усадки, происходящему при переработке полиэтиленовых композиций, который оказывает значительное влияние на их физико-химические свойства. Рассматриваются различные факторы, такие как температура переработки, состав добавок и время воздействия, и их влияние на огнестойкость и механические характеристики материала. На основе полученных данных анализируются оптимальные условия переработки для достижения наилучших результатов по снижению горючести, а также приводятся рекомендации по дальнейшему улучшению свойств композиций для их применения в различных отраслях.

В статье рассмотрены основные методы и направления улучшения технологических свойств полимерных материалов. Описаны современные подходы к модификации полимеров с целью повышения их перерабатываемости, механической прочности, термостойкости и других важных параметров. Особое внимание уделяется использованию различных добавок, а также разработке композиционных материалов на основе полимеров. Рассмотрены примеры успешных технологических решений и перспективы дальнейших исследований в области полимерных технологий.

В статье рассматриваются современные методы и механизмы утилизации полимерных материалов, а также экспериментальное исследование эффективности пиролиза в процессе переработки полимерных отходов. Описаны основные этапы разложения полимеров, получаемые продукты и влияние параметров процесса на качество конечного продукта. Представлены результаты проведённого эксперимента по термическому разложению полимерных образцов и их анализ.

В статье рассматриваются особенности и механизм действия одного из наиболее широко используемых антипиренов — полифосфата аммония (ПФА). Описаны его физико-химические свойства, термическое поведение, а также процессы, происходящие при термическом воздействии на полимерные материалы с добавлением ПФА. Показано, каким образом он способствует формированию защитного углеродистого слоя и препятствует распространению пламени. Проведён анализ современных направлений применения ПФА в огнезащитных системах, в том числе в составе интенсифицированных многокомпонентных композиций.

В данной работе рассматривается роль полимерных материалов в современной промышленности, а также актуальные направления их модификации для повышения эксплуатационных характеристик, в том числе огнестойкости. Особое внимание уделяется использованию антипиренов, их классификации, механизму действия и эффективности. Рассматриваются современные подходы к созданию полимерных композитов с улучшенными свойствами на основе локального сырья и многофункциональных добавок. Представлен анализ физико-химических процессов, происходящих при горении материалов, и пути их ингибирования с помощью современных огнезащитных составов.

В настоящее время синтез координационных соединений из металлов и металлорганических лигандов осуществляется путем получения металлокомплексов непосредственно в газовой и жидкой фазах. Координационные соединения — молекулярные и p-комплексы — позволили получить ди- и полиядерные структуры.

Инфильтрация является одним из важнейших свойств при переработке полимеров. При проектировании форм для литья полимеров особое внимание следует уделять проникновению.

Mazkur maqola zamonaviy ta’limda tabiiy, aniq va muhandislik-texnologiya fanlarini o‘qitishda ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalarni joriy etishning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Talabalarning mustaqil fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirish, bilimlarni chuqur o‘zlashtirish hamda amaliy ko‘nikmalar shakillantirishda innovatsion metodlar asosida ta’lim berishning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi.

This article provides a detailed overview of economic terminology, emphasizing its specialized nature and essential role in conveying economic knowledge across various fields, including academia, policy, business, and international communication. It explores how economic terms evolve alongside developments in the global economy and discusses the contextual, linguistic, and cognitive aspects of terminology variation. The article also addresses the complexity of translating economic texts, highlighting the importance of applying appropriate translation theories—especially the principle of equivalence—and the necessity of standardization in economic translation practices. Through referencing key scholars like Nida and Catford, the paper underscores the importance of accurate and context-sensitive translation for ensuring clarity and consistency in multilingual economic discourse.

Spiele sind ein grundlegender Bestandteil der menschlichen Kultur und beeinflussen unsere Emotionen, unser Verhalten und sogar unsere kognitiven Prozesse. In den letzten Jahren haben Pädagogen und Forscher die Rolle von Spielen im Lernprozess untersucht, wobei der Schwerpunkt darauf lag, wie sie die Konzentration, das Gedächtnis und die allgemeine akademische Leistung fördern oder behindern können. Dieser Artikel bietet eine ausführliche Analyse der Auswirkungen des Musikhörens auf das Lernen, unterstützt durch Forschungsergebnisse und praktische Einblicke.

Bulutli hisoblash (Cloud computing) – bu maʼlumotlarni saqlash, dasturiy taʼminot va hisoblash resurslarini Internet orqali taqdim etish texnologiyasi. Ushbu maqola bulutli hisoblashning asosiy turlari (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), afzalliklari (arzonlik, masshtablanuvchanlik, ishonchlilik) va qoʻllanilishi (biznes, taʼlim, sogʻliqni saqlash) haqida batafsil maʼlumot beradi. Shuningdek, bulut texnologiyalarining xavfsizlik muammolari, yangi trendlari (koʻp bulutli strategiyalar, sunʼiy intellekt bilan integratsiya) va kelajakdagi rivojlanish yoʻnalishlari tahlil qilinadi.

Скважиналарни бурғилаш жараёнида тоғ жинсларини парчаланиш жараёнига, уларнинг қуйидаги асосий физик-механик хусусиятлари, яъни, эластиклиги, пластиклиги, қаттиқлиги, абразивлиги ва яхлитлиги  таъсир этади.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the problems affecting the increase in fuel consumption of mine dump trucks, as well as the efficiency of BelAZ dump trucks. Various methods of determining fuel consumption rates for dump trucks have also been analysed. As a result of the study, data on the operation of dump trucks from the road transport department of the Central Mining Department of Navoi Mining Division of Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine were collected, and the factors affecting the consumption of diesel fuel were analysed. As a result of researches the estimation of operational indicators of dump trucks is given, and also the indicators influencing fuel consumption during transportation of rock mass are revealed. In addition, several methods of calculation of fuel consumption are proposed and additional parameters affecting this indicator are determined. As a result of the research, recommendations were developed to improve efficiency by reducing fuel consumption during the operation of dump trucks.

The article presents a mathematical development that allows determining the optimal ratio of construction and operational parameters of dump trucks, ensuring the stability of its movement when passing through uneven, deep areas of highways. The theory and results of experimental studies on the damage of truck transmissions as a result of the influence of road defects on the movement of a dump truck on unsuitable quarry roads are presented.

Effective operation of crankcase hydraulic excavators in a hydraulic system is significantly affected by temperature conditions. In the hydraulic system, a sharp increase in the temperature of the working fluid or of the parts on which the packing gaskets are applied leads to burning of the packing gaskets, resulting in a loss of their elasticity and an increase in their hardness.

Ushbu tezisda yorug‘likning dielektrik muhitga tushishida yuzaga keladigan aks ettirish va sinish hodisalari orqali qutblanish darajasi o‘rganiladi.Tadqiqotda yorug‘likning tushish burchagi o‘zgartirilganda ,aks ettirilgan va o‘tgan to‘lqinlarning qutblanish darajasidagi o‘zgarishlar nazariy va eksperemental usullar bilan tahlil qilindi.Brewster burchagi yaqinida aks ettirilgan yoruglikning to‘liq qutblanishi tasdiqlandi.Natijalar qutblangan yorug‘lik asosida ishlovchi optik qurilmalarni loyihalashda foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

Mazkur maqolada foyda solig‘i stavkalari, soliqni hisoblab chiqarish va to‘lash tartibi mavzusini talabalarga samarali yetkazish bo‘yicha interfaol o‘qitish metodlari yoritilgan. Mavzuning nazariy asoslari bilan birga amaliy yondashuvlar, xususan muammoli vaziyatlar, “aqliy hujum”, klaster, SWOT-tahlil kabi metodlar qo‘llanishi orqali o‘quv jarayonida erishilayotgan yutuqlar tahlil qilinadi.

Valeology, derived from the Latin "valeo" meaning "to be healthy", is the interdisciplinary science of health and healthy living. It combines elements of medicine, psychology, pedagogy, and social sciences to study human health, its maintenance, and promotion. This article explores the foundations of valeology, its key principles, and its relevance in contemporary medical practice, especially in disease prevention, health promotion, and patient education.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), primarily resulting from coronary artery disease (CAD), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the classification of IHD, including stable and unstable angina, and myocardial infarction (MI). It also discusses contemporary treatment strategies encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and revascularization procedures.

Ushbu maqola madaniy kodlar va ramzlarning siyosiy safarbarlik jarayonidagi muhim o‘rnini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Madaniy kodlar va ramzlar jamiyatning ma’naviy va madaniy asoslarini ifodalovchi belgilar sifatida, siyosiy harakatlarni shakllantirish va xalqni bir maqsad atrofida birlashtirishda kuchli vosita hisoblanadi. Maqolada milliy bayroqlar, timsollar va tana harakatlarining siyosiy safarbarlikda qanday qo‘llanilishi va ular orqali qanday motivatsiya yaratilishi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, madaniy kodlar va ramzlarning siyosiy kommunikatsiya va identifikatsiyadagi roli, ularning jamiyatda siyosiy ongni shakllantirishdagi ahamiyati misollar va nazariy tushunchalar yordamida bayon etiladi. Ushbu tahlil siyosatshunoslik, madaniyatshunoslik va ijtimoiy psixologiya sohalariga oid bilimlarni integratsiyalash orqali siyosiy safarbarlik jarayonini yanada chuqurroq anglash imkonini beradi.

Ushbu maqolada sinfda yuzaga keladigan to‘qnashuvlarning sabablari, ularning ta’lim jarayoniga ta’siri hamda ularni oldini olish va samarali hal etish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Murosaga kelish va konstruktiv muloqot orqali ijobiy sinf muhitini shakllantirish yo‘nalishidagi amaliy usullar, xususan, “Win-Win” strategiyasi, faol tinglash va mediatorlik yondashuvlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada shuningdek o‘quvchilarda murosaga kelish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiluvchi trening mashg‘ulotlari, rolli o‘yinlar va guruhli ishlash metodlari bayon etilgan. Pedagoglarga mo‘ljallangan ushbu material sinfdagi ijtimoiy-psixologik muvozanatni ta’minlash, o‘quvchilarning ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanishini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda samarali vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Oila - ma’daniyat va tarbiyaning eng kichik birlashmasi hisoblanadi. Farzand tug’ilibdiki, yangi xulq-atvorni avvalo ona, keyinroq esa ota obrazi orqali o’zlashtiradi. Ota-ona uchun farzand tarbiyasi birlamchi vazifa sanaladi. Ushbu maqolada har bir yosh avlodning barkamol shaxs sifatida shakllanishida oilaning o’rni, farzand tarbiyasida ota-onaning ahamiyati, oilaviy munosabatlar borasida olimlar fikrlari haqida mulohazalar bayon etilgan.

Mazkur maqolada individuallik va uning psixologik muammolari o‘rganiladi. Individuallik psixologiyasi, shaxsning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, xarakteri, ehtiyojlari, qobiliyatlari va ularning ijtimoiy muhitdagi o‘rni haqida tasavvurlarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan. Maqolada individuallikning rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar, shaxsiy identifikatsiya, o‘z-o‘zini anglash va ijtimoiy munosabatlar bilan bog‘liq psixologik muammolar tahlil qilinadi.

   Psixologik xizmatlar - bu psixologik yordam, maslahat, qo‘llab-quvvatlash va turli psixologik muammolarni hal qilishga qaratilgan faoliyatlar to‘plamidir. Ushbu xizmatlar, odatda, psixologlar tomonidan taqdim etiladi va shaxsiy, ijtimoiy, emosional yoki kognitiv muammolarni yengish, stressni boshqarish, shaxsiy o‘sish va rivojlanish, o‘z-o‘zini anglashni chuqurlashtirish va sog‘lom psixologik holatni ta’minlash uchun yordam beradi. Psixologik xizmatlar ta’lim muassasalarida o‘quvchilarning ruhiy va emosional ehtiyojlarini qondirishga, ularning psixologik salomatligini saqlashga, shaxsiy va ijtimoiy moslashuvini qo‘llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan bo‘ladi.

Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda tafakkur jarayonining buzilishiga olib keluvchi asosiy omillar tahlil qilinadi. Psixologik, biologik va ijtimoiy omillar tafakkur rivojlanishiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi yoritib beriladi. Shuningdek, nevrologik muammolar, ota-onaning tarbiyadagi xatolari, psixologik travmalar va ijtimoiy muhitning salbiy omillari bolalarning intellektual rivojlanishiga qanday salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi misollar orqali ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.

Quyida berilgan ushbu ilmiy maqolada O’tkir Hoshimovning xotirasiga bag’ishlangan – Prezidentimiz Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyevning qarorlari, adibning hayoti va ijodi, asarlari va qissalari haqida ilmiy yondashishga harakat qilingan.

:  Ushbu maqolada yoshlarning ilm-fanga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshirish va zamonaviy taʼlim tizimining bu jarayondagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Ilm-fanga bo‘lgan qiziqish nafaqat shaxsning shaxsiy rivojlanishiga, balki jamiyatning innovatsion rivojlanishiga ham ta'sir etadi. Zamonaviy taʼlim tizimi, o‘quvchilarning ilmiy kimaoliyatini rag‘batlantirish va ularning qiziqishini oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada zamonaviy taʼlim metodlari, o‘quvchilarning ilm-fanga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshirish usullari va ularning kelajakdagi muvaffaqiyatlariga ta'siri ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Ushbu maqolada pedagogik nazokat haqida tushuncha, pedagogik nazokatning mohiyati va xususiyatlari, o‘qituvchi nazokatida dilkashlik va pedagogik takt haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, pedagogik nazokat va odob-axloq  tushunchalari, ularning zamonaviy ta’lim tizimidagi ahamiyati hamda o’qituvchi shaxsining ma’naviy-ma’rifiy qiyofasini shakllantirishdagi o’rni, ta’lim jarayonida pedagogik madaniyat va axloq qadriyatlarning uyg’unligi haqida yoritilib ketilgan.

1. M-learning konsepsiyasining rivojlanishi va ta’limdagi ahamiyati

So‘nggi o‘n yilliklarda mobil qurilmalar, internetga keng kirish imkoniyati va bulutli texnologiyalarning jadal rivojlanishi natijasida ta’lim sohasida yangi yondashuv — mobil ta’lim yoki M-learning aniq shakllandi. Bu konsepsiya o‘quvchilarga o‘z bilimlarini istalgan joyda va vaqtda, shaxsiy ehtiyojlari va imkoniyatlariga moslab o‘rganish imkonini beradi. 

Communication is now more crucial than ever in the world that is becoming more interconnected by the day. A common language is frequently required when individuals from other nations communicate via travel, business, education, and the internet. For a variety of reasons, English has assumed this function. It is a "global language" due to its widespread

Ushbu maqolada tilshunoslikdagi muhim jarayonlar – transkripsiya va transliteratsiya tushunchalari, ularning o‘zaro farqlari, amaliy qo‘llanilishi va oʻzbek tilidagi oʻrni yoritiladi.

This study investigates how well web-based tools can help medical students' English language proficiency. Given the significance of English in clinical communication and medical research, medical students must become highly proficient in the language. Students improved their medical English vocabulary, grammar, and communication skills during a six-week period by using programs like Lingvist, Meducation, and BabelMed. Surveys, instructor feedback, and pre- and post-assessments were used to collect data. The findings showed notable gains in clinical communication abilities, reading comprehension, and word retention. Additionally, students said they felt more comfortable using medical English in clinical and academic contexts. The study comes to the conclusion that web-based applications are useful resources for enhancing conventional language training because they provide individualized learning opportunities that aid in students' language development in a medical setting.

Mazkur maqolada avtomobil uzatmalar qutisining muhim konstruktiv elementi bo‘lgan ikkilamchi valning tuzilishi, vazifalari va ishlash prinsipi chuqur texnik tahlil asosida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Ikkilamchi val avtomobilning harakatga kelishida dvigatelda hosil bo‘lgan burama momentni g‘ildiraklarga uzatishda asosiy bog‘lovchi bo‘g‘in hisoblanadi. Uning konstruktiv xususiyatlari, joylashuvi, ishlash mexanizmi, material tanlovi va xizmat ko‘rsatish jarayonlari haqida ishonchli manbalarga asoslangan holda batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Maqolada sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarining media kontentlar yaratishdagi o‘rni, qo‘llanilish yo‘nalishlari, afzalliklari va xavf-xatarlar tahlil qilinadi. Matn, audio, tasvir, video va tavsiyaviy tizimlarda SI’ning amaliy imkoniyatlari, samarali foydalanish usullari hamda axloqiy va huquqiy jihatlar yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada axborot texnologiyalari fanlarini o‘qitishda talabalarni guruh bo‘lib ishlashining ahamiyati yoritilgan. Guruhiy ishlar orqali talabalarda muloqot, liderlik, muammolarni hal qilish va jamoada ishlash kabi ko‘nikmalar shakllanishi, o‘qituvchi va texnologik vositalarning bu jarayondagi roli, shuningdek samarali guruhiy o‘qitish metodlari haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan.

Mazkur maqolada inson qadri va jamiyatdagi o'rni, ayniqsa, ijtimoiy mediatsiyaning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Mediatsiya, ikki yoki undan ortiq tomonlar o'rtasidagi nizolarni tinch yo'l bilan hal qilish jarayoni sifatida, jamiyatda o'zaro hurmat va tinchlikni saqlashda hal qiluvchi rol o'ynaydi. Inson qadri, uning axloqiy nuqtai nazari, boshqalar bilan bo'lgan munosabatlarida o'zini qanday tutishi, ijtimoiy mediatsiya jarayoniga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatishini o'rganadi. Shuningdek, maqolada mediatsiyaning jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy ziddiyatlarni bartaraf etish, o'zaro tushunish va hamkorlikni mustahkamlashdagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, tinchlikni ta'minlash va do'stona muhit yaratishdagi roli haqida so'z boradi. Bu maqola o'zaro hurmat, adolat va tinchlikni saqlash uchun insonlarning bir-birini anglash va murosaga kelish orqali jamiyatni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan dolzarb fikrlarni taqdim etadi.

Ushbu maqolada texnologik ta’limda innovatsion metodlarni joriy etishning zarurati, ularning o‘quv jarayoniga ta’siri hamda samaradorligi atroflicha tahlil qilingan. An’anaviy ta’lim shakllaridan farqli ravishda, interfaol va innovatsion metodlar o‘quvchilarni dars jarayonida faol ishtirok etishga, mustaqil fikrlash va muammoli vaziyatlarni yechishga o‘rgatadi. Xususan, loyiha asosida o‘qitish, “aqliy hujum”, “fikrlar kartasi”, rolli o‘yinlar, “besh barmoq” va “klaster” metodlarining qo‘llanilishi orqali o‘quvchilarning amaliy ko‘nikmalari, ijodiy yondashuvi va ijtimoiy faolligi rivojlanishi ta’kidlangan. Shuningdek, maqolada zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari (AKT) yordamida darslarni interaktiv tashkil etish, multimediya vositalari orqali mavzuni chuqurroq o‘zlashtirish imkoniyatlari ham yoritilgan. Ilmiy-nazariy tahlillar va amaliy kuzatuvlarga tayangan holda, innovatsion metodlarning texnologik ta’lim sifatini oshirishdagi roli asoslab berilgan va tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan.

Har bir oila o‘zining ehtiyoji, imkoniyati va tushunchasiga qarab xonalarni o‘ziga xos qilib jihozlaydi. Xonalarni jihozlashda xonalarning soni, hajmi, o‘zaro mutanosibligi, eshik va derazalarning o‘lchami, shakllari, xonalarga kunduzgi yorug‘likning qanchalik tushishi va shu kabilar katta rol o‘ynaydi.
Ushbu maqolada uy jihozlash usullari haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada sun'iy intellekt (AI) texnologiyalarining zamonaviy ta'limga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatayotgani, ularning ta'lim jarayonini qanday o'zgartirgani va kelajakda ta'lim sohasida qanday yangi imkoniyatlar va qiyinchiliklar kutilayotgani haqida so'z yuritilgan. Maqolada AI ning shaxsiylashtirilgan o'qitish, avtomatlashtirilgan baholash, chatbotlar va masofaviy ta'limdagi roli, shuningdek, AR/VR kabi zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan uyg'unligi ko'rib chiqilgan. Bundan tashqari, AI ning ta'lim sohasida qo'llanilishi bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlar xavfsizligi, adolatli imkoniyatlar va o'qituvchilarning yangi ko'nikmalar bilan ta'minlanishi kabi muhim masalalar ham yoritilgan

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim-tarbiya tizimida maktab, oila va mahalla o’rtasidagi integratsiyaning zaruriyati, shakllanishi omillari va samarali hamkorlik yo’llari tahlil qilinadi. Integratsiya jarayonining tarixiy ildizlari, mavjud holati, muammolari va istiqbollari yoritilib, “Oila-Maktab-Mahalla” konsepsiyasi asosida samarali hamkorlikni shakllantirish bo’yicha takliflar bildiriladi. Mavzuga oid ilmiy-nazariy qarashlar, mavjud muammolar hamda ularni hal etish bo’yicha takliflar keltiriladi.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim-tarbiya tizimida maktab, oila va mahalla o’rtasidagi integratsiyaning zaruriyati, shakllanishi omillari va samarali hamkorlik yo’llari tahlil qilinadi. Integratsiya jarayonining tarixiy ildizlari, mavjud holati, muammolari va istiqbollari yoritilib, “Oila-Maktab-Mahalla” konsepsiyasi asosida samarali hamkorlikni shakllantirish bo’yicha takliflar bildiriladi. Mavzuga oid ilmiy-nazariy qarashlar, mavjud muammolar hamda ularni hal etish bo’yicha takliflar keltiriladi.